（湖北專(zhuān)用）2015屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)檢測(cè)（二十一）閱讀理解之自然類(lèi)

《（湖北專(zhuān)用）2015屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)檢測(cè)（二十一）閱讀理解之自然類(lèi)》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（湖北專(zhuān)用）2015屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)檢測(cè)（二十一）閱讀理解之自然類(lèi)（5頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、專(zhuān)題限時(shí)檢測(cè)(二十一)　閱讀理解之自然類(lèi) (共3篇，限時(shí)23分鐘) A (2014·武昌區(qū)高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Brown cows may not actually make chocolate milk, but pink silkworms (蠶) do produce pink silk, a team of scientists has discovered. To see if they could produce pre-dyed silk—silk that comes colored, straight from the source — the team fed ordi

2、nary silkworms mulberry (桑樹(shù)) leaves that had been spra yed (噴灑) with fabric (織物) dyes (染色劑). Out of seven tested dyes, only one worked, producing a thread that reminded me of pink-dyed hair. And yes, the worms themselves take on some color before they produce silk. Their colorful diets did not aff

3、ect their growth, the team, which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR — National Chemical Laboratory in India, reports in the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. (The researchers didn’t look too deeply into how the dyes affected the silkworms’ health. After all, silkworms di

4、e when people harvest their silk.) The team made dyeing silk this way because coloring fabric normally uses large amounts of fresh water. The water gets polluted with dangerous chemicals in the process, requiring costly treatment before factories can send it back into waterways. Dyeing silk d

5、irectly by feeding silkworms would avoid those water-washing steps. Scientists are just starting to study this idea. However, it remains to be seen if it’s commercially successful. In this experiment, the Indian team tested seven dyes, which are cheap and popular in the industry. The scientists fou

6、nd different dyes moved through silkworms’ bodies differently. Some never made it into the worms’ silk at all. Others colored the worms and their silk, but the color disappears before the silk is turned into fabric. Only one dye, named “direct acid fast red”， showed up in the final, washed silk thre

7、ads. By the time it made it there, it was a pleasant, light pink. 1．The text is most probably a(n)________． A．science report　　　　 　B．tourist guide C．a(chǎn)nimal experiment D．fashion advertisement 2．Silkworms can produce pink silk because________. A．they are born pink B．they are dyed pink C．they

8、grow in pink water D．they are fed dyed food 3．Where was the experiment carried out? A．In America. B．In India. C．In Israel. D．In China. 4．How many dyes have been proved successful in the experiment? A．One. B．Three. C．Five. D．Seven. B (2014·武漢七校第一次聯(lián)合考試) It’s the beginning of 2014, bu

9、t as USA Today says，“it’s never too early to plan your 2014 travels”. With so many hot destinations around the globe, “where should I go？” can be difficult to answer. According to Lonely Planet, though, Brazil is a fine choice — on Oct 29th, the travel guide named that country the top one to visit i

10、n 2014. “As if endless coast and mountains splashed (飛濺) with rainforest didn’t already add up to an unfair share of heaven, Brazil will hold two of the greatest sporting events in the world, beginning with the 2014 FIFA World Cup and followed by the 2016 Summer Olympics，”explained Lonely Planet.

11、Brazil is the largest and most populous (人口稠密的) country in South America. It boasts (自豪擁有) the Amazon, the world’s largest jungle, which is home to a variety of plants and animals. But the great scenery is not the only thing Brazilians take pride in. The colors green and yellow might make most peop

12、le think of Brazil’s soccer team even more than its national flag. Soccer is more than a sport in Brazil; it’s a way of life. In fact, the World Cup brings Brazilians together. It is interesting to note that the general elections in Brazil are usually held during the same year as the World Cup. Poli

13、tical parties try to take advantage of the patriotic enthusiasm(愛(ài)國(guó)熱情) created by soccer to inspire political energy. Alongside soccer, samba is another symbol of Brazil. The country’s most traditional dance is highlighted every February at the Rio Carnival, which is one of the world’s biggest. “B

14、razil has left its second-class nation status，” said former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2009 after Rio de Janeiro was awarded the 2016 Olympics. Brazil’s growing economy, fueled by oil and aircraft factories, has made it more than just a nation of samba, soccer and beaches. The

15、se days, it might just be the best tourist destination in the world. 5．Which is TRUE about Brazil? A．Soccer and samba are two symbols of the country. B．It will hold the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics in 2016. C．It is the largest country with the longest history in South America. D．I

16、ts Amazon is the world’s largest jungle, Brazilians take pride in only. 6. We can tell from the words of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva that________. A．his country will be the first class nation status after the 2016 Olympics B．his country has been left behind by other second-class nations C．he is co

17、nfident that his country has developed very fast D．the 2016 Olympics, not samba or soccer, has made his country the first class 7. Which of the following aspects are mentioned about Brazil in the article? A．Military and economy. B．Geography and population. C．Language and culture. D．Politics a

18、nd history. 8．The author’s purpose in writing the article is to________. A．give an introduction of Brazil as a tourist destination B．prove that Lonely Planet’s recommendation is right C．give an objective review of Brazil as a nation D．explain why Brazil will be holding the two sporting events

19、C (2014·徐州第三次質(zhì)檢)The evolution of the first animals may have oxygenated (供氧) Earth’s oceans. New research led by the University of Exeter challenges the long held belief that oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans was a precondition for the evolution of complex life forms. The study, published i

20、n the journal Nature Geoscience, builds on the recent work of scientists in Denmark who found that sponges (海綿動(dòng)物) — the first animals to evolve — require only small amounts of oxygen. Professor Tim Lenton of the University of Exeter，who led the new study, said: “We argue that the evolution of the

21、first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans. This in turn may have facilitated the evolution of more complex, mobile animals.” Critical to determining oxygen levels in the deep ocean is the balance of oxygen supply and demand. Demand for oxygen is cr

22、eated by the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean. The new study argues that the first animals reduced this supply of organic matter — both directly and indirectly. Sponges feed by pumping water through their bodies，“digesting”the tiny particles of organic matter，and thus helping ox

23、ygenate the shelf seas that they live in.By oxygenating more of the bottom waters, the first animals actually increased the removal of the essential nutrient phosphorus (磷) in the ocean.This in turn reduced the productivity of the whole ocean ecosystem, lowering oxygen demand and thus oxygenating th

24、e deep ocean. A more oxygen-rich ocean created ideal conditions for more complex mobile animals to evolve, because they have a higher requirement for oxygen.These included the first predatory (肉食的) animals with guts (內(nèi)臟) that started to eat one another，marking the beginning of the type of food webs

25、 we are familiar with today. Professor Simon Poulton of the University of Leeds，who is a co-author of the study, added：“This study provides a possible mechanism for ocean oxygenation without the requirement for a rise in atmospheric oxygen.It therefore questions whether the long-standing belief tha

26、t there was a major rise in atmospheric oxygen at this time is correct.We simply don’t know the answer to this at present，which is ultimately key to understanding how our planet evolved to its current habitable state.Geochemists need to come up with new ways to explain oxygen levels on the early Ear

27、th.” 9．The underlined word “facilitated” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．prevented B．promoted C．interrupted D．witnessed 10．From Paragraphs 4 to 6, we can infer that________. A．phosphorus can keep the productivity of the ocean ecosystem B．complex animals consume the same

28、 amount of oxygen as sponges C．the sinking of dead organic material into the deep ocean produces oxygen D．the existence of the first animals marks the beginning of modern food webs 11．From the last paragraph, we can learn Professor Simon Poulton believes that________. A．their study gives a new e

29、xplanation for the high oxygen content in the air B．oxygen increased greatly in the air as the first animals oxygenated the oceans C．their study answers the question of how the earth evolved to the present state D．ocean oxygenation does not necessarily require a rise in atmospheric oxygen 12．The

30、 main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．present the view that the first animals played an active role in oxygenating oceans B．introduce two opposite opinions on how the first animals oxygenated oceans C．a(chǎn)nalyze how atmospheric oxygen stepped up the evolution of oceanic animals D．explain h

31、ow oceanic oxygen determines the amount of atmospheric oxygen 答 案 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)蠶能吐出粉色的絲嗎？印度的科學(xué)家做了大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們通過(guò)給蠶喂一些噴過(guò)染色劑的桑樹(shù)葉子，最終成功地使蠶吐出了粉色的絲。 1．選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的理解可知，科學(xué)家們通過(guò)給蠶喂一些噴過(guò)染色劑的食物使其吐出粉色的絲。文中介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論，所以應(yīng)該是一篇科技報(bào)告。故選A。 2．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句中的“...the team fed ... reminded me of pink

32、-dyed hair.”可知，科學(xué)家用被噴灑織物染色劑的桑樹(shù)葉子喂養(yǎng)普通的蠶。在七個(gè)被測(cè)試的染料中，只有一種染料起作用，這種蠶絲，讓“我”想起染上粉色的頭發(fā)。由此推知，蠶之所以會(huì)吐出粉色的絲是因?yàn)樗麄儽晃沽撕腥旧珓┑氖澄铩９蔬xD。 3．選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中“... the team，which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR — National Chemical Laboratory in India ...”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)是在印度進(jìn)行的。故選B。 4．選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Only one

33、 dye，named ’direct acid fast red’，showed up in the final，washed silk threads.”可知，只有一種染料成功了。故選A。 5．選A　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段的第一句“Alongside soccer，samba is another symbol of Brazil.”可知，足球和桑巴舞是巴西的象征。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，B、C、D三項(xiàng)均可排除。故選A項(xiàng)。 6．選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句“’Brazil has left its second-class nation status，’ ...”即巴西已經(jīng)擺

34、脫了二等國(guó)家的身份，并結(jié)合最后一段可推知，巴西發(fā)展迅速，并獲得2016年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦權(quán)，由此可推斷出，當(dāng)時(shí)的巴西總統(tǒng)對(duì)巴西經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展充滿信心。故選C項(xiàng)。 7．選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)對(duì)文章第三段的整體理解可知，本段提到了巴西的人口和地理環(huán)境，即亞馬孫流域是世界上最大的熱帶雨林。故選B項(xiàng)。 8．選A　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段和文章的整體描述可知，本文主要是對(duì)旅游目的地巴西做了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)明的介紹。故選A項(xiàng)。 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科研報(bào)告。研究表明早期低等動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化在海洋的供氧系統(tǒng)中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。 9．選B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“We argue that the evo

35、lution of the first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans.This in turn ...”可推知，早期動(dòng)物在深海氧氣擴(kuò)散中起到關(guān)鍵作用，這反過(guò)來(lái)也促進(jìn)了這些動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化，所以此處 facilitate 與 promote 意思相近，意為“促使，有助于”。故選B項(xiàng)。 10．選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第二、三句“By oxygenating more of the bottom waters，the first animals actua

36、lly increased the removal of the essential nutrient phosphorus (磷) in the ocean.This in turn reduced the productivity of the whole ocean ecosystem，lowering oxygen demand and thus oxygenating the deep ocean.”可推知，磷可以維持海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)力。故選A項(xiàng)。 11．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“Professor Simon Poulton of the University

37、of Leeds, who is a co-author of the study, added：’This study provides a possible mechanism for ocean oxygenation without the requirement for a rise in atmosphere oxygen.’”可知，Simon Poulton 相信海洋的供氧不一定需要空氣中氧氣的增加。故選D項(xiàng)。 12．選A　寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“The evolution of the first animals may have oxygenated(供氧)Earth’s oceans.”的開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合第三段中的“We argue that the evolution of the first animals could have played a key role in the widespread oxygenation of the deep oceans”，及對(duì)全文的整體理解可知，本文介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明早期低等動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化在海洋的供氧系統(tǒng)中起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。故選A項(xiàng)。