高一英語人教版必修1《Unit 1 Friendship》期末知識梳理

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111 人教新課標(biāo)版高一必修一Unit 1 Friendship期末知識梳理. 一、訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)入 I.考綱單詞 寫出下列考綱詞匯的詞性和漢義(如果不止一個詞性學(xué)生自行增補(bǔ)詞性及相應(yīng)漢義) 1.greet 2.represent 3.flight 4.curious 5.approach 6.defend 7.major 8.misunderstand 9.adult 10.spoken 11.likely 12.function 13.truly 14.anger 15.rank II.核心短語 1．be_________a bout,對……感到好奇的 2．defend_________保衛(wèi)……以免 3．a(chǎn)pologize_________sb_________sth因某事而向某人道歉 4．put_________舉起，建立 5．_________general總的來說，通常 6．shake hands_________sb同某人握手 7．come_________出現(xiàn)，向前 8．_________the distance在遠(yuǎn)處，在遠(yuǎn)方 9．turn one’s back_________背對，背棄 10．_________face丟臉 11．a(chǎn)ct_________表演 12．introduce sb_________sb把……介紹給…… 13．_________the cheek在臉頰上 14．put_________one’s hand舉起手 15．_________the contrary 正好相反 16．stand close_________站得靠近 17．be likely_________很可能 18．be intended_________旨在，打算 19．_________ease安心，放心 20．keep a record_________記錄 二、知識精講 I.重點(diǎn)詞匯 1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset) [典例] 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。 2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要難過--并沒有造成傷害。 3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。 [重點(diǎn)用法] be upset by… 被…… 打亂 upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱 2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系 [典例] 1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。 2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。 3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。 [重點(diǎn)用法] as / so far as … be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就……而言 be concerned about 關(guān)心 be concerned at / over sth. 為某事憂慮 be concerned in sth. 牽涉到，與……有關(guān)，參與 3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解決 [典例] 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個角落里。 2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。 3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 雙方都愿意捐棄前嫌。 [重點(diǎn)用法] settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在…定居 4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 [典例] 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎? 2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。 [重點(diǎn)用法] suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不適﹑ 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭: 5. disagree vt. 不同意 [典例] 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時意見不一。 2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對未來的計劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。 [重點(diǎn)用法] disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點(diǎn)[某人的話/某人的決定] II.重點(diǎn)詞組 1. add up 加起來 [典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起來，看看你能得幾分。 2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to? 湯姆，10，20和5加起來是多少？ [短語歸納] add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中 add up to … 加起來是 2. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 [典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個國家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。 2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時期。 [短語歸納] go after追求，追趕 go ahead前進(jìn)；請說（做）吧 go by走過，（時間）過去 go along with向前，（與……）一起去 go in for愛好，從事 go out外出；（燈，火）熄滅 go over越過；復(fù)習(xí) go up爬上，（價格等）上升 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地 [典例] The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。 [短語歸納] do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地 4. get along with 與某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展 [典例] 1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是個隨和的人，很難相處。 2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何？ [短語歸納] get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 與……相處得好/不好，……進(jìn)展順利/不順利 get away離開，逃離 get down下來；寫下，取下 get down to (doing)開始認(rèn)真干…… get over克服，擺脫 get through通過，做完 get together聚集 1. in order to… 為了……（可置于句首或句中） [典例] 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個好座位。 2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。 [短語歸納] in order that… 以便……（后跟句子） so that…以便……（后跟句子） so as to為了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首） III.重點(diǎn)句型 1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on. 媽媽問她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。 [解釋] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： with + 賓語+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases 由“介詞with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等，另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語使用。下面簡述幾種情況： 1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。 2) 如果分詞表示的動作與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，該分詞用過去分詞形式。 3) 賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以使用介詞短語，形容詞或副詞來充當(dāng)。 [典例] 1.with + 賓語 + 副詞，如： The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty. 2.with + 賓語 + 介詞短語，如： The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand). The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes). 3.with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，如： With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy. 4.with + 賓語 + 過去分詞，如： With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved. With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger. 5.with + 賓語 + 不定式，如： With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳…… [解釋] as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數(shù)人那么做”。 as 用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句： 1). 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語的同時性 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 隨著他年紀(jì)越來越大，他失去了對所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。 2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝） Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥只穿了一件襯衫。 3). 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“以……方式”。 Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的服這藥？ 4). 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，“由于，因?yàn)椤薄? As you were not there, I left a message. 因?yàn)楫?dāng)時你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。 5) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。 3. It is/was the…time that… ……第幾次…… [解釋] that從句中的謂語動詞一般用完成時態(tài)。 1). It is the first time that he has heard this song. 4.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關(guān)的事情都無比狂熱。 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： wonder ＋if 表語從句 ＋ so …that從句 4.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定語從句) 我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空，鳥兒的歌唱，月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里，這一切都變了。 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was a time when …There is /was a time when…This/That is/was a time when… 5.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。 句子結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時：這是某人第幾次做某事 三、語法突破 動詞-ing形式作狀語 動詞-ing形式在句中可以用作狀語修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨狀況。 1. 作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于when, while, after等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 Hearing the teacher’s steps, these students stopped talking at once. (When they heard the teacher’s steps, these students stopped talking at once.) 聽到老師的腳步聲，這些學(xué)生馬上不說話了。 2. 作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于as, since, because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well. (Because he has lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese very well.) 他在中國住了好多年了，所以漢語說得很好。 3. 作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 Turning to the right, you will see the post office. (If you turn to the right, you will see the post office.) 向右轉(zhuǎn)，你就會看到郵局。 4. 作結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。 A small plane crashed into a hillside, killing all people on board. (A small plane crashed into a hillside so that all people on board were killed.) 一架小飛機(jī)墜毀在山坡上，致使機(jī)上人員全部遇難。 5. 作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于though, even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. (Although I admit what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.) 盡管我承認(rèn)她所說的話，但我仍然認(rèn)為她沒有盡最大努力。 6. 作方式、伴隨狀語時不能用狀語從句替代，但可改寫成并列句。 He walked down the hill, singing softly to him- self. (He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.) 他從山上走下來，一路哼著小曲兒。 注：如果動詞-ing形式所表示的動作與謂語動作同時存在或同時發(fā)生，則用一般式(即doing)；如果動詞-ing形式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前則用完成式(即having done)。 動詞的非謂語形式是歷年高考命題的熱點(diǎn)，而在句中作狀語的 V-ing 形式則是英語高考考點(diǎn)的重中之重。現(xiàn)筆者就 V-ing 形式作狀語幫助同學(xué)們作個小結(jié)。 ????V-ing 形式在句中修飾主句的謂語動詞，說明句中謂語動詞所處的狀態(tài)，它是主句主語動作的一部分。與主句謂語表示的動作幾乎是同時發(fā)生的，可以表示時間、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等。 ????值得一提的是：當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則應(yīng)用其完成式的 V-ing 短語 having （ been ） done 。 一 . V-ing 形式表示時間 1. _______________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clear up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 析：句意為“當(dāng)河流受到嚴(yán)重污染時，現(xiàn)在要清理它已經(jīng)為時過晚了”。很明顯，“污染”在前，“清理河流”在后，應(yīng)用 suffer 的完成式，故選 A 項(xiàng)。 2. ___________________a reply, he decided to wait again. A. No receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 析：在 V-ing 形式的否定式中，否定詞（ no 、 not 或 never ）應(yīng)置于其前面，不能置于其后面，因此 B 、 D 項(xiàng)不能選，從句意來看，“未收到答案”在前，“決心等待”在后。故選 C 項(xiàng)。 二 . V-ing 形式表示原因 3. ______________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known B. Known not C. Known not D. Not knowing 析：答案為 D 項(xiàng)，全句實(shí)際為 Because he didn't know anything about …的縮略形式。 4. ________________ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 析：答案是 A 項(xiàng)。 三 . V-ing 形式表示伴隨情況 5. “ Can't you read? ” Mary said _______________ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily point 析： A 項(xiàng)為正確答案，根據(jù)語法知識 B 、 C 、 D 三項(xiàng)都不能選。 四 . V-ing 形式表示結(jié)果 6. European football is played in 80 countries _____________ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 析： making it …其形式相當(dāng)于定語從句 which makes it the most popular sport in the world 的簡化形式。故 A 項(xiàng)為正確答案。 【練習(xí)】 Ⅰ. 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. ______ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having been told D. Having told 2. ______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an e-mail instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 3. When we visited my hometown, memory came ______ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded 4. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was sitting on the bicycle ______ to balance it. A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried 5. ______ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Throwing C. Thrown D. Being thrown 6. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (2010, 北京卷) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 7. The lady walked around the shops, ______ an eye out for bargains. (2010, 江西卷) A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 8. ______ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010, 上海卷) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 9. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ______ the students to return to their classrooms. (2010, 江蘇卷) A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled 10. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010, 福建卷) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent Ⅱ. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示，用動詞-ing形式完成下列句子。 1. ______________(穿過) the park, we saw a fine flower show. (walk) 2. ______________(重達(dá)近50公斤), the stone was moved by him. (weigh) 3. The storm left, ______________(造成很大損失) to this area. (cause) 4. She worked late into the night, _____________(準(zhǔn)備一份演講稿) for the president. (prepare) 5. ______________(從……看) the top of the hill, you can get a wonderful view of the whole city. (see) 6. ______________(和……一起生活) the man for 3 years, we all know him very well. (live) 7. ______________(對待人們) kindly, you’ll make many good friends.（treat） 8. ______________(不知道) his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. (know) Key: Ⅰ. 1–5 CDABB 6–10 ACAAA Ⅱ. 1. Walking through 2. Weighing almost 50 kilograms 3. causing a lot of damage 4. preparing a speech 5. Seeing from 6. Having lived with 7. Treating people 8. Not knowing 四、單元自測 第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)選擇 1.You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence. A. before B once C .until D. though 2.I like getting up very early in summer ,The morning air is so good _____ A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 3.Jumping out of ________airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____ Exciting experience A. / ; the B./ ; an C. an ; an D. the ; the 4.______ in his study , he didn’t know that all the others had left A. Buring B. Buried C. Buried himself D. He buried 5 I agree with most of what you said , but I don’t agree with_______ A. anything B. something C. everything D .nothing 6.____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are Making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. He had his left leg______ when trying to save one of his working mates From the fall of a wall A. destroyed B. wounded C. injured D. ruined 8.Although the working mother is very busy , she still _____ a lot of time to Children . A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 9.-----Are you happy with your new computer? ------No, it is _____me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing 10. After the traffic accident, no one ________except a few people who were Badly injured. A. survive B. survived C .was survived D. was surviving 11. Please put the bike _____ it belongs after you have used it. A. where B. to which C. what D. that 12.One of the young man’s paintings has been____ by some experts of the Art Field. A. high thought of B. well thought of C. highly thought D. good thought 13. Mary never does any reading in the evening A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesn’t D. nor does John 14.The employee you had been thinking highly ______dishonest A. of proving B .of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved 15 ----Did Jack _______having taken some books without telling anybody? -----Yes, he did. He said he took three books A. imagine B. allow C. attempt D. admit 第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分；滿分30分） 閱讀下面的短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 The professor’s house，big and untidy，stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for，quite 1 and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I 2 my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell. I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he 3 me right on all the 4 that had puzzled me. I was on the 5 of leaving when I looked out of his study window and said，“You’re very fond of gardening，I see.” “No，I’m not，” he said.“ 6 ，I love this garden，though. It’s 7 I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.” “It could be made lovely. It 8 a pity to let all this ground go to waste. But perhaps you don’t 9 that way?” said I “I don’t. I lived here when I was a child，and I had 10 of gardening then. It was my father’s hobby，you see. Unfortunately，he wasn’t 11 enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade（葉片） of grass was an enemy to be 12 by hand, not just cut off. I’ve spent a good part of life at work here.” “I see. You took a dislike to it, and now you’re getting even！” “I dislike it. Then, of course, I didn’t understand the 13 it had. It used to 14 me. It appeared in my dreams—a mistake here, something not quite straight here, the enemy showing its head in a place I was 15 to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.” “And now it’s yours，you’re just letting it go to... ” “ 16 ?” he said.“No，I don’t agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like 17 it grow 18 its own way. I make no demands on it. I never disturb it, and it never disturbs me. It has 19 at last, and so have I.” “But the path is over grown. It’s inconvenient for you，isn’t it?” “That’s part of my 20 ，” he laughed.“You can go out the back way. The weeds are shorter there because they don’t get the sun.” 1. A. wild B. crazy C. large D. nice 2. A. lost B. felt C. took D. made 3. A. let B. put C. taught D. explained 4. A. gardening B. plants C. problems D. solution 5. A. time B. point C. permission D. request 6. A. Even if B. So C. As though D. Even so 7. A. as B. where C. why D. whether 8. A. seems B. is C. proves D. sounds 9. A. recognize B. sense C. see D. know 10. A. fond B. short C. free D. enough 11. A. interested B. fit C. content D. demanding 12. A. fought against B. cleared up C. rooted out D. cut down 13. A. effect B. reason C. cause D. result 14. A. astonish B. shock C. worry D. disappoint 15. A. thought B. supposed C. ordered D. expected 16. A. Sell B. Develop C. Grow D. Ruin 17. A. noticing B. attending C. watering D. watching 18. A. on B. in C. with D. of 19. A. freedom B. time C. sunlight D. space 20. A. life B. pleasure C. job D. research 第三節(jié)． 閱讀理解 A Ice climb in London The huge ice skating area at Somerset House has been drawing crowds each winter for years, but last November an ice wall was added for the first time, bringing even more danger and excitement. Standing more than 26 feet high is a long line of pure ice, featuring three climbing faces of varying difficulty using crampons (防滑鞋), ice picks and ropes. Using it costs about ￡40 (020 78454600; www.somersethouseicednk.org.uk). It is open from late November to the end of January. Hang-gliding (懸掛式滑翔) in Rio De Janeiro According to the hang-gliders of Rio, once you've swooped (俯沖) over the city's streets, gazing at the Sugar Loaf, and the city of Niteroion, the other side of Guanabara Bay, you will understand why birds are peaceful animals. Accept the romantic idea on a 30-minute cycling flight from the 525-meter Pedra Bonita in the Sao Conrado mountain down to the Sao Conrado beach. It costs around ￡55. Contact Air Adventures (00 21 9843 9006; www.riohanggliding. com). Skywalk in Sydney This experience takes having a look at a nice view to the whole other level, as you are suspended more than 850 feet (260 m) above street level, controlled to a glass viewing platform of Sydney Tower. It's the city's highest building. After a thorough briefing and being fitted with protective skysuits, skywalkers make their way along two-purpose-built walkways and platforms, which have transparent floor, while a guide points out landmarks. Night time skywalks are also available. It costs ￡46. Mountain boarding in Leeds Riders roll down hills and fly off jumps, doing tricks. A number of special mountainboard parks have opened around the country (see www. ridethehill.com). But the Leeds body of the Boarding Society practice at least twice a week in the city in locations that include Roundhay Park. Those with their own boards are welcomed to join them. Contact the society at www.scuz.info. Alternatively, beginners can get lessons in Halifax at the Another World (01422 245196; www. Mountain boarding.co.uk) mountainboard center for ￡8 an hour, with equipment. 1. The purpose of the above ads is to ________. A. offer some ways to experience extreme sports B. help readers have different excitement during their holidays C. introduce the most exciting sports around the world D. introduce the latest sports in the world 2. Which of the following is open at night? A. Ice climb in London. B. Hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro. C. Skywalk in Sydney. D. Mountainboarding in Leeds. 3. What kind of feeling would you have if you went hang-gliding in Rio De Janeiro? A. Flying pe