八年級英語上冊 短語知識點 外研版

初二英語上冊短語知識點MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般現(xiàn)在時，第一、二人稱復(fù)數(shù)后跟動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動詞加's'/'es'。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用現(xiàn)在進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段時間, some day, next.用一般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)：will + v原 be going to +v原（沒有動詞用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般過去時動詞加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 every day每天, write down 寫下，記下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么樣 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常謝謝回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原.=why not+.V原 為什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助別人 help sb. (to )do sth.幫助某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的幫助help oneself to sth.請自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（現(xiàn)在沒有做，做過）watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear類似remember to do sth.想起記得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起記得做過某事forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事welcome back歡迎回來 , new term新學(xué)期this term這學(xué)期 , next term 下學(xué)學(xué)期,last term上學(xué)期, give you some advice給你一些建議, why not 為什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯錯誤,correct spelling正確的拼寫, what else?=what other things? 還有什么a piece of advice 一條建議, follow /take one's advice采用別人的建議,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄給某人 send for派人去請/取 send up發(fā)射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可數(shù))much(不可數(shù))許多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花費時間做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花費時間做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花費錢買某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花費錢買某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人錢 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付錢Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人時間 ask for 請求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一塊enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,這些詞語后跟動名詞形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面 else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格為else's.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold one's breath屏住呼吸, out of breath上氣不接下氣, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of 的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用三單, a number of =many,大量，許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 try to do sth.盡力做事 try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try not to do sth .盡力不做某事 try one's best盡某人最大的努力,a group of 一組，一群, borrow sth from sb.從某人處借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借給某人某物 keep借一段時間practice doing sth.,練習(xí)做做某事 come from=be from來自,look for 尋找, look after=care for=take care of照顧look up 向上看，查閱, look like看起來像,look at 看著, look on sb. as把某人看作, look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over檢查，翻閱 ,look out當(dāng)心，向外看 , look through仔細查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for為, be ready準備好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.準備做某事，樂意做某事 translateinto 將譯成，take a message捎個信， leave a message留個信，be good for 對有好處， be good at =do well in擅長于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅長 Think of 想起，think about想出， think over仔細考慮，else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where時放后，四說，1,speak說語言，2.say說內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰說，4,tell告訴，講述，四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生，風(fēng)景， 3,read看書，報，4,look就看。 看場電影要用see，讀書看報用read 電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,observe細觀察，一時注意用notice.make+賓語+補足語（形容詞）使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語+do 讓某人做某事make+賓語+過去分詞 使某人被怎么樣；make friends with sb.與某人交朋友，hear of聽說， hear from收到某人的來信， be bad for對有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.寫性格，品質(zhì)kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 對物的評價difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 給寫信， next to 在旁邊，do some concerts辦音樂會， speak to sb.和某人講話，say hello to sb. 給某人問好， say bye to sb.向某人說再見，show sb. around somewhere帶某人參觀某地， learn sth from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)choose the correct answers選擇正確答案, correct the mistakes改錯,match with把和搭配起來建議：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth.回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.MODULE2 現(xiàn)在完成時：1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或結(jié)果，常與recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still連用；2.表示發(fā)生在過去并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for+時間段或since+時間點連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：have(has)+過去分詞，get into=enter進入, what's the price of =how much is 問價格dream about夢到, dream of 夢見, around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb.與某人呆一起stay in bed呆在床上 , stay at home呆在家里,take off 脫下，起飛, land on/in /at 著路,all over China,全中國, take a seat =have a seat請坐 ,come ture實現(xiàn), fly to =go to .by plane(by air),坐飛機drive to =go to by car開車， walk to =go toon foot步行去sell out 賣光, at the end 在結(jié)束時, at the end of在盡頭/結(jié)尾 ,have been to去過（現(xiàn)在不在那兒） , have gone to 去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話地）everyday English日常英語， first price一等獎，The most exciting experience最激動人心的經(jīng)歷， before long不久，long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem沒問題，have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困難， work out a problem解決一個問題，invite sb to do sth,邀請某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀請某人去某地,one day,某一天，（過去或?qū)恚?some day某一天（將來） ,連系動詞，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感覺feel ，一保持keep，三變become,get turn，四起來taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容詞作表語。不定代詞：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，沒人everyone,everybody每個人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing沒事,everything一切事物，修飾他們的形容詞放后。different kinds of =all kinds of 不同種類的，各種各樣的， by the end of 到末為止，不遲于give a concert=give concerts舉辦音樂會， in the end =finally，最后，終于，take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 為某人做飯buy,makesuch+a /an +adj+單數(shù)名詞=so +adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little屬特殊，“小”用such,少用so.) 交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go.by+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽車只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on); walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go .by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,a kind of一種 , be kind to sb對某人友善 .since then從那時起，take off 脫下，起飛，請假, reckon=consider =regard =think考慮，認為,be reckoned (to be) ,被以為 reckon.as. 相當(dāng)于regard .as.把當(dāng)成 in the photo,在照片里go abroad,出國 be abroad,在國外 travel abroad,到國外旅行 sell out,賣光 sell to , 賣給某人 sell well賣得好 ,四個也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。go to sleep,去睡覺 the price of,.的價格，形容價格用high,low。sell sth at a high price,以高價出售， sell sth at a low price,以低價出售。yet ,用于完成時態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高興,would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已，用于完成時的肯定,； yet,用于完成時的否定和疑問； just,用于完成時 just now=a moment ago用于過去時, arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到達bring,從外往里拿， take ,從里往外拿， carry無方向, fetch往返拿,more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于alone,個體單獨，獨自； lonely,孤獨，寂寞，也表示荒涼，most of. .的大多數(shù), a visit to 對 .的參觀, on a visit to.,參觀. for a visit 參觀, pay a visit to ,拜訪 as .as.和.一樣 not as .as.=not so .as 不如,so .that如此.以致于.如果that后是否定,就可以用too.to轉(zhuǎn)換,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.be famous for 因.面著名(原因), be famous as以.身份或產(chǎn)地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜歡做某事,prefer to 更喜歡. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to 從.訪問返回, be named after 以.的名字命名,be proud of 以.自豪, be up to sb.由某人決定,up to 從事于,忙于, space station在太空站,show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物給某人看, on business出差,因.公事,在.的上面 over,在.上面,正上方,中間有段空間,反義為underon 在.上面,貼著物表,反義beneath, above在.上方,高出,反義belowin the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飛機,in the last three years在過去三年里,用于現(xiàn)在完成時,none 用于三個以上的全否定，反義為all；neither兩個都不，反義為both,the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.與分享某物MODULE4 get on /along with sb,與.相處, get on well with sb.與.相處融洽hear about ,hear of 聽說, in fact實際上,the Hope Schools,希望學(xué)校 look after=take care of =care for,照顧drop out of school,綴學(xué) take part in, 參加pay for ,支付,付錢 how long ,多長時間how soon,多久 get on badly with ,與.相處不好hear from sb.收到某人的信,電子郵件等 on the farm ,在農(nóng)場上in the last+一段時間,in th past +一段時間in the recent+ 一段時間,這三個用于現(xiàn)在完成時because of因為. , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物賣給某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb.給某人買東西 get an education接受教育,take part in=join參加, in good/bad health身體健康/不健康,care about關(guān)心,在乎, take care 當(dāng)心,how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,stop to do sth.停下來去做別的事, dress /undressr+人,put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,離隊,drop in 順便來訪, drop out of school 退學(xué) point at 指著, point to 指向,put on one's clothes穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在別人的幫助下without the help of sb.無人幫助的情況 at home and abroad在國內(nèi)外 非延續(xù)性動詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動詞：buy-have open-be open join -be in borrow-keep die -be dead leave-be away come here-be here go there-be there begin-be onfinish-be over make friends-be friends get ready-be ready buy-get /have arrive/get to /reach/come-be in be at /stay, put on-have on /wear get up-be up可延續(xù)性動詞不可以與for 或since 連用，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式也可以和for /since連用.other其他的，另外的，別的； another另一個人或事物；the other兩個中的另一個； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，別的人或物MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相當(dāng)于in the world,用在否定句中相當(dāng)于not .at all；a fan of ,.的迷 give a concert =give concerts,舉行音樂會be famous for ,因.而著名(后+人或物某方面的特點,特長)be famous as ,作為.而聞名(后+身份職業(yè)) at the age of =when sb.was.years old, 在.歲的時候not only.but also.不僅.而且(就近原則)上 classical music,古典音樂belong to ,屬于 sth belong to sb. 物屬于人across ,從一定范圍內(nèi)的一邊到另一邊,表面進行through,從中間通過或穿過,里面進行;over上方通過,不接觸表面;hear of 聽說, be born出生, go through穿過, I'm not sure我不確定, I'm sure肯定,make sb.+adj使某人怎么樣, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,take sb. around帶人四處走走, a piece of music一首樂曲,in addition to 除.以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him給某人買吉他,go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事, go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事,die of 患.而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer內(nèi)部原因,die from由于.,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,learn to do sth學(xué)做某事, learn from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí),Learn.by heart熟記,背誦, learn one's lesson from.從. 中吸取教訓(xùn),反意疑問句:1. 先斷"定",判斷是否定或肯定.如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等詞,則是否定,后面該用肯定.2. 后找"動",觀察前面的動詞,若含有或情態(tài)動詞直接用,若為實義動詞原形,用do,三單用does,過去式用did, had better用had3. 換代,主語定代詞,三單用he ,she ,it ,復(fù)用they we ; somebody,nobody 類似的用they,和thing一起的用4. 肯定祈使句，反問句部分可用will you /won't you ？否定祈使句，用will you ？5. Let's.用shall we? let us.用will you?,6. 在think,believe,suppose+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，疑問句部分與從句保持一致，同時主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中; 但第二，三人稱與主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you? /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he?即：當(dāng)主句人稱是一，從句是二時，看二；當(dāng)主句是三時，就看三。7. 回答只針對事實作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 給某人某物,give in投降,give up doing sth 放棄, give out 分發(fā),give a way to 對.讓步, on the earth在地球上,both.and既.又. 就近原則 neither.nor既不.又不,就近原則either.or要么.要么.there be, not only.but also就近原則,may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也許 In addition to .除.以外(還有) =besides, but 除.之外,常與否定意義詞連用,當(dāng)but前有do時but后接原形, except,除.之外(不包括)on holiday度假, of course=,sure當(dāng)然all types of呼種 , part time job,一份兼職工作on one's own獨自 , be led by由.帶領(lǐng) MODULE 6 過去進行時用法：1.表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和at that time,at 點yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的過去時間連用。2. 表示一個過去動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后,另一個動作正在進行或兩個延續(xù)性過去的動作同時進行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：was /were +V-ing go on 繼續(xù), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事),go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事(另一件事), go on with sth繼續(xù)做同一件事,但中間暫停過, How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近況如何? by the river,在河邊at this time yesterday昨天 的這個時候, in a tree=in the tree ,在樹上(外來物)on a tree =on the tree,在樹上,(樹本身的) smile at sb. 朝著某人微笑,laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉進,跌入fall off 掉下來, fall behind ,落后,跟不上fall in love with,愛上 be careful,小心by mistake由于出錯 at taht /this time在那/這時have nothing to do 沒事可做, nothing strange沒什么奇怪的，take sth. out of . 把.從.拿出來, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 感官動詞see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名詞或代詞+動詞原形(表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)后+名詞或代詞+Ving(表示動作正在進行)under th hedge在樹籬下面, go down下去, think about 考慮, think of想起，認為 ,think over仔細考慮, think out,想出think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事？be on 上演， go off熄滅，停，英語中當(dāng)幾個單數(shù)人稱同時作主語時，先后順序是“二、三、一”not .until直到.才.(主句中常用非延續(xù)性動詞)till/until直到.為止(主句中常用延續(xù)性動詞)something wrong with.,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,jump out of從.跳出來 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from .to,從.到.(動詞+Ving)when,while ,as的區(qū)別 當(dāng).時候When可與持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示"一段時間,"也可與短暫性動詞連用,表示"時刻".主句的動作可以與從句的動作同時發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生.如果主從句都是短暫性動詞時,只能用WhenWhile表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生.其從句的動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞,從句多用進行時態(tài),也可用表示狀態(tài)的動詞的一般時態(tài).如果主從句都是進行時,只能用Whileas與When同義,但as指主句的動作和從句的動作交替進行或同步發(fā)展.wear out 穿壞,穿舊,用壞, cheer up 使振奮;使興奮,follow one's advice聽從某人的建議, look into向.的里面看,stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事stop .from doing sth.阻止.做某事, what kind哪種,a kind of一種, all kinds of =different kinds of 各種各樣的,kind of =a bit=a little 有點, walk along沿著.走,by mistake 錯誤地，無意地, by oneself單獨，獨立地,by the way, 順便說 墻的表面用on，墻的內(nèi)部用inhave something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的東西 ,have nothing to drink沒有什么喝的東西 feel tired感到疲勞no one,一般不與of連用，動詞用單數(shù)，只指人，一般用來回答whonone ,可與of連用，動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指人或物，回答how many /how much引導(dǎo)的問句，以及含any+n 的一般問句Nothing，指物，動詞用單數(shù)，without doing sth.沒做，be tired=get tired累了，during the day 一整天，被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動詞的過去分詞變法：1主+謂+賓語.將賓語變作主語,將謂語變被動語態(tài),將主語變by賓語.2.主+謂+間賓+直賓 將間接賓語變作主語,謂語變成被動語態(tài),直接賓語不變.3主+謂+直賓+間賓+to或for 將直變主,將謂變被告,其余不變.by原主4.主+謂+賓+賓補 賓作主,謂變被,其余不變,by原主.5.主+謂+賓+賓補(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen to )變?yōu)楸粍訒r，后加to6. 主+短語動詞+賓語， 賓作主，短變被，其余不變,by原主.7. 帶有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要將to后來動詞變以被動8.被動語態(tài)的每種時態(tài)10用心 愛心 專心