Module 3《My First Ride on a Train》學(xué)案1（外研版必修1）

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111 111 高一英語經(jīng)典句型回顧（外研社） 1. ［課文原句］I live in Shi jiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. （Page 2）我住在石家莊,一個(gè)離北京不遠(yuǎn)的城市。 ［點(diǎn)撥］在本句中,a city not far from Bei jing 是 Shi jiazhuang的同位語。同 位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列于名詞或代詞并對前者加以說明的成份，近乎于后置定語。 如：We students should love our country. （students 是 we的同位語，都是指同一批 “學(xué)生” ）用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。同位語從句的先行詞多為 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用 that。如：They were all surprised at the news that the president was shot dead.對總統(tǒng)被槍殺這件事,他們 都很驚訝。 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］Information has been put for-ward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as ［解析］答案 B。實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)同位語從句，information 與同位語從句被 has been put forward分隔開來，that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句用來解釋 information的具體內(nèi)容。這句 話的意思是“有消息說，更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生將進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。 ” 2. ［課文原句］①There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late . （Page 12） ②This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. （Page 19） ③We saw abandoned farms, which were built more than a hundred years ago. （Page 23） ［點(diǎn)撥］以上三句用到英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)非常重要的語法現(xiàn)象——定語從句,也就是用來 做定語的從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,定語從句跟在 先行詞的后面,如句①中 students是先行詞，who 是關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系 副詞。選擇關(guān)系詞要根據(jù)其在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞菀约跋刃性~與從句中謂語的關(guān)系。關(guān)系 代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等；關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。定語 從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。觀察下面兩個(gè)句子：①The man who sat in the first row was our English teacher. （限制性定語從句） ②Mr. Zhang, who sat in the first row, was our English teacher. （非限制性定語從句）可以看出限制 性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，是先行詞不可缺少的定語；如果刪去，全句的意思 就會(huì)變得不明確。而非限制性定語從句在意義上是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語，對先行詞只 起進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明的作用；即使去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。在形式上，非限制性定語從句 與先行詞之間通常有逗號，而限制性定語從句與先行詞之間沒有逗號。在限制性定語從句 中，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)不能省略；做賓語時(shí)可以省略。在非限制性定語從句 中，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：①The man who won the match was awarded 1,000 Yuan. （who 在從句中做主語，不能省略） ②The man （ who / whom / that） I talked with is a famous artist. （who / whom / that 在從句中作賓語，可以省略）某些在從句中 充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的關(guān)系副詞 when, where和 why 等可以用“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié) 構(gòu)替換。如：This is the house where I lived three years ago. →This is the house in which I lived three years ago. ［點(diǎn)擊名題］Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ? A. he explained B. what he explained 111 111 C. how he explained D. why he explained ［解析］答案 A。reason 在定語從句中作賓語，省略了關(guān)系代詞 which / that。 3. ［課文原句］She’s very strict —we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to. （Page 12）她非常嚴(yán)厲——我們一個(gè)字都不敢說，除非她讓我們開口。 ［點(diǎn)撥］這是一個(gè)由 unless 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 unless相當(dāng)于 if . not,如： We will go to picnic tomorrow unless it rains （= if it doesn’t rain）. 除非明 天下雨，否則我們將去野餐（如果明天不下雨,我們將去野餐） 。注意不要把 unless引導(dǎo)的 從句的肯定式謂語寫成否定式。 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］______ something unexpected happens, I will go shopping with you tomorrow. A. Unless B. If C. With D. As long as ［解析］答案 A。如果沒有意外，明天我會(huì)和你一起去購物。 4. ［課文原句］It is interesting to look at differences between schools in different countries.（Page 12） 看不同國家學(xué)校之間的區(qū)別是很有趣的事情。 ［點(diǎn)撥］這是含有 it 形式主語的句子，真正的主語是 to look at differences between schools in different countries。這種句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是 “It + is / was +形容詞 /名詞+不定式” 。這樣，可以避免句子頭重腳輕。其他的常見結(jié)構(gòu)還有：It is/was+形容詞 /名詞+動(dòng)名詞如：It is no good sleeping too much.It+is/was+形容詞/名詞+that 從句 如：It is unbelievable that he didn’t pass the exam. ［點(diǎn)擊名題］_____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It ［解析］答案 D。that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句是真正的主語,需要填的是形式上的主語。 5. ［課文原句］What do you think the central part of the country is like? （Page 22）你認(rèn)為這個(gè)國家的中部怎么樣？ ［點(diǎn)撥］本句型是一種復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：特殊疑問詞+ do you think + 陳述句，從語法角度講，do you think 是插入語。無論疑問詞在句中做什么成分，特殊疑 問句都用陳述語序。如： Where do most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? Do you think? →Where do you think most of the people live, in the central part of the country or on the coast? where在句子中做狀語， “do most of the people live“要改為陳述語序。但是： Who is the best student in your class? Do you think? →Who do you think is the best student in your class? 因?yàn)?who在句子中做主語，所以語序不必改變。 ［知識拓展］ 1）適合以上句型的動(dòng)詞除 think 外，還有 believe, consider, suppose, imagine, guess 和 suggest 等。如： What do you suppose has happened there? When do you guess I get up every morning? 2） 插入語結(jié)構(gòu)是高考?？嫉木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)，中學(xué)課本中出現(xiàn)的插入語結(jié)構(gòu)還有： （1） 單詞型插入語。如：however, luckily ／happily （for sb.）, personally, though等。如：Personally, I prefer to the red one. （2）短語型插入語。如：Strange to say, worse still, in other words, in one’s opinion, in fact, of course, generally speaking, judging from.to make things worse等。如：Generally speaking, girls study harder than boys. （3）插入句。如：I think, do you consider, that is to say, what’s more 等。 111 111 如：You are wrong, and what’s more, you are on purpose. （4）省略型插入語。如：if not better than ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ （1） John plays football ______, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as （2） ______ you have seen both fighters, ______ will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think ［答案］B。if not better than 是插入語。 （2） D。since 意為“既然“。 6. ［課本原句］It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.（Page52） ［點(diǎn)撥］as well 副詞短語,與 too同義，常置于句尾。 ［知識拓展］also, too 及 either與 as well表示“也“時(shí)的用法辨析： （1）also 用于肯定句中，通常放在 be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面，或者放在行為 動(dòng)詞前面。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的前面。如：I went to Peter’s birthday party and Jack was also there. I can also sing English songs. （2） too比 also更通俗，更口語化，常置于句尾，可用逗號與主句隔開。如：He comes from America, and she too. （3）either 只能用于否定句中，且只能置于句尾。如： —I don’t like outdoor sports. —Me either. ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ （1）It was not an easy decision for her to make, as it would affect her future study in university and her future job ____. A. though B. as well C. either D. at the same time —Since you can’t find a better job, why don’t you stick to the present one? —Well, ______. A. I might as well B. I can’t care C. never mind D. I believe not ［答案］ （1）B （2）A 7. ［課本原句］This is the first time I’ve visit-ed your hometown. （Page 32）這是我第一次來你的家鄉(xiāng)。 ［點(diǎn)撥］ “This / It is the first / second / . / last time + that從句”表 達(dá)的意思是“這是第一/二/……/最后一次做某事” ，其中 that引導(dǎo)定語從句，可以省略。 需要注意的是：主句使用 is，定語從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主句使用 was，定語從句用過去完 成時(shí)。如： （1）This is the third time this week that she has been late for work. 這是 她本周第三次上班遲到了。 （2） It was the second time last year that I had been to Beijing. 去年,我 第二次去北京。 ［知識拓展］It is time for +名詞/代詞；It is time （for sb.） to do；It’s time + that 從句（從句使用一般過去時(shí),time 前可以用 high, very等修飾。 ） （1）It’s time for class. = It’s time to have our class. 到上課時(shí)間了。 111 111 （2）It’s （high） time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 該是 我去學(xué)校接我女兒的時(shí)候了。 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］That was the first time that I ____ his home last year. A. had been to B. have been to C. has gone to D. had gone to ［答案］A 8. ［課本原句］Pretty hot and wet in the summer, but it can be quite cold in winter. （Page 32）夏天又熱又潮濕而冬天可能會(huì)很冷。 ［點(diǎn)撥］情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can可以表示推測,如：It can’t be too cold in Guangzhou in winter. 廣州的冬天不會(huì)太冷吧。 Even experienced doctors can make such mistakes. 即使有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生也會(huì)犯這樣 的錯(cuò)誤。 ［知識拓展］情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示猜測 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測,用法 如下： （1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測。如：I don’t know who she is, and she may be a friend of my brother. （2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況的推測。如：At this moment, my mother must be preparing for the supper. （3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)表示對過去情況的推測。如：The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. （4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對過去正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。如：Your family must have been worrying about you when you were ill. （5）推測的否定形式用 can’t或 couldn’t如：Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.注意：could, might表示推測時(shí)沒有時(shí)態(tài)意 義，其推測的確定程度不如 can, may。 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? —No, it ____ be him —I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not ［答案］A 9. ［課本原句］When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different sub stances, for example, water and oxygen.（Page 44 ） ［點(diǎn)撥］for example = for instance 意思是“例如” 。用來舉例說明，位置比較靈 活，可位于句首、句尾或句中。 ［知識拓展］ 英語中用來舉例說明和列舉事物的詞或詞組還有：such as, such . as, like, that is （to say）, namely 等，用法如下： such as = like用來列舉事物，且列舉的只是部分，不是全部。如：Cold-blooded animals such as （like） snakes and frogs have to go to sleep in winter. such . as = such as 二者表達(dá)形式不同,但用法和表達(dá)的意義相同。如： Such poets as Keats and Shelley were famous all over the world.= Poets such as （like） Keats and Shelley were famous all over the world. that is （to say） = namely 用來列舉事物，所列舉的內(nèi)容是前面提到的人或物的 全部。I have three good friends, that is （namely）, John, Jack and Tom. Only one boy was absent, namely （that is） Harry. 111 111 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ （1）Many subjects, ______ Chinese, math and English, are taught in the school. A. namely B. such as C. that is D. such like （2）My uncle knows three foreign languages, _______ English, French and Japanese. A. for example B. for instance C. such as D. that is 10. ［課本原句］I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools . （Page 49） ［點(diǎn)撥］used to do表示“過去常做，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做某事” 。to 是不定式符號，后 加動(dòng)詞原形。詞組本身沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。其否定形式為 didn’t use to do或 used not to do。疑問句常用 Did sb. use to do.? 或 Used sb. to do .? ［知識拓展］ 在英語中與 used to do用法容易混淆的短語有： 1）be / get / become used to sth. / doing習(xí)慣于……此短語中的 to是介詞,其 后加名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing 形式；be 有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如： You’ll soon be / get / become used to our new way of living. I have been used to rice （eating rice）. She is used to living in the country. 2）be used to do sth. ……被用來做某事 也可以說成是 be used for sth. / doing sth.。此短語的主動(dòng)形式是 use sth. to do / for doing sth.“用……做某事” 。如：I use a knife to cut bread. （主動(dòng)形式） A knife is used to cut bread.（被動(dòng)形式）或 A knife is used for cutting bread. 3）be used as “作為…… 被使用”可以和 be used for doing sth.轉(zhuǎn)換。如： During the war, the castle was used as a prison / for keeping prisoners. ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ （1）The River Nile _____ flood large areas, but now the water of it ______ produce electricity. A. was used to; is used to B. used to; used to C. used to; is used to D. was used; is used （2）The old man used ______ in front of his house and he has got used to _____like that. A. to sit; doing B. to sitting; do C. to sit; do D. to sitting; doing 11. ［課本原句］The more books I read, the more information I learn. （Page 47） ［點(diǎn)撥］the more ., the more .“越……，就越……” ，表示一方隨另一方程度 的變化而變化。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級前一定要加定冠詞,但兩分句可以用不同的形容詞的比較 級形式。如：The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 ［知識拓展］形容詞和副詞比較級的其他用法。結(jié)構(gòu)一：“no more . + than （= neither . nor.） ”表示對兩個(gè)比較對象都進(jìn)行否定。如：I’m no more clever than you. （ = Neither I nor you is clever.） 結(jié)構(gòu)二：“not more . + than”表示在程 度上前者不如后者。如：Your book is not more interesting than mine.你的書不如我 的書有趣。 111 111 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, ______. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped D. you are equipped the more for life 12. ［課本原句］It’ll be a lot heavier than magnesium. （Page 47） ［點(diǎn)撥］a lot“非常，很，相當(dāng)” ，可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞比較級。 ［知識拓展］形容詞比較級前可以用 much, still, a lot, far, rather, any, a little和 a bit等修飾，用來表示比較的程度如何。如：My father is a bit taller than I. ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ （1） You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move ______? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far （2） —Are you feeling ______? —Yes. I’m fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better ［答案］ （1） B （2） D ［答案］ （1） C （2）A ［答案］B ［答案］ （1） B （2） B 13. ［課文原句］When Zhou Kai’s mothers saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.（Page2） ［點(diǎn)撥］ 此句中的 heading 是動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。head 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意 思是“向某方向前進(jìn)” 。感官動(dòng)詞 saw后接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，意為“看到某 人正在做某事” 。 ［知識拓展］ 表示視覺（see, notice, watch, find, observe） ，聽覺（hear）等的 感官動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示看見或聽見某個(gè)事件或動(dòng)作在繼續(xù)，在 進(jìn)行。 ［點(diǎn)擊名題］ 1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ［答案與解析］ 1. A 此題考查動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。第一空要用 missing 作定 語,意思是“丟失的，不見了的” ；后一空感官動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式，表示別人最后 看到小孩時(shí)，他正在玩耍，故答案選 A 。 2. B found后要求接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故答案選 B。 111 111 111 111