2013高考英語 單選全攻破 第二單元 第一部分 單項選擇題型考點簡介與命題趨勢

高考單項選擇題考點大家可能都知道,研究歷屆高考題,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些考點是每年必考,有的考題幾乎是如出一輒,格式一樣(或幾乎一樣),形式一樣,內容相似.單項選擇題考點透析1、命題原則突出語篇、強調應用、注重實際、體現(xiàn)能力2、備考考點動詞和動詞短語、時態(tài)和語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、定語從句、情景交際是重點。冠詞、代詞、句型和慣用法是考查的新趨勢。主謂一致、非謂語動詞、倒裝、強調和疑問句等是重難點(考查基本)，但分值不大。形容詞、副詞的級別及詞性間的轉化、連接副詞、關聯(lián)詞、介詞等考量不大。3、備考知識正確分析句子類型(簡單句、復合句和并列句)正確分析句子類型是正確理解題干、作出正確選擇的關鍵。掌握核心結構，準確獲取題干信息。通讀題干，全面理解語境。結合生活實際和生活常識進行推理。注意文化差異。4、解題方法和技巧研究擬題意圖，對癥下藥句子結構分析找信息詞，求最佳答案結構分析，簡繁轉化(還原法)如：下句：Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride; ride B.riding; ride C.ride; to ride D.to ride;riding題干實際上是個倒裝句，將其還原成正常形式為：He always prefer_ a bicycle rather than _ on a crowded bus.這樣我們就很清楚地看出該句考查的句型是：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.結構，因此最佳答案應是C.5、常見解題失誤不能擺脫母語干擾。不能擺脫思維定勢不注意分析題干忽略關鍵信息詞忽略(空格前后)附加信息。(1)冠詞1. I wonder what it feels like to be one of _ really rich. The Brows already have Rolls Royce and now they are buying_ third. 仿04NMET(I)-24A.the; the B.不填; a C.the; a D.不填;the2.-What do you think about_ dress in the shop window?- Oh, it's beautiful. She will be pleased if she can have it as_ birthday present. 仿04NMET(I)-24A.a; a B.a; the C.the; a D.the; the3.On November 11, 2004, Palestinians learnt that Yasser Arafat, _ symbol of their struggle, died in _ Paris hospital. 仿04NMET(I)-24A.a; / B.the;a C.a; the D.the; the4.-It's reported that nearly 150,000 people lost their lives in Asian tsunamis(海嘯).-Yes, _ news came as _ shock to me. 仿04NMET(I)-24A.the; a B.the; the C.a; a D.a; the5.-How many people are still leading _ life under _ poverty line in the world?- Perhaps one fourth. 仿2004NMET(IV)-35A.the; 不填 B.a; the C.a; a D. 不填; 不填(2)代詞6.-It is said that Jack is very rich and goes to work in his own new car every day. What is he?- _, I am not sure.A.Somebody of a manager B.Something of a managerC.Anyone of a manager D.Anything of a manager仿04遼寧卷-24 / 04NMET-35/ 04江蘇卷-21 / 04浙江卷-33 / 04福建卷-22 / 04重慶卷-31 / 04廣東卷-27 /04湖南卷-217.As they are retired, Mr and Mrs Scott prefer a house in the country to spend their late years to _ in a large city. 仿NMET(III) -34A.like B.it C.one D.that8.-Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert? 仿04四川卷-32-Yes. But I don't like _ when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don't like.A.this B.that C.those D.it9.-Excuse me, where's the tea-room ?-It's right over there. Can I help you with_? 仿04湖南卷-21- No, thanks.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything10.-Can you come on Monday or Tuesday ? 仿04北京卷-21- I'm afraid _ day is possible.A.either B.some C.neither D.any11.-What's the difference between the first house and the second ? 仿04浙江卷-33-The first house has a garage while the second has _.A.no one B.nothing C.neither D.none(3)形容詞、副詞極其級別12.The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying_here. 仿04廣西卷-33A.asmuch three times B.much as three timesC.twice times much D.three times as much13.-We are leaving on June 15. 仿04江蘇卷-32-So why not come to spend _ days with us? I'm serious.A.all these last few B.these all last fewC.these last few all D.all last these few14.She looks more beautiful when she wears her_ skirt. 仿04江蘇卷-32A.green tight new silk B.new tight green silkC.silk new tight green D.tight silk green new15.It's too late to go out now. _ , it's starting to rain. 仿04NMET(I)-35A.Meanwhile B.However C.Besides D.Anyhow16.This pair of shoes doesn't look good, but that pair is _ better, I think.仿2004湖南卷-27A.rather B.less C.even D.hardly(4)動詞短語積及動詞詞義及辨析17.Shopping online can_both convernience and choice, but not _ websites aresafe enoung for shopping.仿04湖南卷-34A.charge;either B.supply; any C.offer; all D.provide; both18.-When shall we start?-Let's _ the time for the trip. What about 8:30? Is that all right? 仿2002北京卷25A.set B.meet C.make D.take19.- Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday ?-Thank you. I'd love to, _ I'll have to finish all my homework before the weeked, otherwise, my parents won't let me go. 仿2002北京卷27A.because B.and C.so D.but20.Now Robert, a football fan in our class, _ rome of his daily allowance given by his parents in order to buy a new football. 仿04重慶卷-26A.is giving away B.is throwing awayC.is putting away D.is taking away21.John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _ all his trousers to his measure.A.let out B.give away C.bring in D.make up 仿04湖南卷-3022.-Those shoes won't_for mountain-climbing.-_this pair be OK?A.help;Shall B.work; May C.do;Will D.get;Would 仿04湖北卷3623.Bill , often regarded as one of the best students in his class , _ to be student who cheated in the exam. 仿04浙江卷-25A.came out B.let out C.sent out D.turned out24.I hadn't intended to get much from the business I ran the first year, while it _ so well. 仿04浙江卷-25A.went out B.carried out C.made out D.turned out25.He took pity on the people in the flooded-areas and _ his clothes and quilts to them. 仿03北京卷23、NMET-2001-26A.gave away B.gave out C.sent out D.threw away26.He might have_ his idea about the art at the exhibition much better if he had planned what he wanted to say. 仿2002北京春招-33A.carried out B.worked out C.thought out D.made out(5)時態(tài)和語態(tài)27.-Remember the first time we_ , Ed ? 仿04四川卷-25-Of course, I do. You _ a song on the stage.A.have met;sangB.met;sangC.met;were singingD.have met;have sung28.-I'm sorry, but there's no smoking room in this section on the train.-Oh, I _ that, and I won't smoke again.A.don't know B.won't know C.didn't know D.haven't known29.Hi, Bill. I _ you _ in this city. How long have been here? 仿04福建卷-21A.didn't know; were B.don't kow; are C.haven't known; are D.don't know; were30.-Sorry, Mum. I've lost my pen again.-I_ it ! You never remember to put your things away after using them.A.knew B.know C.have known D.will know仿04NMET-22 / 04遼寧卷-28 / 04重慶卷-23 / 04浙江卷-23 / 04江蘇卷-34 / 04福建卷-21 / 04湖南卷-3131.-Has Tom finished his job yet? 仿04四川卷-25-I have no idea of it; he _ it this morning.A.has been doing B.had been doing C.did D.was doing32.I should very much like to have gone to the party, but_. 仿04湖北卷-33A.I'm not invited B.I won't be among the invitedC.they won't invite me D.they didn't invite me33.He has much money at the beginning of every month, but by the end of it he_ have little left.A.can B.will C.must D.should仿04NMET(I)-2234.Sally_ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. 仿04NMET(II)-25A.wrote B.has written C.was writing D.had written35.-Has Tom finished his composition yet?-I have no idea, he _ it this morning. 仿04福建卷-21A.would write B.has written C.wrote D.was writing36.-Why were you not at the concert last night ?-Oh.I _ for a friend from Europe at the airport. 仿04福建卷-21A.watched B.have been watching C.was watching D.had watched37.Many new workers _ trained and in two months they will _ to build a new railway.A.are; be sending B.are being; be sent 仿04北京卷-22C.are; send D.will be; be to send38.I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I succeeded _. 仿04NMET(IV)-32A.first all B.in all C.at all D.after all39.- What were you up to when she dropped in ? 仿04天津卷-28-I _ for a while and _ some reading.A.had played; did B.played; didC.had played; was going to do D.was playing; was going to do40.- Have you telephoned your father ? 仿04NMET(II)-34- Yes. He _ back next year.A.expects B.is expected C.will expects D.will be expected1-5:CCBAB 6-10:BCDBC 11-15:DDABC 16-20:DCADB 21-25:ACDDA 26-30:DCCAA 31-35:DDBCD 36-40:CBDCB 第二章 高考單選題命題趨勢I. 高考英語單項選擇題命題趨勢:1.Easy-approaching近幾年高考單項填空題基本體現(xiàn)了“知識化，語境化和交際化”的特點，沒有出現(xiàn)以前所謂的偏怪難題。題干大部分比較靈活簡短，語境自然。這是第一個特點?！纠縒e forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we2.Wide coverage with highlights考查點的覆蓋面越來越廣泛，但又做到了重點突出。這主要體現(xiàn)在復合句和非謂語動詞的考查及名詞和動詞用法的考查上。【例】_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten3.Being situational試題的立意由簡單直接的“結構立意”轉向復雜間接的“情景立意”。試題設置的語境明確，交際情景多是發(fā)生在學生學習或日常生活的真實情況?！纠? Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. _.A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired4.Complicated structure題干變得較長，題干句的語義結構趨于復雜化，語言信息量越來越大，但是有效信息由外現(xiàn)轉為隱藏。這主要體現(xiàn)在非謂語動詞和動詞時態(tài)的考查上?！纠縏he biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B cant C. neednt D. mustnt5.Large vocabulary語義辨析和語義識別題越來越多，不但加強了對語義的考查，而且加重對詞匯擴展能力的考查?！纠緾hina has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledgeII. 命題趨勢分析總結：1）純語法的試題會減少；2）基礎知識考查的覆蓋面會越來越廣；3）語境會更加突出；4）注重考查學生綜合運用英語能力及邏輯推理能力；5）加大詞義辨析（特別是動詞和動詞短語辨析）的考查。III. 高考單項分類突破1.辨析型單項填空辨析型單項填空題是指通過對試題選項中的詞匯短語的形式和意義進行辨析，從而根據(jù)句子的意義對選項作出正確的判斷和選擇。此類題型往往考查對名詞動詞代詞形容詞副詞介詞及短語意義和應用的辨析。1）詞義辨析【例1】The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled 【例2】Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _ to, and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems. A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive2）詞性辨析：【例1】_ had I done it when I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. Mostly D. Nearly【例2】_ I meet Mary in the street, she will greet me with a smile.A. Before B. Surely C. Each time D. For3）短語辨析：包括：動詞與不同的介詞副詞搭配；介詞短語搭配等?！纠?】It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out【例2】- Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _. - So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished upC. divided up D. closed up2.結構型單項填空考查考生對英語句子結構的把握情況。表現(xiàn)：句子某些成分的省略；標點符號的識別；倒裝或插入其他成分使句子前后分離等，因而引起句子結構的變化，擾亂考生對句子成分的判斷。1）有省略的復合句-補全法由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動詞的省略，致使考生對不定式狀語產生誤解。答題方法：盡量把省略部分補全，這有助于正確地確定答案。【例1】 - What made you so happy ? - _. A. Because of my passing the exam B. I passed the exam C. Because I passed the exam D. My passing the exam【例2】 - Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where2）標點符號提示： 由于受漢語習慣的影響，考生往往不注意標點符號，從而弄錯句子結構。 【例1】Mary, _ here - everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming【例2】Soon they came to a farm house; _ roof was much higher than the others. A. which B. whose C. that D. its【例3】I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3）插入語的影響-簡化法有些句子插入了某些成分，從而使句子結構支離破碎，造成考生對句子結構的誤解。解決方法：去掉插入語或附加的次要成分，就會迅速地找到答案。【例1】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped【例2】E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play3.邏輯型單項填空考查范圍：主謂一致，意義一致，人稱一致，謂語動詞和邏輯主語一致等。【例1】_ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given【例2】_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete4.語境型單項填空在一定的語境進行語法知識和語言知識的考查，是近年高考試題中常見的題目，這就要求考生一定要以語境為切入點，認真思考，仔細分析，確定正確答案?！纠?】- Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didn't; will【例2】- Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. - Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need5.交際型單項填空考查范圍：問答情況，請求與建議，表示祝愿，道歉，感謝，表達意見，觀點等。【例1】- Bill, can I get you anything to drink? - _. A. You are welcome B. No problem C. I wouldnt mind a coffee D. Doesnt matter.【例2】- Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. - _. A. Id love to B. Im with you on that C. Its up to you D. Its my pleasure【例3】- Ken, _, but your TV is going too loud. - Oh, Im sorry. Ill turn it down right now.A. Id like to talk with you B. Im really tired of thisC. I hate to say this D. I need your help【例4】Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _, it is ten years since we met lastA. In a word B. Whats more C. Thats to say D. Believe it or not6.其它解題方法注意連詞的提示有時一個連詞會使句子結構發(fā)生改變,因此答題時要注意題干中的連詞.【例1】 His teacher kept on telling him that he should read English in the morning, but _ didnt work.A. he B. which C. it D. all【例2】_ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave轉化法所謂“轉化法”就是把有些復合句、被動句、疑問句、倒裝句、感嘆句、強調句等轉化為便于理解的簡單句、主動句、陳述句等。1）將疑問句轉化成陳述句【例】Whom is it up to _ the matter?A. decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided2）轉被動句為主動句【例1】Time should be made good use of _ our lessons well. A learning B learned C to learn D learns【例2】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented. 3）將強調句式轉化成一般句式【例】It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless4）感嘆句轉化為陳述句【例】 what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A. what reasonable B. How a reasonable C. How reasonable D. What a reasonable5）將倒裝語序轉化成正常語序【例】Here is a note book, in which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written6）刪除附加結構,將復雜句轉化成簡單句 【例】John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as7）將先行詞還原到定語從句中【例】The study you have been making _ the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job.A. to B. for C. of D. from8）還原省略成分【例】If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, notIV應試策略1）做題時，要認真研讀題目，尋找關鍵的信息詞、詞組或句子。切忌死摳語法條條框框，要注意上下文的關系，根據(jù)題干所提供的語境來確定最佳答案。2）做題時，要仔細分析，正確理解，通過調整語序或簡化句子找到設問角度，弄清命題意圖。3）做題時，要結合語境，注意慣用法和固定搭配，既要注意同義詞（組）間的語法差異，又要注意它們之間的意義差異。4）做題時，要研讀題干，搜索出盡可能多的“時間參照信息”，尤其是隱含于信息中的動詞時間信息。發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析這些信息是解決問題的關鍵。V. 復習策略1）全面學習掌握語法基礎知識。2）突出重點，不要平均用力。詞法方面：動詞及動詞短語辨析，動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)，非謂語動詞；句法方面：復合句是重點，三大從句及關聯(lián)詞的使用是高考熱點，也是復習的重點。3）注重在語境中運用知識。特別是詞義辨析題，必須放在語境中去熟練運用。有了語境的襯托，單詞短語的用法便會一目了然。