2016高考英語二輪復習 閱讀理解（十一月）練習（4）

閱讀理解（4）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)     Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.     Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.     MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.     Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBICs and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MESBICs for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.D Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?A The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBICs through sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBICs.D Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement                  執(zhí)行，履行2.growth-oriented                  增長潛力的，有發(fā)展性的3.intermediary company            中介公司，中間公司4.venture capital                  風險資本5.entrepreneur                  企業(yè)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)者6.fluctuation                  波動，漲落，起伏7.pragmatically                  實用地難句譯注1.      Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【參考譯文】甚至在這個計劃執(zhí)行后15年，少數(shù)民族工業(yè)的收入還不到全國總收入的2。2.      Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【參考譯文】最近，聯(lián)邦決策者采取一項措施，旨在加速少數(shù)民族工商業(yè)的發(fā)展，他們不再直接幫助小型的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)，而是轉(zhuǎn)向通過中間公司來支持規(guī)模較大、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ纳贁?shù)民族公司。3.      By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府資助的風險資本。4.      The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【參考譯文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供資金、進行指導。這些企業(yè)是有成為贊助公司的未來供應商或客戶的潛力的。5.      MESBIC minority enterprise small business investment company 少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司。6.      MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【參考譯文】MESBIC的建立基于這種信念：為已建公司提供方便，使它更容易獲得相關的管理技術更具體的工作經(jīng)驗以及大筆資金要比簡單地給予一般管理經(jīng)驗和小筆資金更能使它們獲得機會去建立穩(wěn)固的商業(yè)基礎。7.      The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【參考譯文】后者高級經(jīng)理們在有大多數(shù)情況下，仍然常常從“社會責任的角度”來考慮問題，因此，他們似乎更傾向于選擇那些比正常投資標準更具風險性，而不太引人注目的項目。寫作方法與文章大意     文章主要采用因果以及對比的寫作方法。先點出SBA計劃聯(lián)邦政府對少數(shù)民族去也的贊助（）的失敗及其原因。     為此，聯(lián)邦決策者改變方法，通過中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)使其獲得相應的管理技術、具體工作經(jīng)驗和大量資金，甚至潛在的市場取得了成功。     可內(nèi)部存在問題，MESBIC的職工和領導者之間的意見分歧，職工的投資觀點更切實際，而領導者仍從“社會責任的角度”來考慮問題，若不改變，有可能重蹈SBA之覆轍。答案詳解1.      A 運用MESBIC來幫助少數(shù)民族企業(yè)似乎比原來SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一開始就點名SBA（小型企業(yè)管理局）向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供聯(lián)邦保證貸款，政府資助管理和技術方面的幫助，結(jié)果令人失望。組建成的少數(shù)民族新企業(yè)由于管理上缺乏經(jīng)驗、地點不佳、資金短缺而導致失敗的情況很多。其他見難句譯注1、2、3?？傊贛ESBIC支持下：為它的潛在市場提供大量資金等，使它們在地點和市場流通方面風險小的多，從而帶來足夠的收入和保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。這一切都說明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的領導者和職工方面在觀點上有著至關重要的分歧。C.經(jīng)歷了早期管理和市場問題后，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)已開始穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。D.希望組建新公司的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家已有好幾個成功的聯(lián)邦計劃可依靠。2.      D 依靠打工四向少數(shù)民族企業(yè)投資。見第二段第二句：大公司利用政府資助的風險資本參與成功而又穩(wěn)固的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的發(fā)展。參與的大公司用這筆資金建立了“少數(shù)民族小型企業(yè)投資公司”（MESBIC）A.尋求為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場聯(lián)邦合同。B.鼓勵少數(shù)民族企業(yè)為其他少數(shù)民族企業(yè)提供市場。C.試圖在少數(shù)民族部門保持特定的增長率。3.      C 預期加入SBA項目中的公司的失敗率比實際失敗率低得多。文內(nèi)沒有直接點出，而是從（見第一題注釋）SBA幫助的企業(yè)失敗率很高令人失望，從而推斷C項結(jié)論。A.給企業(yè)貸款最高期限為15年。B.商業(yè)貸款對企業(yè)來說遠筆管理和技術幫助重要。D.鼓勵接受貸款企業(yè)重新尋找利于企業(yè)發(fā)展的地區(qū)。4.      B 為的是引人注意這一實際情況：MESBIC必須取得足夠的資金才能有效地運轉(zhuǎn)。這在第三段最后一句：在經(jīng)歷了早期財政和運行問題后，贊助公司給MESBIC注入的資金遠遠超過了50萬美元的法定最低限額，以獲得足夠的收入并保持所需的管理質(zhì)量。MESBIC現(xiàn)在正成為日益重要的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的資金來源。這說明沒有足夠的資金是難以有效運轉(zhuǎn)的。A.擴大討論范圍以包括通過贊助公司投資MESBIC的合理性。C.表明贊助公司愿意在原來的MESBIC只投資50萬政府資助的風險資本。D.對比SBA和MESBIC最低投資限額。5.      A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的職工一般是拉美和黑人專業(yè)人員在少數(shù)民族公司的投資上比MEBSIC的領導者更切實際。這些高級經(jīng)理從社會責任角度看問題，會選擇更具風險性，不太吸引人的項目。觀點分歧使許多少數(shù)民族職工感到不安，他們認為應以公司的業(yè)務爆出來評價少數(shù)民族企業(yè)家及其企業(yè)。者充分說明MEBSIC的職工對領導所青睞的投資項目不滿意和失望。B.漠不關心。C.震驚。D.持保留態(tài)度。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·南京市二模，A)Dear Sir，I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students' parttime jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one singlecase is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldn't disagree with me at this point)The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we can't expect them to act as a mature adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Parttime jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a singleparent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think it's also an education to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.In conclusion, I would add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much moreabout myself, other people and life in generalif he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I don't mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and parttime jobs could be balanced.Yours faithfully，Margaret Williams文章大意：本文是寫給報社編輯的一封信。在信中，作者表達了對該社最近發(fā)表的關于“青少年不應該做兼職工作(打零工)”這篇文章的反對，并給出了自己的理由和見解。1Which of the following is true according to the letter?AParttime jobs help teenagers develop social skills.BAll young people doing parttime jobs are intelligent and honest.CChildren in singleparent families should not do part time jobs.DThe writer did parttime jobs when she was at school.答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，A項“打零工能夠幫助孩子培養(yǎng)社會技能”表述正確。B項在文中沒有涉及；根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，C項錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，D項錯誤。故答案選A。2What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?ATaking some parttime jobs to help their family.BDoing their academic learning heart and soul.CWasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.DDoing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者認為現(xiàn)在很多孩子都將時間浪費在看肥皂劇、玩游戲或去迪廳等娛樂上面了。故答案選C。3What can we learn from the letter?AThe writer of the letter is doing some parttime jobs.BAn article against teenagers' doing parttime jobs was published.CTeenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.DThe writer of the letter is a teenager from a singleparent family.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，社論中就兩個年輕人在送報紙的兼職工作中的不誠實行為做了很多評論，不贊成年輕人做兼職工作，故可推斷出報社刊登的文章應是一篇“反對青少年做兼職工作”的文章。故答案選B。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·合肥市二模，C)Traditional businessmen feel worried that growing ecommerce will reduce their share of the market.According to a survey, 90% of some people's purchases are made on the computer. As they find that by being able to go online and choose the things that they need to choose, and have them delivered right to their doorsteps, they could no longer be bothered with driving, the crowds, the noise of that, and they usually get a better selection.Cornell University Marketing Professor, MeLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing, as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place. Oftentimes, you need that last sense of “this is exactly what I want” before you part with money. And you can't always get that online. It's a rather cold process.As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.文章大意：本文為一篇議論文。越來越流行的網(wǎng)購嚴重沖擊著傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)市場，那么傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)怎么能夠留住顧客呢？對此本文專家給出了幾點建議。4Traditional businessmen feel upset because _.Aconsumers can get a better selection by shopping onlineBmore and more people purchase things on the computerCpeople like to have their goods delivered to their houseDgrowing online sales will cut their share of the market答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Traditional businessmen feel worried that growing ecommerce will reduce their share of the market.”可知，答案D符合文義。5According to McLaughlin, some traditional stores are keeping customers by _.Aproviding customers with extra servicesBinviting customers to try on clothingCdelivering goods to each doorstepDrepairing computers and electronics only答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的最后一句“He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.”可以推知，答案A“給顧客提供額外的服務”符合文義。6From the 4th paragraph, we know that _.Aonline shoppers tend to be cold to each otherBthe process of shopping online is full of emotionCsome shoppers like the social climate in traditional storesDmaking buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy.”可知，答案C符合文義。7What is the author's attitude towards the future online commerce?ADoubtful. BOptimistic. CSympathetic. DConcerned.答案：B作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.”可知，作者對網(wǎng)上購物持樂觀態(tài)度，故答案B符合文義。