2013高考英語 經(jīng)典陷阱題大串講 非謂語動(dòng)詞

2013高考英語經(jīng)典陷阱題大串講·非謂語動(dòng)詞 1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make【陷阱】容易誤選C，受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式 to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說明。此句的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說明句子主語 purpose 的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題（答案選B）：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provideB. to provideC. providingD. provided2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tiedB. being tiedC. tied D. having tied【陷阱】容易誤選B?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。從意義上看，hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D。在A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦硪饬x，在此與語境不符?，F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較：B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說 his hands being tied 的實(shí)際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，這顯然與語境不符。而C為過去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請(qǐng)看下面一題：Anyone _ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.A. findsB. foundC. being foundD. will find答案選B而不選C，其中的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。比較下面兩題，最佳答案是D不是A，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行：(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _.A. arguedB. to be arguedC. to be arguingD. being argued(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _.A. turnedB. having turnedC. to be turnedD. being turned3. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flight D. flying【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镈。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因?yàn)锽、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆?dòng)詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語 will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語。4. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)空白處均應(yīng)填不定式?！痉治觥空_答案為B，因?yàn)?get used to與pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事object to doing sth反對(duì)做某事stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事get down to doing sth 開始做某事take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事admit to doing 承認(rèn)做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的時(shí)間用于(奉獻(xiàn)于)做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣5. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buyB. buyingC. on buyingD. in buying【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為insist后不能接不定式，但可以接動(dòng)名詞?！痉治觥看鸢笐?yīng)選C。其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)閕nsist 通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；若語義上需接賓語，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on upon (doing) sth；但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過其賓語通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他堅(jiān)持送她回家。I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅(jiān)持要他留下。6. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type【陷阱】容易誤選D，根據(jù) have sth to do 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)推出?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荁。確實(shí)，在“have+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語 I 來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語 you來完成的，而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下個(gè)星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。7. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put【陷阱】容易誤選B或C，誤認(rèn)為這考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法?！痉治觥空_答案選A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 為四并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致。類似地如(答案選A)：I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station.A. paidB. payingC. to payD. having paid但是，下面一題稍有不同：Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openedD. left; lay opened此題答案選B，leaving 在此表結(jié)果，lying open 與其前的動(dòng)詞leave有關(guān)，leave 后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態(tài)中。8. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well.A. be, to doB. was, doingC. be, doingD. was, to do【陷阱】容易誤選B?！痉治觥科鋵?shí)正確答案是A。分析如下：(1) 第一空填 be，是因?yàn)閕nsisted 后接that從句，從句謂語要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should也可省略。(2) 第二空要填to do，是因?yàn)榇司渲^語為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，假若將此句轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語態(tài)，則是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of to do sth (利用做某事)這一結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，還有 make the most of (盡量利用)，make the best of (盡量利用)等短語也可能用于此類試題。請(qǐng)看以下類似例子：(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.A. to buildB. buildingC. buildD. built此題答案選 A，不是 B。為便于理解，可先考慮以下結(jié)構(gòu)：make use of every part of the materials to build the power station由此可見，make use of 的賓語是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 為目的狀語。(2) Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense?A. makingB. to makeC. how to makeD. having made此題答案選B，不是A。句子主語是 the way，you thought of 是修飾主語的定語從句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修飾主語的定語，也就是說，句子主語帶有兩個(gè)定語修飾語。9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。 【分析】答案選A。此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)分析如下：(1) that they would like to see _ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語從句。(2) 由于 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞 carried out。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題：(1) Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have goB. to have to goC. to have goneD. having to go在確定答案之前，我們先來看看下面這個(gè)句子：I think Id like to have a boy go with me. 句中的 go 要用原形，這是因?yàn)槠淝坝斜硎臼挂鄣膭?dòng)詞have。在此句中，假若對(duì)名詞a boy 提問，便可得出：Who do you think youd like to have go with you?對(duì)照上面一題，答案很顯然是A。(2) Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. make washB. make to washC. make washingD. making to wash在做此題之前，也請(qǐng)先看看下面這個(gè)句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若對(duì)句中的名詞Jack 提問，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面題答案為A。(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _ your house all by myself.A. found B. findingC. to findD. for finding此題答案選B?？疾榈幕窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。