初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析

初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析（一）時(shí)間：2009年05月20日    作者：匿名    來源：博客 【名師講解】1. Maybe/ may be(1) maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”，常用作狀語。Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來嗎？”“也許不”。(2) may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與be動(dòng)詞搭配一起作謂語，意思是“也許是，可能是”。It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點(diǎn)到達(dá)。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也許是律師。2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use(1) borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西，即我們通常所說的“借進(jìn)來”。We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書館借書。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。borrow是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，因此不能與時(shí)間段連用。You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 錯(cuò)誤 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 錯(cuò)誤 )(2) lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說的“借出去”。Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。lend與borrow一樣，也是一個(gè)瞬間完成的 動(dòng)作，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。(3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，因此可以與時(shí)間段連用。You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機(jī)你可以借用三天。I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。(4) use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講，但它的本意是“用，使用”。May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎？He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。3. leave/ leave for(1) leave意思是“離開，留下”。We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機(jī)落在出租車?yán)锪恕?2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。4. since/ for(1) since用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，既能用作介詞，也能用作連詞，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意思是“自從”。He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個(gè)城市，他就是工人了。I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自從我們上次在上海見過之后，我再也沒見過他。since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思。Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你對(duì)它感興趣，那就做吧。You can have fun now since youve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課，就開心玩會(huì)兒吧。(2) for用于完成時(shí)，用作介詞，后常接一段時(shí)間，意思是“經(jīng)過”。I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因?yàn)椤?。They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。5. neither/ either/ both(1) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為“兩者都不”，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them. 他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。neither用作形容詞，也修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思與作代詞時(shí)相同；用作連詞時(shí)，一般與nor搭配，表示 “既不也不”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我們星期天都不踢球。(2) either作代詞時(shí)，是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個(gè)，故作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.She doesnt like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時(shí)相同.Either school is near my home. (這兩所學(xué)校中的)任何一所學(xué)校都離我家很近.Either question is difficult.兩個(gè)問題(中的任何一個(gè))都難.either作連詞時(shí),一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一，意思是“不是就是”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則。Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對(duì)的。Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。(3) both作代詞時(shí)，指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。I like both of the stories.這兩個(gè)故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。both作形容詞時(shí)，用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時(shí)相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了。Both these students are good at English. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都擅長(zhǎng)英語。both用作連詞時(shí)，多與and搭配，表示“既又, 不僅而且”, 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。They study both history and physics. 他們既學(xué)歷史，又學(xué)物理。6. find/look for/ find out(1) find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，意思是“找到”。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺”的意思，后可接賓語從句。Jim couldnt find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎？He found the lights were on along the street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了(2) look for的意思為“尋找”，指的是找的動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果。另外，還有“盼望，期待”的意思。She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。Weve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。(3) find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接較抽象的事物，意思是“找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）”等。I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰拿了我的錢。Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設(shè)法知道飛機(jī)何時(shí)到嗎？7. forget to do/ forget doing(1) forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了，即該事還沒有做。Please dont forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了。(2) forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情，即該事已經(jīng)做了，但被忘記了。He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了。They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。8. stop doing/ stop to do(1) stop doing是指停止做某事，即doing這個(gè)動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)。They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。（不辯論了）He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通燈變成了紅色，他不得不停車。(2) stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，開始做do這個(gè)動(dòng)作。She stopped to have a rest.她停下來休息會(huì)兒。（開始休息）They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。9. except/ besides(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開不談”,表示兩部分的不同。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)）All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外還、除之外又”，表示兩部分的相似性。Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英語外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語都喜歡）besides還可用作副詞，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外，他還是一位政治家。They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.他們不僅鼓勵(lì)我，而且與我以金錢上的支持。10. keep doing/ keep on doing(1) keep doing指的是連續(xù)地、堅(jiān)持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷。It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了。The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。(2) keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅(jiān)持做某事，但動(dòng)作之間略有間隔。They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他堅(jiān)持講話。11. seem/ look (1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來”。The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的。(2) look用作“看起來；好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。The room looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。12. such/ so(1)such常用作形容詞，用來修飾名詞。Dont be such a fool.別這么傻。He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。(2) so是副詞，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。He is so kind! 他真好心！Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚？當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so。He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。Only so little time is left! 才剩這么一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間！13. either/ too/ also(1)either用作“也”時(shí)是副詞，常用于否定句句尾。She is not a Japanese, Im not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。My sister doesnt like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾，表示“也”。He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國。Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級(jí)嗎？(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句，但一般位于句中。We are also students.我們也是學(xué)生。He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎？14. if/ whether在下列情況下只能用whether而非if：(1)與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether.We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我們想知道你是否生病了。Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.請(qǐng)告訴我們你是否完成了工作。(2)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，只能用whether.Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亞當(dāng)不知道是走還是留。He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進(jìn)晚餐。(3)所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在主句之前時(shí)，只能用whether.Whether it will rain or snow, we dont mind. 我們不在乎將要刮風(fēng)還是下雨。Whether I won or lost, she didnt want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。(4)引導(dǎo)主語從句或表語從句時(shí)，一般用whether.The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經(jīng)走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會(huì)和我一起去還是個(gè)秘密。if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether沒有此用法。Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我們要進(jìn)行足球賽。Ill tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。If youre in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險(xiǎn)，請(qǐng)撥打110。15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take(1) cost一般用某物來做主語，表示“（某物）值、花費(fèi)”，既能指花費(fèi)時(shí)間也能指金錢。The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會(huì)花費(fèi)你整整一周時(shí)間。cost 還可以用作名詞，表示“成本、費(fèi)用、價(jià)格、代價(jià)”等。Whats the cost of this TV set? 這臺(tái)電視機(jī)的成本是多少錢？They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。(2) spend一般用某人來作主語，表示“（某人）花費(fèi)，付出”，也能指時(shí)間或金錢，指時(shí)間時(shí)常與in搭配，指金錢時(shí)常與on或for搭配。We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時(shí)間修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。(3) pay用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般也以某人作主語，但一般指花錢、付款等，很少用來指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。常與for搭配使用。They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學(xué)費(fèi)。pay還可以用作名詞，意思為“薪水、工資”等。Its hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。(4)take也指“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢)”，但通常用某事、某物做主語，或用形式主語it.How long will the meeting take? 會(huì)議要開多久？It took me several hours to get there. 我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)才到那兒。16. bad/ badly這兩個(gè)詞的意思含有“壞、糟、嚴(yán)重”等意思，且它們有共同的比較級(jí)worse和最高級(jí)worst 。(1) bad是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“壞的，糟糕的，差的，嚴(yán)重的”。I dont think he is a bad person.我并不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)壞人。I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。(2)badly是一個(gè)副詞，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意為“嚴(yán)重地，非常，極度”。We need help badly.我們急需幫助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷了。17. interested/ interesting(1) interested是指“對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣的，對(duì)感興趣的”，一般用人做主語，后常用介詞in.He was interested in biology before.他以前對(duì)生物感興趣。Im not interested in art.我對(duì)藝術(shù)不感興趣。(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。He is an interesting old man.他是個(gè)有趣的老頭。The interesting story attracted me. 這個(gè)有趣的故事吸引了我。18. dead/ die/ death/ dying(1) dead是形容詞，意思為“死了的、無生命的”，表示狀態(tài)，可以與一段時(shí)間連用。The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 這些兔子都是死的。(2) die是動(dòng)詞，意思為“死、死亡”，是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。(3) death是名詞，意思為“死亡、去世”等。The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年，紀(jì)念館建成了。His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。(4) dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞，用作形容詞，意思是“垂死的、即將死去的”。The doctors have saved the dying man.醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了?！久麕熤v解】1. be able to/ can(1) 都能表示“能夠，具備干某件事的能力”這個(gè)含義，此時(shí)可以互換。Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。(2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式為could。We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。(4) Can除了表示“能夠，有能力做某事”以外，還有如下用法，而be able to 則沒有。表示請(qǐng)求，但語氣沒有could委婉Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎？Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開學(xué)校嗎？表示可能性。That man cant be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我們的新老師。The exam cant be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難。2. bring/ take/carry/fetch(1) bring一般是指拿來，即從別處往說話人這里拿，翻譯成“帶來”。He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息。Please dont forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。(2) take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿，翻譯成“帶走”。Please take the umbrella with you. Its going to rain.要下雨了，請(qǐng)把傘帶上。She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。(3) carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，表示“攜帶、背著、運(yùn)送、搬扛”等意思。They carried the boxes into the factory. 他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠。A taxi carried them to the station. 出租車送他們到了車站(4) fetch表示的是“去取來、去拿來、去叫來”等意思，包含去和來兩趟。The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果。Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來了醫(yī)生。3. whole/ all(1) whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一，互不分割的整體。The whole country is suffering the war. 整個(gè)國家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。whole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠詞和指示代詞的之后。They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.他們將到加拿大渡過整個(gè)假期。（所有格后）She has finished writing the whole book. 她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。（冠詞后whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）。He ate the whole cake. 他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕）(2) all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的“全部”。Miss Green knew all the students in the class.格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人。（一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí)）all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。（所有格前）Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠詞前）The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題。（指示代詞前）all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)），又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。（修飾可數(shù)名詞）She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）4. fill/ full(1) fill常作動(dòng)詞，與with連用，意思是“注滿、裝滿”，也能表示“填空；補(bǔ)缺”的意思。He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。(2) full是形容詞，翻譯成“滿的，裝滿的”，常與of連用。此外還能表示“完全的”和“吃飽的，過飽的”。All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了，他只有等下一輛。5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into(1) be made of表示"由制成", 一般指能夠看出原材料，或發(fā)生的是物理變化。This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。(2) be made from也表示"由制成"，但一般指看不出原材料，或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。(3) be made in指的是產(chǎn)地，意思為"于制造"。The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.我媽媽喜歡買中國產(chǎn)的東西。(4) be made into的意思為"被制成為"。This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳。The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。6. none/ no one/ neither(1) none既能指人，又能指物，意思是"沒有一個(gè)，無一"，常用作代詞，與of連用。None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個(gè)人以前聽說過他。I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜歡。none用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。None of the answers is true.沒有一個(gè)答案是正確的。None of the rooms are mine.沒有一間房子是我的。(2) no one只能用來指人，且不能與of連用。No one is absent.沒有人缺席。I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)。no one用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。No one agrees with you. 沒有人同意你的說法。(3) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為"兩者都不"，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Neither of the boys is from England. 這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。7. found/ find(1) find的意思是"找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)"，其過去式和過去分詞都是found.I can't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了。He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自坐在這里很沒勁。(2) found是另外一個(gè)詞，與find并沒有關(guān)系，意思是"成立、建設(shè)"，常用作及物動(dòng)詞。The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國成立于1949年。The school was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?. hear / hear of/ hear from(1)hear的意思是"聽見；聽說，得知"，后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。We heard the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個(gè)消息。Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎？(2) hear of的意思是"聽說"，一般指非直接的聽見，而是聽別人說的。后不能接賓語從句。I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她。They heard of the film long time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影。(3) hear from的意思是"收到來信"，與"聽"無關(guān)。I often hear from him. 我經(jīng)常收到他的來信。He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了9. send/ send for(1) send意思是"送往，派遣"，還有"發(fā)信，寄信"的意思。The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到國外學(xué)習(xí)去了。Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。(2) send for意思是"召喚；派人去?。慌扇巳ツ?quot;，而非本人親自去。They have sent for a repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)了一名修理工。She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花。10. get to/ arrive/ reach(1) arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn)，用arrive in ; 若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn)，用arrive at .The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團(tuán)將于下午5:00到達(dá)北京。It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候，天已經(jīng)黑了。When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么時(shí)候到這兒的？（副詞前省略介詞）(2) reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息。reach還有"伸手去取，伸手觸及，聯(lián)絡(luò)"等意思。Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎？He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。(3) get在表示"到達(dá)"時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)與to搭配使用。We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂。-【名師講解】1. think/ think/about/ think of(1) think 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示"思考"， 接that 賓語從句時(shí)意為"認(rèn)為"，"覺得"。I am thinking how to work out the problem.I think she is a good student.當(dāng)賓語從句含有否定概念時(shí)，通常形式上否定think ，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。I don't think he can come.I don't think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一個(gè)名詞，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句，意思是"考慮"。I have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3)think of 表示"認(rèn)為"， 一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用。What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?2. big/ large/ great上述形容詞都表示"大"，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。(1) big指具體事物的大小，強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大，既可用在普通場(chǎng)合，也可用在正式場(chǎng)合。它可用來指人的身材高大或"長(zhǎng)大了"，還可表示"偉大"，"重要"之意。如：Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2) large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大，指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性，重要性， 優(yōu)越性；常用于抽象或無形的東西；用于有形的東西時(shí)，常帶有"偉大"，"大得令人吃驚"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：China is a great country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay(1) cost表示"花錢"，花費(fèi)，付出（只能用于錢、精力、生命等；主語必須是物。）The book cost me five yuan.(2) take的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。It took me five yuan to buy the book.(3) spend，在主動(dòng)語句中主語是人I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.(4) pay的主語是人。I paid five yuan for the book.4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí)，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格"高"，而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格"低"。(1) expensive昂貴的，花錢多的。這個(gè)單詞若談到"價(jià)格高，貨貴"時(shí)，其主語不能是價(jià)格，必須是貨物、物品本身。如：This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。注意：cheap表示"價(jià)廉"，"便宜的"，其主語也不能是價(jià)格，必須是物品本身。如：The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示價(jià)格時(shí)，含義是"高"，low在表示價(jià)格時(shí)，含義是"低"，這兩個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身，只能用在價(jià)格上。如：The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價(jià)格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價(jià)格對(duì)我來說是不低。下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照：The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改為：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )5. alone/ lonelylonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：(1)lonely用作形容詞，意思是"孤單的；寂寞的"?？芍感撵`上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是"單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自"，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。6. before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前”或“好久以前”。如：We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。(2)long before 作"很久以前"講。原意為"以前很久"，故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí)，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。7. as/ when/ while(1)as 是連詞，意思是"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，一面一面"，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)），如：As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正當(dāng)我們談?wù)?quot;泰坦尼克號(hào)"這部電影時(shí)，教師進(jìn)來了。The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。(2)When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候"（一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生）；"那時(shí)"（等立連詞，前有逗號(hào)分開）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時(shí)天開始下雨了。(3)while是"當(dāng)時(shí)候；和同時(shí)"（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)）While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候，他正在看書。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。8. beat/win/ hit(1)beat 是動(dòng)詞，意思是"連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打"。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是"擊敗對(duì)手。"如：I can beat you at swimming.(2)win意思是"贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目"，后面常接"match, game"。如：He won a game. 他勝一局。We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。(3)hit意思是"擊中"（有時(shí)可表示"打一下"）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示"持續(xù)不停地做某事"或"持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)"。如：The girl kept crying all the time. 那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)。(2)keep on doing 表示"總不斷做某事"，不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如：It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10. get/ turn/ become這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用，表示狀態(tài)的變化，后跟表語，但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化；turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化；而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如：The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter冬天的白天越來越短。She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red她回答不出問題，臉紅了。When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?？十年前?1. steal / rob從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思；從搭配上來講，steal sth from sb/sth ;而ro