一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別辨析

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1、初中英語楊娜,百位名師技能大賽,Winter has already come, 春天已經(jīng)來了， Will it still be far in spring? 冬天還會遠(yuǎn)么？,Winter has already come,現(xiàn)在,完成 時態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時的含義：用來表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系： 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. 他們已經(jīng)離開。也就是說他們現(xiàn)在人不在那里。 I have had my lunch. 我?guī)捉?jīng)吃午飯了，也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓。 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動

2、作或狀態(tài) He has learned English since 2001. 從2001年開始學(xué)的，現(xiàn)在還繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢。,現(xiàn)在完成時 Past future now 一般過去時 一般過去時表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是從過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作、狀態(tài)，或者發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較 （1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 I saw this

3、 film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了） I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）,（2）一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用； 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語： yesterday, last week, ago, in 1990, in October, just now ---具體的時間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語： for, since, so far, ever, never, yet, till/until, up to now, In the p

4、ast few years, recently, just ---模糊的時間狀語 句子中如有過去的時間副詞（如yesterday, last week）時， 不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, study, work, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 She join

5、ed the League three years ago. (加入的動作不是延續(xù)的） She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)） She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）,He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他【做了一件事：那就是】去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他（曾經(jīng)）去過上海?！驹谒?/p>

6、生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷，但他人 肯定不是在上海而是回來了】 He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了【也許剛動身出發(fā)，也許已經(jīng)到了，也許還在路上， 反正他人不在這里】 He has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他人在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)十年了【現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢】,,辨析這些句子 由于時態(tài)導(dǎo)致的 含義上的差別,延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (重難點(diǎn)） 1. He died ten years ago. ---He _____ _____ _____ for ten years/ since ten years ago. 2. H

7、e borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ---He _____ _____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the bike a month ago. ---He _____ _____ the bike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. ---He _____ _____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. ---The light _____ ______ _

8、____ for 2 hours.,has been dead,has kept,has had,has been,has been on,6. He left here 2 years ago. ---He _____ _____ _____ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ---The film _____ _____ _____ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. ---The door _____ _____ _____ for an hour. 9. They close the door an hour ago. ---The door _____ _____ _____ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. ---He _____ _____ a soldier for a year. ---He _____ _____ _____ the army for a year.,has been away,has been on,has been open,has been closed,has been,has been in,