《讀后續(xù)寫》PPT課件.ppt

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1、高考英語新題型 讀后續(xù)寫 傳統(tǒng)高考英語試卷中的寫作部分多為命題作文， 對考生的想象創(chuàng)造思維多有限制。作為考試改革 的一部分，新題型的引入可望促進語言教學實踐 良性發(fā)展 。 讀后續(xù)寫題型具有較好的效度和信度 。 讀后續(xù)寫要求學生在理解一篇不完整文章的基礎 上，充分調動想象創(chuàng)新思維，大膽預測文章缺失 部分的內容走勢，進行充滿個性色彩的設計，并 用英語進行續(xù)寫表達。該題型的啟用在培養(yǎng)學生 的綜合語言運用能力（尤其是閱讀和寫作）和思 維品質（尤其是想象能力和創(chuàng)新精神）方面將發(fā) 揮積極作用，這完全符合國家考試改革的理念和 課程標準的要求。 一、讀后續(xù)寫的要求和特征 （一）讀后續(xù)寫的要

2、求 讀后續(xù)寫任務要求考生在一段 350詞以內的語 言材料基礎上，根據(jù)該材料內容、所給段落開頭 語和所標示關鍵詞進行續(xù)寫（ 150詞左右），將 其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結 構完整的短文。續(xù)寫部分分為兩段。原文給出 10 處左右的標有下劃線的關鍵詞語，所續(xù)寫短文應 使用 5個以上 。 （二）讀后續(xù)寫的特征 考試說明中評分原則部分規(guī)定，讀后續(xù)寫閱 卷時按 5個檔次給分。參考最高檔次第五檔（ 21- 25分）的描述并考慮寫作部分評分的其它因素， 可以認為一篇優(yōu)秀的讀后續(xù)寫具備以下特征： 1. 內容豐富充實，與所給短文融洽連貫； 2. 連接成分應用得當，

3、行文結構緊湊一體，與所 提供各段落開頭語的銜接緊密合理； 3. 使用并用下劃線標示 5個以上短文中標出的關 鍵詞語； 4. 詞匯豐富高級，語法準確多變（主被動句式、 各類從句、特殊句式、非謂語動詞等的使用情況 靈活恰當、不拘一格、游刃有余）； 5. 詞數(shù)充分， 150詞左右。評分細則規(guī)定少于 130詞的，從總分中減去 2分； 6. 拼寫準確，英式或美式拼法皆可； 7. 標點合理，使用得當。 二、讀后續(xù)寫的步驟 讀后續(xù)寫的過程主要包括定位（ Determine）、 分類 (Divide)、設計 (Design)、初稿 (Draft)、核 查 (Check)等五個步驟

4、（簡稱“ DDDDC”）， 具體如下。 （一）定位 第一個步驟，是通過閱讀定位所提供語言材料的 核心信息，包括核心單詞、短語和句子等，目的 是梳理內容的發(fā)展脈絡和推進方向。本步驟的關 鍵在于高效的閱讀，要求學生在盡可能短的時間 內，基于對某種語言的掌握，利用分析綜合、分 類比較、歸納演繹、抽象概括等邏輯思維技能， 調動知識體中的有關部分，去洞穿語篇的文脈肌 理，積極尋找信息。 考試說明并未對讀后續(xù)寫材料的體裁做出 明確說明，僅描述為“一段 350詞以內的語言材 料”，但王初明（ 2012）給讀后續(xù)寫下的定義 是“閱讀一篇未完的故事，并隨后將它補全”， 而且考試說明中的樣題也是記敘

5、文，因此， 可以推測，所給短文的體裁應以記敘文為主，要 尤其關注記敘文的篇章結構和信息重點（人物、 情節(jié)、環(huán)境、人稱、描寫手段、主題意蘊等）。 （二）分類 第二個步驟，對原文給出的 10個下劃線關鍵詞語 進行分類，目的是在第三步驟設計情節(jié)時對其靈 活地使用 。 對于記敘文，分類標準可以采用人物、 動作、時間、地點、具體名詞和抽象名詞等。 （三）設計 第三個步驟，參考分類后的 10個下劃線關鍵詞語， 設計出與上下文內容連貫、豐富充實、自然流暢、 引人入勝的情節(jié)走勢。頭腦風暴出核心詞（以名 詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等內容詞為主）即可， 無需完整句子。在設計過程中，應充分考慮以下

6、 幾點。 1. 續(xù)寫第一段的內容設計既要考慮與上文的融洽 銜接，同時也要考慮本段和最后一段開頭語的呼 應和銜接，而后者是容易忽視的部分。簡言之， 第一段的內容設計要成功搭建本段與前文、后文 的橋梁。 2. 續(xù)寫第二段是文章的結尾，要關注與文章開頭 的遙相呼應，根據(jù)具體語境弘揚感情的真、人性 的善或拼搏的美，從而凸顯主題，升華精神?？?慮利用抒情和議論等表達方式使得畫龍點睛之處 能夠表露文章深處蘊涵的主題意蘊、思想感情或 人生哲理。 3. 靈活運用各種描寫手法，以幫助打造鮮活靈動 的人物形象和豐富充實的情節(jié)鏈條。以動作描寫、 語言描寫和心理描寫為主，輔之以恰當?shù)耐饷裁?寫和環(huán)境描

7、寫。情節(jié)的推動主要靠動作描寫，要 完整描繪每一動作的前因和后果。語言描寫包括 獨白和對話，可以反映人物情感、行為動機、或 預示和推動故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。心理描寫聚焦于在 某一境況下人物的內心活動，可以細膩地展示人 物跌宕起伏的心路歷程。外貌描寫和環(huán)境描寫的 使用應根據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展和主題表達的實際需要。 （百度百科，動作描寫；語言描寫；心理描寫； 外貌描寫；環(huán)境描寫）。 （四）初稿 第四個步驟，按照情節(jié)鏈條進行初稿的撰寫。此 過程應注意以下幾點。 1. 分析原文語言表達方面的顯著特征，觀察有無 直接引語、各類從句、特殊句型、非謂語動詞等。 通過模仿和創(chuàng)造，盡量提高與原文的協(xié)同，力求 在各個

8、語言層次（關鍵詞、短語和句型等）的表 達風格上和原文保持一致。 2. 先在頭腦里組織整個句子的語法結構和內容走 勢，然后動筆書寫，從而下筆流暢、整潔美觀， 避免字字艱難、反復涂改。 3. 對詞匯的選擇務必字斟句酌、精挑細選。文章 是語言文字編成的織錦，詞匯是構成文章唯一的 材料，是文章的色彩和音色，要確保圍繞主題之 下的詞匯使用在理性思維引導下能夠豐富多彩和 恰當合理。 （五）核查 第五個步驟，核查連接詞、下劃線標明原文給出 的 5個以上關鍵詞語、詞數(shù)、語法詞匯、和標點 等五個方面。核查有無連接詞的使用；如無，應 增添連接詞，以保持上下文的銜接和連貫。核查 是否使用下劃線標

9、明原文給出的 5個以上關鍵詞 語。字數(shù)控制在 150-160詞范圍內為佳。最后通 讀全文核查標點和語法詞匯。 以上五個步驟和評分第五檔（ 21-25分）的要求 是相互對應的。五個步驟的逐個實施可以確保滿 足評分第五檔在四個方面的要求。 三、范例分析 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構 一個完整的故事。 注意： 1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為 150左右； 2. 應使用 5個以上 短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語； 3. 續(xù)寫部分分為 兩段 ，每段的開頭語已為你寫好； 4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用 下劃線 標出你所使用的關鍵 詞語。 接下來，我們將運用上述五個步驟來進行讀后續(xù)寫。

10、 A Faithful Friend Neil loves to travel and he was so fond of forests. Whenever he plans for a holiday, he would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature. To celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and enjoy the celebration in woods, located at the lap of a mountain. He w

11、ith his family and friends, reached the village located near the woods and had his stay in the cottage. The cottage was located at the entrance of the dense forest, where the guests can see wolves wandering in the nearby place. Neils son saw a dog at the door and offered him a biscuit. The dog

12、was happy and very soon the little son befriended the dog. On second day, the birthday of the boy was celebrated grandly in the woods within beautiful nature. The dog did not leave the boy even for a minute and they both became close friends. The next day, Neil, his wife and others decided to

13、go for hunting in the forest and arranged a babysitter to take care of the little boy for half a day. After 3 hours, all of them returned to the cottage and they seemed very tired. The cottage was open and nobody was there. The dog saw Neil and others, it rushed to them and licked (舔 ) Neils sho

14、es. Neils wife was shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth. Paragraph 1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood- spattered mouth._____________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Paragraph 2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the ba

15、bysitter rushed out of the room._________________________________ ______________________________________ ___________________________________ 一、 Read and answer the question (3mins): 1. Why did Neil choose such a place for their holiday? A. because its scenery is beautiful. B. because the vil

16、lagers are kind. C. because he likes nature very much. D. because he loves different tastes. 2.What does “ befriend” mean in para 3? A. make friends with B. be similar to C. be familiar with D.be friendly to 3.Why was Neils wife shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth? A.

17、because she did not know what happened. B because she thought something dangerous happened to her son. C.because she was scared of the dog. D. because she was timid. 二、 Grammar: Neil is a gentleman 1_________ (have) a lovely family, with his wife and a little son, who loves to travel an

18、d is especially fond of forests and woods. Whenever he plans 2_________a holiday, 3 __________ would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature.4 _________ celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and enjoy the birthday celebration in woods,5 _________ (locate) at the lap of a mou

19、ntain. The cottage was at the entrance of the dense forest, 6 _______ the guests can view animals wandering in the nearby place. having for he To located where 7 ___________the natural scenes were beautiful, the local villagers warned the guests to watch 8 __________ because there may be 9 _______

20、___ (wolf) living in the forest. Soon the little boy played with a dog happily as if they 10 __________ ( know) each other for a long time. Although/ Though out wolves had known 1.Tor F: Neil is a gentleman has a lovely family. =Neil is a gentleman who has a lovely family. =Neil is a gentlem

21、an having a lovely family. 2.Translation: 蘆湖公園位于高青縣中部。 Lu Hu Park is in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park lies in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park is located in the middle of Gaoqing county. 3.Translation: 盡管他很年輕，但他知道很多。 (although /though// as) Although / Though / While he i

22、s young, he knows much. Young though / as he is, he knows much. 4. Soon the little boy plays with a dog happily as if they __________ ( know) each other for a long time. knew 三、 Discussing for Writing A short story : where when who what how why 1.Who? Neil and his family, inclu

23、ding his wife and his little son; his friends; a babysitter; 2.Where? A cottage in the woods (forest) 3.What ? Neils family and his friends celebrated his sons second birthday 4.How many animals are referred to in the text? What are they? Two, dog and wolves. 5.What qualities will you r

24、emember when you think of dogs? loyal ,fainthful(忠誠的 ), friendly(友善的 ), lovely,cute(可愛 ), smart(敏捷 ), intelligent, clever(聰明的 )... Good points 6.What qualities will you remember when you think of wolves? tricky (狡猾的） cruel（殘忍的） aggressive （進攻性的） snaky (陰險的 )... Bad points Par

25、a1. Everyone was shocked to see the blood--- spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. 1. Why was everyone shocked? Because they saw the blood-spattered mouth 2. Why was the dogs mouth blood- spattered? Maybe something dangerous happened to the babysitter or the little son, especially the little son----he wa

26、s hurt or he was killed... More questions about the first paragraph: Para2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room. 1.Whats the truth? How about the dog? the little son? the woves? The dog tried its best to protect the little son, fighting against the w

27、olves, accounting for its blood-spattered mouth. The little son was safe, and the wolves were killed or escaped. 2. Whats the main idea of this para? The truth of the story. 3. Who saw the truth? The babysitter saw the scene. Attention: 1. 5處劃線； 2.有邏輯地大膽預測； 3. 抓住每段的關鍵詞； 4. 兩段間是否

28、有邏輯關系； 5.注意字體和卷面 Para1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood- spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. They started to beat the dog. The poor dog screamed in pain, which was wounded badly soon. Neil could not believe that the dog seeming to be friendly should be so fierce and even killed his little son. Hi

29、s wife cried sadly while calling the name of the little son. Para2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room. She was surprised why they were beating the dog, so she cried to make them stop. Then, she explained that the dog saved the boy when he was about to be att

30、acked by some wolves wandering around the cottage. The dog fought with the wolves and finally killed them. As a result, the boy was not hurt at all. Neil then realised that the dog was indeed a fainthful friend. He also learned not to make decision in a hurry because haste makes waste.（欲速則 不達） Co

31、nclusion: 1.續(xù)寫是原有文本的基礎上故事有邏輯的發(fā)展， 而不是從文本中隨便摘錄語句的堆砌； 2.故事的發(fā)展要結合文本的提示以及常識：如： 人們對于 狗和狼的普遍認識； 3.結尾最好要積極向上、有正能量。 如：最好不 要預言小孩被傷害掉，邪惡戰(zhàn)勝了正義。 4. 兩段間的邏輯關系， 如：第一段要解釋第二 段的 noise。 四、備考建議 面對讀后續(xù)寫這一新寫作題型，在了解了其特 點和寫作技巧之后，考生只要加以適度練習， 對此新題型可以做到得心應手。 1. 充分利用記敘文故事類的閱讀理解或者完形 填空?？忌谧龃祟愇恼碌脑囶}時，讀到適當 的位置，可以短暫停止，

32、根據(jù)已讀部分文章的 脈絡，對文章進行發(fā)散思維，設想可能的幾種 結尾，最后對照原文的結尾，看自己的設想是 否與原文一致。 2. 經常實施微型化訓練，也就是對所讀文章的某 一段落進行設想。根據(jù)某一段落的首句提示，結 合文章的上文對該段進行合理設想，具體推斷該 段可能要講述的內容。 3. 與傳統(tǒng)寫作類似，續(xù)寫文章更加要注意句與句 之間的連接詞， 或其 的暗示作用。如 范例中的 續(xù) 寫部分的第二段“ the noise”中的“ noise”表 明在上一段中已經提到， 并且與后面發(fā)生關系。 4. 進行適度專題化練習。俗話說，熟能生巧。對 于讀后續(xù)寫這一新題型也是如此。通過適度地練 習，可以進一步熟知該種題型的特色，更好地掌 握該種題型的寫作技巧，更有效地調動傳統(tǒng)寫作 的基礎知識，從而寫出一篇優(yōu)美的續(xù)寫短文。需 要注意的是，后續(xù)寫補全的是語篇，而非單詞或 短語。 5.在平時的教學中，老師要幫助學生釋放創(chuàng)造力 和想象力，激發(fā)表達動機。