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河南理工大學(xué)萬方科技學(xué)院
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)中期檢查表
指導(dǎo)教師: 王得勝 職稱: 教授
所在院(系): 機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程系 教研室(研究室): 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)教研室
題 目
滾筒絞車總體設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名
謝春磊
專業(yè)班級(jí)
08機(jī)設(shè)二班
學(xué)號(hào)
0828070027
一、選題質(zhì)量:(主要從以下四個(gè)方面填寫:1、選題是否符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),能否體現(xiàn)綜合訓(xùn)練要求;2、題目難易程度;3、題目工作量;4、題目與生產(chǎn)、科研、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化及實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)等實(shí)際的結(jié)合程度)
1、本題目符合機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),能夠充分鍛煉和培養(yǎng)分析問題和實(shí)際操作能力,能夠體現(xiàn)綜合訓(xùn)練的要求;
2、本題目難易適中,符合本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)要求;
3、本題目工作量適中,能在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成;
4、所選題目滾筒絞車的總體設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)際貼合比較緊密,在實(shí)際的應(yīng)用中比較廣泛。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,對(duì)機(jī)器的零件的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算對(duì)我來說是以往所學(xué)知識(shí)的總結(jié)和應(yīng)用,所以能夠滿足綜合訓(xùn)練的要求
二、開題報(bào)告完成情況:
根據(jù)自己在各方面資料的收集和整理,通過對(duì)可行性的分析,結(jié)合老師給的題目的選擇,我完成了這次設(shè)計(jì)的選題。在選題結(jié)束之后,通過自己認(rèn)真查閱相關(guān)的資料,最后結(jié)合本身的實(shí)際情況和設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)間任務(wù)完成了開題報(bào)告。
三、階段性成果:
1、通過對(duì)滾筒絞車的了解,再加上有關(guān)書籍的介紹,算是對(duì)滾筒絞車有了一個(gè)大概的了解。前期階段主要是對(duì)有關(guān)于滾筒絞車的各方面的文獻(xiàn)和資料進(jìn)行搜集,為設(shè)計(jì)以后的設(shè)計(jì)做了必要的準(zhǔn)備。
2、中期階段主要是依據(jù)參考資料,從上面找到一些關(guān)于關(guān)于滾筒絞車的信息,首先對(duì)其零部件有了大致的了解,其次是已有了大概的設(shè)計(jì)方法,并開始了一些基本的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。
3、正在進(jìn)行裝配圖的CAD畫圖和設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
四、存在主要問題:
由于這是我第一次單獨(dú)進(jìn)行滾筒絞車總體設(shè)計(jì),所以剛開始進(jìn)展的并不是很順利。而我對(duì)這方面的知識(shí)掌握比較少,所以需要在圖書館和網(wǎng)上查找更多的相關(guān)資料,對(duì)有滾筒絞車的知識(shí)進(jìn)行更深入的了解。不過我堅(jiān)信,只要自己努力和在指導(dǎo)老師的指引下,我能把各方面的問題逐個(gè)擊破,最終順利完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。
五、指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)學(xué)生在畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)中,勞動(dòng)、學(xué)習(xí)紀(jì)律及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)展等方面的評(píng)語
指導(dǎo)教師: (簽名)
年 月 日
2
河南理工大學(xué)萬方科技學(xué)院
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告
題目名稱
滾筒式絞車的總體設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名
謝春磊
專業(yè)班級(jí)
08機(jī)設(shè)二班
學(xué)號(hào)
0828070027
一、 選題的目的和意義:
目的:
隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)燃料和各種礦物需要量的不斷增長(zhǎng),礦井生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化和集中化程度的不斷提高,各種礦物的產(chǎn)量亦不斷擴(kuò)大;我國(guó)煤礦和各類礦山每年都要生產(chǎn)大量的煤和礦石。為了使礦井生產(chǎn)能夠正常地進(jìn)行和充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備的效能,目前在礦井井下主要運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)之間普遍設(shè)置了各類的煤倉(cāng),以調(diào)節(jié)和緩和各運(yùn)輸環(huán)節(jié)的能力,使之連成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,以保證煤和礦石源源不斷地運(yùn)到地面上來。因此,提升絞車礦井生產(chǎn)中的一個(gè)十分重要的環(huán)節(jié),而煤倉(cāng)的設(shè)計(jì)也成為礦井設(shè)計(jì)中重要的內(nèi)容。
礦井提升絞車是礦山重要和關(guān)鍵的設(shè)備之一,是礦山生產(chǎn)的“咽喉"設(shè)備,主要用于煤礦、 金屬礦及非金屬礦提升和下放人員、 提升煤炭、 礦石、 矸石及運(yùn)輸材料和設(shè)備。提升絞車主要裝置由卷筒、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等組成。它的性能優(yōu)劣,運(yùn)行是否正常,工作效率是否高,是否安全可靠,對(duì)礦山生產(chǎn)和人員、設(shè)備的安全有著重要的影響,為了適應(yīng)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,煤炭冶金工業(yè)要求建立大量的現(xiàn)代化礦山,提升機(jī)的市場(chǎng)前景樂觀;同時(shí),由于國(guó)內(nèi)提升絞車生產(chǎn)廠家多,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)提升機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)方法提出挑戰(zhàn),市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)要求設(shè)計(jì)者推陳出新,瞄準(zhǔn)國(guó)際提升機(jī)的發(fā)展方向,設(shè)計(jì)出質(zhì)量過硬性能最優(yōu)的產(chǎn)品,以滿足礦山行業(yè)要求。所以,對(duì)其進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)研究,對(duì)于強(qiáng)化提升機(jī)的生產(chǎn),提高效益具有重要意義。相信隨著課題的不斷深入,對(duì)帶式輸送機(jī)將會(huì)有更深入的了解,為以后的學(xué)習(xí)也能打下夯實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
意義:
目前中國(guó)絞車產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展出現(xiàn)的問題中,許多情況不容樂觀,如質(zhì)量差、工作效率低、資源消耗大、環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重、對(duì)自然資源破壞力大、維修繁瑣需高技術(shù)人員等等。所以這次設(shè)計(jì)有以下意義。
1)了解礦用絞車的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)以及工作原理。
2)對(duì)絞車各部分的性能的提高有重大意義:盡可能好地滿足工藝要求、便于操作。具有合理的強(qiáng)度與剛度,使用可靠,具有很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,重量輕,制造維修方便。
3)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主設(shè)計(jì)能力
二、 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究綜述:
我國(guó)礦用絞車主要是指調(diào)度絞車和回柱絞車,它經(jīng)歷了仿制、自行設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)階段。解放初期使用的礦用小絞車有日本的、蘇聯(lián)的,因此當(dāng)時(shí)生產(chǎn)的礦用小絞車也是測(cè)繪仿制日本和蘇聯(lián)的產(chǎn)品。1958年后這些產(chǎn)品相繼被淘汰,并對(duì)蘇聯(lián)絞車進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),于1964年進(jìn)入了自行設(shè)計(jì)階段.回柱絞車大體上也是經(jīng)歷了仿制和自行設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)階段,八十年代以前一直使用的是仿制的老產(chǎn)品,八十年代中期才開始設(shè)計(jì)新型的回柱絞車,主要針對(duì)效率極低的球面蝸輪副、慢速工作和快速回繩等環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行根本的改進(jìn)。
國(guó)外礦用絞車的種類、規(guī)格較多.工作機(jī)構(gòu)有單筒、雙筒和摩擦式.傳動(dòng)型式有皮帶傳動(dòng)、鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)、齒輪傳動(dòng)、蝸輪傳動(dòng)、液壓傳動(dòng)、行星齒輪傳動(dòng)和擺線齒輪傳動(dòng)等。其中采用行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的比較多。發(fā)展趨勢(shì)向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化系列方向發(fā)展,向體積小、重量輕、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊方向發(fā)展;向高效、節(jié)能、壽命長(zhǎng)、低噪音、一機(jī)多能通用化、大功率、外形簡(jiǎn)單、平滑、美觀、大方方向發(fā)展。
國(guó)外礦用絞車規(guī)格比較多,適用不同場(chǎng)合,我國(guó)礦用小絞車的規(guī)格少,品種型號(hào)多而亂,也較繁雜,沒有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從工作機(jī)構(gòu)上分,國(guó)外有單筒、雙筒及摩擦式三種,我國(guó)只有單筒一種型式。從原動(dòng)力上分,國(guó)外有電動(dòng)的、風(fēng)動(dòng)的及液壓驅(qū)動(dòng),我國(guó)只有電動(dòng)的和少量風(fēng)動(dòng)的。
例如回柱絞車的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)是球面蝸輪副傳動(dòng),回柱絞車的主傳動(dòng)均采用了蝸輪副傳動(dòng),這是因?yàn)槲佪喐眰鲃?dòng)比大,又具有自鎖性,故其傳動(dòng)效率較低,一般只有0. 4~0.45,回柱絞車的總傳動(dòng)效率更低。回繩速度慢,所有的回柱紋車回繩速度和工作牽引速度相同.不論絞車用于回柱放頂,還是搬運(yùn)設(shè)備,工作效率太低。隨著采煤機(jī)械化的發(fā)展,綜采設(shè)備的頻繁搬遷,又由于回柱絞車搬運(yùn),工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)占用人工多,因此這類絞車均應(yīng)設(shè)置快速回繩。
我國(guó)礦用絞車在壽命、噪音、可靠性等綜合指標(biāo)與蘇聯(lián)有著一定的差距。蘇聯(lián)礦用小絞車使用壽命規(guī)定在5年以上,我國(guó)目前不具備測(cè)試手段壽命無法考核,但從對(duì)用戶的訪問中得知,壽命達(dá)不到5年.噪音也稍大。
雖然我國(guó)礦用絞車參數(shù)系列水平優(yōu)于國(guó)外,但在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和通用化方面遠(yuǎn)不如發(fā)達(dá)采煤機(jī)械制造國(guó)。比如牽引力14000kg·f這一檔回柱絞車就有四種型號(hào). JHC-14型一級(jí)減速為蝸輪副傳動(dòng)、二級(jí)為行星齒輪傳動(dòng)(少齒差傳動(dòng))。JHZ-14型二級(jí)減速為蝸輪副傳動(dòng),一級(jí)和三級(jí)減速為圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。JM-14型是在一級(jí)蝸輪副減速之后,其二級(jí)、三級(jí)減速為直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)。JH-14型是在一級(jí)蝸輪副減速之后,其二級(jí)減速為直齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng),也是傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)最簡(jiǎn)單的一種。
回柱絞車以電動(dòng)使用最廣,傳動(dòng)型式以球面蝸輪副居多,該機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)型式為電動(dòng)機(jī)懸裝在蝸輪副減速器的后部,蝸輪副減速器為第一級(jí)減速,第二級(jí)和第三級(jí)為圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng),分別安裝在機(jī)器的兩側(cè)對(duì)稱機(jī)體的中心布置,該機(jī)呈長(zhǎng)條形適應(yīng)并下巷道的空間,體積小,底座呈雪橇形,安裝搬運(yùn)方便。
三、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)所用的主要技術(shù)與方法:
1. 在圖書館查閱相關(guān)資料和機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)
2. 通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜集相關(guān)信息和資料
3. 老師的指導(dǎo)與講解
4. 利用各種文字處理軟件編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書
5. 通過繪圖軟件繪制相關(guān)零件圖
四、 主要參考文獻(xiàn)與資料獲得情況:
1、《簡(jiǎn)明機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè)》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,主編胡家秀
2、《機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,主編吳宗澤
3、《機(jī)械原理》,西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,主編孫桓、陳作模等;
4、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》,高等教育出版社(第八版),主編濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛
5、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工程學(xué)[Ⅱ]》,中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,主編唐大放,馮小寧,楊現(xiàn)卿
6、《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)》,中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,主編任濟(jì)生等
7、《減速器和變速器設(shè)計(jì)與選用手冊(cè)》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,主編程乃士
8、《行星齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)》,化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,主編饒振綱
五、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度安排(按周說明)
時(shí)間 計(jì)劃安排要求
1-2周 確定題目,收集相關(guān)資料
3周 確定設(shè)計(jì)方案,熟悉設(shè)計(jì)步驟
4周 絞車主要參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算
5周 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
6周 主要部件的選型和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
7周 滾筒式絞車的使用說明
8周 破碎腔的設(shè)計(jì)
9周 產(chǎn)品色彩設(shè)計(jì)
10,11周 設(shè)計(jì)基本完成
12,3周 進(jìn)行機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)審查,開始設(shè)計(jì)圖紙
14周 完成設(shè)計(jì)圖紙
15周 完成設(shè)計(jì)說明書
16周 準(zhǔn)備答辯。
六、 指導(dǎo)教師審批意見:
指導(dǎo)教師: (簽名)
年 月 日
4
河南理工大學(xué)萬方科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文
scheduling winch
First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch
scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars.
Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch.
Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1 (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40).
Below the JD-1(that is、 JD-11.4) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle.
(A) JD-1-scheduling of the winch
JD-1-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear.
Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning.
Use made of cast iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor .
(B) JD-1-Dispatch winch the drive principle
This type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism.
Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to control winch drum operation.
If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission.
Conversely、 if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running.
It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents.
Second、scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of
(1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement.
(2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced.
(3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arranged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with.
(4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 Problems should be adjusted and dealt with.
(5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position.
(6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly.
(7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand.
(8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with.
(9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance
? Three、 winch common faults and deal with
(A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach
1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason
(1) drum cartridge case bolts loose.
(2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large.
(3) Drum cylinder shell cracks.
(4) Welding a cylinder shell welding.
(5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding.
(6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large.
(7) A clutch worm screw loose.
2. Approach
????According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avoid accidents expand.
(B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、
1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri
(1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope.
?(2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope.
2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri
(1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements.
(2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding.
(3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed.
(4) Improper operation the wound is not tight.
3. Approach
? According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel.
(C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment
1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main
(1) gears meshing space tight or too loose.
(2) Bearing gap is too large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small.
(3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose.
(4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies.
2. Approach
(1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be replaced.
(2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings.
(3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws.
(4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting.
(D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever
1. Brake winch for fever
(1) a gate too early、 too excessive.
(2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation.
(3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc).
(4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small.
?(5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more.
? 2. Prevention and treatment
????Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure.
(E) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods
?1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters
(1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate.
(2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate.
(3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card.
(4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills.
(5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected.
2. Prevention approaches
? the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole.
(F) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment
1. Main
(1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low.
(2) Stop button did not recover bit.
(3) Have launched internal fault.
(4) Cable operator disconnected.
(5) Motor burned.
2. Approach
To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would surely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing.
(G) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main
(1) Operating button failures or too wet.
(2) Operation of short circuit or grounding.
(3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave.
(4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave.
(5) Contact between the open relays.
(6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 °.
2. Approach
Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks.
(H) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment
1.Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards
(1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn.
(2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the electrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident.
2. Single-phase operation of a motor for
(1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes.
(2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫) of wiring than 1.30 (△) of wiring serious.
3. Approach
??? Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing.
調(diào)度絞車
?一、調(diào)度絞車及其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
調(diào)度絞車是常用來調(diào)度車輛及進(jìn)行輔助牽引作業(yè)的一種絞車。常用于礦井巷道中拖運(yùn)礦車及輔助搬運(yùn),也可用在采掘工作面、裝車站調(diào)度空、重載礦車。
?? 調(diào)度絞車是一種全齒傳動(dòng)機(jī)械。齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)又稱輪系。根據(jù)輪系傳動(dòng)時(shí)各齒輪軸線在空間的相對(duì)位置是否固定,可分為定軸輪系和周轉(zhuǎn)輪系。定軸輪系又有外嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)和內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)之分,而周轉(zhuǎn)輪系又有差動(dòng)傳動(dòng)和行星傳動(dòng)之分。調(diào)度絞車的傳動(dòng)齒輪既有內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng),又有行星傳動(dòng),所以調(diào)度絞車又稱內(nèi)齒輪行星傳動(dòng)絞車。
?? 調(diào)度絞車常用型號(hào)主要有JD—0.4(JD—4.5)、JD—1(JD)—11.4)、JD—1.(JD—22)、JD—2(JD—25)、JD—3(JD—40)等。
?? 下面以JD—1(即JD—11.4)型調(diào)度絞車為例介紹調(diào)度絞車的組成及傳動(dòng)原理。
? (一)JD—1型調(diào)度絞車的組成
?? JD—1型調(diào)度絞車的主要組成部分為滾筒、制動(dòng)裝置機(jī)座和電動(dòng)機(jī)。?絞車滾筒由鑄鋼制成,其主要功能是纏繞鋼絲繩牽引負(fù)荷。滾筒內(nèi)和大內(nèi)齒輪下裝有減速齒輪。
?? 絞車上共裝有兩組帶式閘,即制動(dòng)閘2,工作閘3。電動(dòng)機(jī)一側(cè)的制動(dòng)閘2用來制動(dòng)滾筒,大內(nèi)齒輪上的工作閘3用于控制Z7組運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 機(jī)座用鑄鐵制成,電動(dòng)機(jī)軸承支架及閘帶定位板等均用螺栓固定在機(jī)座上。電動(dòng)機(jī)為專用隔爆三相籠型電動(dòng)機(jī)。
? (二)JD—1型調(diào)度絞車的傳動(dòng)原理
? ? 該型絞車采用兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)和一級(jí)行星輪傳動(dòng)。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4為兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng),Z5、Z6、Z7組成行星傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。
? ? 在電動(dòng)機(jī)5軸頭上安裝著加長(zhǎng)套的齒輪Z1,通過內(nèi)齒輪Z2、齒輪Z3和內(nèi)齒輪Z4,把運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到齒輪Z5上,齒輪Z5是行星輪系的中央輪(或稱太陽輪),再帶動(dòng)兩個(gè)行星齒輪Z6和大內(nèi)齒輪Z7。行星齒輪自由地裝在2根與帶動(dòng)固定連接的軸上,大內(nèi)齒輪Z7齒圈外部裝有工作閘,用于控制絞車滾筒運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上的工作閘3閘住,而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2松開,此時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)由兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙輪傳動(dòng)到齒輪Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被閘住,不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),所以齒輪Z6只能一方面繞自己的軸線自轉(zhuǎn),同時(shí)還要繞齒輪Z5的軸線(滾筒中心線)公轉(zhuǎn)。從而帶動(dòng)與其相連的帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),此時(shí)Z6的運(yùn)行方式很類似太陽系中的行星(如地球)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,齒輪Z6又稱行星齒輪,其傳動(dòng)方式稱為行星傳動(dòng)。
?? 反之,若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上的工作閘3松開,而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2閘住,因Z6與滾筒直接相連,只作自轉(zhuǎn),沒有公轉(zhuǎn),從Z1到Z7的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)變?yōu)槎ㄝS輪系,齒輪Z7做空轉(zhuǎn)。倒替松開(或閘?。┕ぷ鏖l3或制動(dòng)閘2,即可使調(diào)度絞車在不停電動(dòng)機(jī)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)行和停車。當(dāng)需要作反向提升時(shí),必須重新按動(dòng)啟動(dòng)按鈕,使電機(jī)反向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
?? 需要注意的是,當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后,不準(zhǔn)將工作閘和制動(dòng)閘同時(shí)閘住,這樣會(huì)燒壞電動(dòng)機(jī)或發(fā)生其他事故。
二、調(diào)度絞車日常檢查維護(hù)的內(nèi)容
??? (1)檢查各部位螺栓、銷子、螺母、墊圈等,如有松動(dòng)、脫落,應(yīng)及時(shí)擰緊和補(bǔ)全。
??? (2)檢查信號(hào)裝置及電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行操作按鈕是否完好和有無失爆現(xiàn)象,信號(hào)發(fā)出是否清楚和明亮,否則應(yīng)修理或更換。
??? (3)檢查滾筒有無損壞或破裂,鋼絲繩頭固定是否牢固,軸承有無漏油,鋼絲繩排列是否整齊,有問題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。
??? (4)檢查閘帶有無裂紋,磨損是否超限(應(yīng)留有不少于3 mm厚度),拉桿螺栓、叉頭、閘把、銷軸等是否有損傷或變形,背緊螺母是否松動(dòng),有問題應(yīng)調(diào)整和處理。
??? (5)檢查閘把及杠桿系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作是否靈活,施閘后,閘把不得達(dá)到水平位置,應(yīng)當(dāng)比水平位置略有上翹。
??? (6)檢查固定絞車的頂柱和戧柱是否牢固,基礎(chǔ)螺栓或錨桿是否有松動(dòng),底座有無裂紋,有問題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。
??? (7)檢查電動(dòng)機(jī)空載啟動(dòng)是否正常,接地是否良好,啟動(dòng)器等電氣設(shè)備是否符合防爆和完好要求。
??? (8)檢查軸承及電動(dòng)機(jī)、開關(guān)、電纜、閘帶等是否溫度過高,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應(yīng)查明原因,采取措施進(jìn)行處理。
(9)經(jīng)常擦拭絞車,清理浮塵和雜物,保持周圍環(huán)境整潔。絞車的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù)
三、絞車常見故障及處理
??? (一)絞車滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因及處理方法
??? 1.絞車滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因
??? (1)滾筒筒殼螺栓松動(dòng)。
??? (2)筒殼和支輪(法蘭盤)之間間隙過大。
??? (3)滾筒筒殼產(chǎn)生裂紋。
??? (4)焊接筒殼開焊。
??? (5)游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套的固定螺釘松動(dòng),造成游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套之間有相對(duì)滑動(dòng)。
??? (6)襯套與主軸之間間隙磨損過大。
??? (7)蝸輪螺桿式離合器有松動(dòng)。
??? 2.處理方法
??? 根據(jù)檢查情況,確定處理方法。如對(duì)松動(dòng)的螺帽等,可在交接班停產(chǎn)時(shí)緊固;如果響聲不嚴(yán)重,可適當(dāng)減輕絞車負(fù)載,注意觀察,維持到規(guī)定的停產(chǎn)檢修時(shí)進(jìn)行修理;如果響聲嚴(yán)重,則應(yīng)立即停車修理或更換,以免事故擴(kuò)大。
??? (二)絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害、原因及處理方法??? ,
??? 1.絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害
??? (1)加快鋼絲繩磨損。鋼絲繩在滾筒上雜亂纏繞時(shí),牽引受力繩經(jīng)常要在雜亂排繩中擠出來又壓進(jìn)去,造成嚴(yán)重磨損,造成鋼絲繩直徑磨細(xì)和斷絲增多,縮短了鋼絲繩的使用壽命。
??? (2)造成鋼絲繩滑出滾筒外。鋼絲繩排列不整齊,必然產(chǎn)生堆擠現(xiàn)象,損壞護(hù)繩板,當(dāng)堆擠高度超過滾筒邊緣高度時(shí),鋼絲繩極易滑出滾筒外,輕者斷絲,重者斷繩跑車。
??? 2.絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的主要原因
??? (1)絞車布置不當(dāng),即提升鋼絲繩偏角不符合規(guī)定要求。
??? (2)絞車天輪(導(dǎo)輪)缺油,不能隨鋼絲繩在滾筒上纏繞時(shí)左右滑動(dòng)。
??? (3)絞車排繩裝置失效或已被拆除。
? (4)操作不當(dāng),纏繞不緊。
? ? 3.處理方法
? 根據(jù)不同情況,對(duì)癥處理。屬安裝質(zhì)量和排繩裝置失效等情況的,要及時(shí)匯報(bào)請(qǐng)求派人處理,屬操作或維護(hù)不當(dāng)?shù)?,要認(rèn)真按照規(guī)定精心操作和維護(hù);斜巷絞車尤其要注意清除途中障礙,防止在下放重物時(shí)鋼絲繩忽松忽緊。
??? (三)絞車減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的原因及處理方法
??? 1.減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的主要原因
??? (1)齒輪嚙合間隙過緊或過松。
??? (2)軸承間隙過大,一般表現(xiàn)為下放空載時(shí)響聲大,重載提升時(shí)響聲小。
??? (3)減速器或軸承螺栓松動(dòng)。
??? (4)減速器內(nèi)掉人異物。
??? 2.處理方法
??? (1)調(diào)整齒輪嚙合間隙至適當(dāng)位置,若磨損嚴(yán)重,則應(yīng)更換齒輪。
??? (2)對(duì)松弛的軸承進(jìn)行修理或更換。
??? (3)注意緊固松動(dòng)的螺釘。
??? (4)若有異物掉進(jìn)減速器內(nèi),應(yīng)立即停運(yùn),排除故障。
??? (四)絞車制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因及處理
??? 1.絞車制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因
??? (1)用閘過早、過多、過猛。
??? (2)重物下放時(shí)經(jīng)常使用制動(dòng)閘,絞車沒有電氣動(dòng)力制動(dòng)系
統(tǒng),單滾筒絞車常有此種情況。
??? (3)閘瓦螺栓松動(dòng)或閘瓦磨損過度,螺栓頭觸及閘輪(或閘盤)。
??? (4)閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤)安裝不正確,接觸面積過小。
??? (5)閘輪(或閘盤)擺動(dòng)較大。
??? 2.預(yù)防和處理方法
??? 不斷總結(jié)操作經(jīng)驗(yàn),探索操作方法,提高操作技術(shù)水平;嚴(yán)絞車的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù)格控制牽引負(fù)荷,嚴(yán)禁負(fù)荷下放時(shí)電機(jī)不送電松閘放飛車;經(jīng)常檢查維護(hù),注意閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤)的接觸情況。
??? (五)盤式制動(dòng)閘松不開閘的原因及預(yù)防處理方法
??? 1.盤式制動(dòng)閘松不開閘的主要原因
??? (1)制動(dòng)操作把手絲杠拉桿長(zhǎng)度調(diào)整不合適。
??? (2)制動(dòng)操作把手?jǐn)[動(dòng)角度不合適。
??? (3)溢流閥節(jié)流孔堵塞或滑閥卡死失靈。
??? (4)溢流閥密封不嚴(yán)或電液調(diào)壓裝置漏油。
??? (5)電液調(diào)壓裝置的動(dòng)作圈引出線焊接不牢或斷線。
??? 2.預(yù)防處理方法
??? 及時(shí)調(diào)整制動(dòng)操作把手動(dòng)作位置,定期清洗液壓系統(tǒng)的油過濾器,保持液壓油的清潔,避免閥孔堵塞。
??? (六)按啟動(dòng)按鈕,絞車電機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)的原因及處理方法
??? 1.主要原因
??? (1)電源有故障,如停電、斷相、電動(dòng)機(jī)或線路接地,接地保護(hù)斷電或電源電壓過低。
??? (2)停止按鈕未復(fù)原位。
??? (3)啟動(dòng)器內(nèi)部有故障。
??? (4)操作電纜斷線。
??? (5)電動(dòng)機(jī)燒毀。
??? 2.處理方法
??? 先檢查電源,如本機(jī)電源電纜上的其他機(jī)電設(shè)備都開不動(dòng),則肯定是電源停電,應(yīng)及時(shí)匯報(bào),請(qǐng)求送電。再檢查按鈕,必須把所用開關(guān)handle打到停電位置,方可拆開按鈕檢查,不得在檢修中損壞其防爆性能。其他幾項(xiàng)情況必須請(qǐng)專職電工檢查處理。
??? (七)按停止按鈕,電動(dòng)機(jī)不停止的原因及處理方法
??? 1.主要原因
??? (1)操作按鈕失靈或過于潮濕。
??? (2)操作線短路或接地。
??? (3)磁力啟動(dòng)器主接點(diǎn)或輔助接點(diǎn)燒損粘連而不能離開。
?? (4)消弧罩卡住觸頭,不能離開。
??? (5)中間繼電器接點(diǎn)不斷開。
??? (6)磁力啟動(dòng)器放置不正,或被碰向后傾倒超過15°。
??? 2.處理方法
??? 應(yīng)緊急扶正磁力啟動(dòng)器,把絞車所屬磁力啟動(dòng)器的操作手柄打向停止位置。事先應(yīng)該用調(diào)閘方法先將提升負(fù)荷停住,防止拉閘時(shí)磁力啟動(dòng)器內(nèi)隔離刀閘產(chǎn)生過大的停電火花。
??? (八)電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的原因及處理方法
??? 1.絞車電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的特征及危害
??? (1)無論正向啟動(dòng)或反向啟動(dòng),電機(jī)都發(fā)生沉悶的嗡嗡聲,但電機(jī)始終不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
??? (2)如在運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)電機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),則電動(dòng)機(jī)仍保持原來的旋向,但轉(zhuǎn)速明顯減慢、發(fā)出嗡嗡聲,電機(jī)開始發(fā)熱,若絞車配有電流表,則有的指向零位,有的電流值變大。無論啟動(dòng)或運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)電機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),如不及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和停機(jī),則可能燒毀電機(jī)造成事故。
??? 2.造成電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的原因
??? (1)電源缺相(斷一相)。這是由于一相斷熔絲或一相斷線以及接觸器一相接觸不良等原因引起的。
??? (2)電動(dòng)機(jī)定子線圈有一相斷線。這時(shí)由于定子線圈接線方式的不同,其影響程度有區(qū)別,即星(丫)型接線比三角(△)型接線嚴(yán)重。
??? 3.處理方法
??? 迅速停機(jī),查明原因,及時(shí)匯報(bào)或找維修電工進(jìn)行處理。
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