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1、 一般過去時的構(gòu)成概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 基本構(gòu)成：主語+動詞（包括be）的過去時常用的時間狀語：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等具體時間狀語。【注】不論是否定句還是一般疑問句，只要用了助動詞，原句中的謂語動詞的過去時都要還原成動詞原形；主+系+表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，主語要和was和were在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 一般過去時的用法表示過去某一時刻或某段時間發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：I lived here 5 years ago.表示在過
2、去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 一般過去時的形式有時并不表示過去的動作而是只表示說話人的委婉語氣。例如：could you tell me your name? 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞否定形式：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞常用的時間狀語：now,today, tonight, this week, this year, al
3、ready, yet, just, since, recently,in the past few years等等 for和since的運用for表“經(jīng)歷(一段時間)”，而since表“自從以來”。例如： 1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours. 2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3oclock. 4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1. Wehavehadthenewcomputer_aweek.2.
4、 HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool_1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother_overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit_twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit_twoyears.sincesinceforsincefor for Jameshasbeen
5、inCanada_Monday. JameshasbeeninCanada_fourdays. JamescametoCanadafourdays_. MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_15years. MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_. ShehaslivedinBrazil_15years_. Mikehasbeeninhospital_October. Mikehasbeeninhospital_twomonths Mikecametothehospitaltwomonths_ Hehasbeeninhospital_twomonths_填 上 sinc
6、e,for或 者 ago. sincefor agofor agosince agosincefor agosince ago already和yet的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑問句或否定句末。但表驚訝時already也可用于疑問句。例如： 1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work. 2.Tomhasntfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit? Shallweeatlunch?Iam_hungry. Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_? No
7、,not_. Hasthebellrung_? Yes,Ithas_rung. Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired_. Wehave_changedtheplanbecauseLindahasntmadeuphermind_.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_? Yes.Wehave_orderedit.already yetyet yetalreadyalready yet yetalready yetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneeded 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法目前已經(jīng)完成的動作，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：
8、I have lost my wallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用。例如：Mary has been ill for three days. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作。例如：We have had four texts this semester. 使用現(xiàn)在完成時應注意：“ have/ has got ”形式上是一種完成時，但和have/ has 為同一意義，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? -Yes, I have
9、. have/ has gone to 與 have/has been to 的區(qū)別：have/ has gone to 強調(diào)“去而未歸”； have/ has been to 強調(diào)“去而歸還”。 have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever連用； have/ has gone to則不可。非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時 + 表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的終止性動詞。
10、 一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別（1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday. （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go
11、, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in New York for many years. Have you ever been to Beijing？ 總結(jié)句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時還是用現(xiàn)在完成時，取決于動作是否對現(xiàn)在有影響。句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday,last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight,this April, n
12、ow, once，before, already, recently，lately 等。 比較練習 1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _
13、 to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been BCD 比較練習 4. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.
14、A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 5. It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found 6. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgottenCDB
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別課件
