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1、閱讀理解組合練(四)
(限時30分鐘)
A
(2019南京三模)
Welcome to Fraser Island
Your adventure unfolds ...
Once departing Rainbow Beach we start from Inskip Point by vehicle ferry.Watch out for dolphins.
Northward bound — travel by 4WD (4 wheel drive) along the endless golden highway of 75 Mile Beach.
Swim
2、at crystal clear freshwater LAKE MCKENZIE — famous for its turquoise colors and white sands.
Delicious “Aussie style” sizzling bush BBQ with icy cold drinks.
Primitive rainforest — luxuriant canopy of palms and vines.
Eli Creek — time for a lazy dip.
Shipwreck of the SS Maheno — built in Scot
3、land 1904 — a permanent fixture to the Northern Beach since 1935.
Intriguing Colored Sands formations — part of this Worlds largest sand island.
※ Remember this is a 4WD safari and may not be suitable if pregnant or if you have a bad back.
※ Dress comfortably — its not a fashion parade! Bring yo
4、ur swimmers and camera.
Lunch Menu
Complimentary cold drinks Prime 250g Rib Fillet Steak
OR local award winning 100% beef sausages and onions OR Fish — delicate white fillets with lemon, OR Vegetarian Burger — special blend seasonal vegetables
GENERAL CONDITIONS：
Tours may vary due to tidal
5、 or weather conditions.As we are a small company and prepare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR
YOUNG CHILDREN.
Codford Pty.Ltd.Trading as Fraser Island Nature Tours
ABN 80 010 870 729
語篇解讀：本文是一篇廣告，重點介紹了Fraser Island的一些特點和游客要享受的東西以及有關(guān)注意事項。
1．Which of the foll
6、owing is mentioned about Fraser Island?
A．Considerable size and cheap souvenirs.
B．Authentic food and impressive scenery.
C．Target visitors and modern architecture.
D．Convenient transportation and long history.
解析：選B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)中間這一欄中的第三段到第五段提到了“LAKE MCKENZIE”“Delicious ‘Aussie style’”“Primitive
7、rainforest”等，由此可見關(guān)于Fraser Island，提到了正宗的食物和令人印象深刻的風(fēng)景。
2．According to the leaflet, visitors should ________.
A．dress their fashionable clothes
B．provide a health certificate
C．pay extra money for cancellation
D．follow the fixed trip plans
解析：選C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)右欄偏下面的位置上的“As we are a small company and pr
8、epare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.”可知取消是要付費的。
B
(2019揚、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連三模)We are obsessed(迷戀) with ourselves.We study our history, our psychology, our philosophy.Much of our knowledge revolves (使旋轉(zhuǎn)) around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.
But
9、in the course of the centuries we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas weve had.We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and of the extraordinary molecular structures in every cell of our bodies.
The more we discover, the more we understand that what we dont yet kn
10、ow is greater than what we know.The more powerful our telescopes, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see.The closer we look at the minute detail of matter, the more we discover of its profound structure.
In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men
11、are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them.They think that this is reality.One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world.At first the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed, stuns and con
12、fuses him.But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his companions to tell them what he has seen.They find it hard to believe.
We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance, our prejudices, and our weak senses reveal only shadows.If we try to see further, we are confused: we
13、 are unaccustomed.But we try.This is science.Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways.Its strength is its capacity to demolish (推翻) old ideas, to reveal new regions of reality, and to co
14、nstruct new, more effective images of the world.This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.
The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深淵) of what we dont know, does not make life meaningless: it makes it interesting and p
15、recious.
語篇解讀：本文主要告訴我們，我們對宇宙的了解還不夠全面。不斷去探索未知的世界，會使我們的生活變得更加充實而且有趣。
3．What does the author want to tell us in the first three paragraphs?
A．The new discoveries of the universe prove to be wrong.
B．Man has created splendid cultures in the course of centuries.
C．Our knowledge of the universe is in
16、complete and uncertain.
D．The existing technologies are enough for further exploration.
解析：選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段到第三段的內(nèi)容，特別是“... realize just how many wrong ideas weve had”“... the more we understand that ... is greater than what we know”這樣的文字可以推斷現(xiàn)階段我們對宇宙的認識是不完整和不確定的。
4．The story told by Plato is meant t
17、o ________.
A．make us aware of the cruelty of reality
B．encourage us to explore the unknown world
C．a(chǎn)pplaud the heroic deeds of chasing freedom
D．justify our ignorance and prejudice about the world
解析：選B 推理判斷題。這個故事講的是一個人離開洞穴看到太陽和廣闊的世界，說的就是我們應(yīng)該去探尋我們認知以外的世界。
5．What does the author want to stress
18、 in the passage?
A．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.
B．Leaving things as they are makes our life perfect.
C．New discoveries of the universe will cause confusion.
D．Past knowledge prevents us constructing a new world.
解析：選A 推理判斷題。通過閱讀全文，尤其是最后一段可知作者要強調(diào)的是知道自己知識的不足，并不斷去探索未知的世界，并不會使我
19、們的生活變得索然無味，相反的是會使我們的生活變得有趣和珍貴。
C
(2019鹽城三模)One day in 1995, a large, heavy middleaged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight.He didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank.Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler.When the
20、y showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief.“But I wore the juice，” he mumbled.Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras.After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didnt come near a heat
21、source, he should have been completely invisible.
The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on.They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in variou
22、s social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are.This “illusion of confidence” is now called the “DunningKruger effect”， and describes the cognitive bias to inflate selfassessment.
To investigate this phenomenon in the lab,
23、Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments.In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students.Interestingly,
24、 students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did — by a lot.Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than twothirds of the other students!
Sure, its typical for people to overestimate their abilities.The problem is th
25、at when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes.In a semesterlong study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback ab
26、out their scores and rankings.However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly.Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.As Charles Darwin wrote in The
27、 Descent of Man (1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”
Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately selfassess their abilities.As much as Dand Fgrade students overestimate their abilities, Agrade students underestimate theirs.The difference is that
28、competent people can and do adjust their selfassessment given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.
語篇解讀：本文主要闡述了“鄧寧—克魯格效應(yīng)”。研究表明有能力的人會根據(jù)各方面的反饋來調(diào)整自己的思路，而無知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固執(zhí)己見。
6．Which of the following statements about the DunningKruger effect is true?
A．The effect is true f
29、or everyone in daily life.
B．It suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.
C．Some people are overconfident about their abilities.
D．The conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.
解析：選C 細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，特別是其中的“some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much highe
30、r than they actually are”以及“ ...‘DunningKruger effect’， and describes the cognitive bias to inflate selfassessment”可知，鄧寧—克魯格效應(yīng)指的是那些過度高估自己能力的，過度自信的人。
7．What do the college students behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove?
A．Feedback plays a significant role in estimating ones ability.
B．Incom
31、petent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.
C．Good students can predict their future performance accurately.
D．People cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments.
解析：選B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent peop
32、le insist that their ways are correct.”可知，能力差的人不會去反思自己的不正確的方法，而是堅持他們的方法是正確的。所以說他們非常的固執(zhí)。
8．The underlined word “begets” can be replaced by ________.
A．gives rise to B．takes advantage of
C．makes up for D．breaks away from
解析：選A 詞義猜測題。引用查爾斯達爾文作品中的這句話，是對上面的研究結(jié)果進行歸納總結(jié)。上面的研究表明無知的人更加盲目地自信。所以這句話的意
33、思是“無知比知識更容易產(chǎn)生自信?！眀eget(＝give rise to)“產(chǎn)生”的意思。
9．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Real knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.
B．It is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.
C．Illusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure.
D．Those with great abili
34、ties often have a low opinion of themselves.
解析：選A 推理判斷題。本文主要闡述了“鄧寧—克魯格效應(yīng)”。研究表明有能力的人會根據(jù)各方面的反饋來調(diào)整自己的思路，而無知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固執(zhí)己見。所以真正的知識是了解一個人無知的程度。
D
(2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模)Ive never seen the night nor seen a star; Ive seen neither spring nor fall nor winter.I was born at the end of the Reining Age (剎車時代
35、), just as the Earths rotation (旋轉(zhuǎn)) was coming to a final stop.
The Reining lasted for 42 years, three years longer than the Unity Government had planned.My mother once told me about the time our family witnessed the last sunset.The Sun had ever so slowly crept toward the horizon, almost as if it h
36、ad stopped moving altogether.In the end, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all “days” and all “nights”．The Eastern Hemisphere (半球) was covered in weak light for a long time then, perhaps for a dozen years or so — with the Sun hiding just beyond the hor
37、izon — its rays reflected by half of the sky.It was during that long sunset that I was born.
Dusk did not mean darkness.The Northern Hemisphere was lit up by the Earth Engines.These giant engines had been raised all across Asia and North America; only the solid plates beneath those two continents c
38、ould resist the great pushing forces they exerted.There were about 12,000 Earth Engines built and distributed across the Asian and American plains.
From my home I could see the bright plasma plumes (等離子氣柱) of several hundred Earth Engines.Just imagine a titanic palace, one as large as the Parthenon
39、 on the Acropolis.Now imagine countless titanic pillars rising from that palace, reaching to the heavens, each releasing brilliant, bluish white light like a titanic shining tube.And then there is you; you are a microbe on the palaces floor.This only begins to paint the picture of the world we lived
40、 in.
This picture, however, is not yet complete.In order to survive the melting temperature of the expanding sun, we have to push the Earth away from it.First, the Earth must be stopped from rotating.Only the forces acting tangentially (正切地) to the Earths rotation could slow it, so the Earth Engine
41、s had to be built to a specific angle.Those gigantic pillars of light were leaning to that angle.Now imagine what that meant for our palace, with its pillars all leaning on the point of falling down! Many who came from the Southern Hemisphere went mad when suddenly seeing this awesome view.
Worse t
42、han the view was the burning heat released by the Earth Engines.Outdoors the temperature was stuck at around 160 to 180 degrees, forcing us to wear special suits just to leave the house.The extremely high temperatures often brought pouring rains.It was always a terrifying scene when the beam of an E
43、arth Engine cut through dark clouds.The clouds scattered the brilliant, bluish white light of the beam, erupting it into endless rainbow light that covered the entire sky like white hot magma (巖漿)．
To my generation, born in the Northern Hemisphere, all of this was perfectly normal and natural, just
44、 like the Sun, stars and Moon had been to generations before the Reining Age.We called the entire history of the human race that had come before us the PreSolar Age; what a fascinating and golden era that had truly been!
The Reining Age left the earth with a horrifying result.The sea tides, quicke
45、ned by the Earth Engines, had swallowed two out of every three cities in the Northern Hemisphere; then the global increase in temperatures melted the polar icecap, resulting in floods that spread to the Southern Hemisphere.Thirty years earlier my grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that h
46、ad engulfed Shanghai.Even now, he could never tell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmile stare.
Our planet had already changed beyond recognition before it even set out on its journey.Who knew what hardships were waiting for us on our long travels through outer space?
語篇解讀：本文是一
47、篇科幻故事，主要幻想了“剎車時代”地球、太陽的運行狀況和人們的生活情況。
10．What happened when the author was born?
A．The earth had stopped turning for forty two years.
B．The sun was making its last fall towards the horizon.
C．All the Earth Engines had not been finished.
D．His family were suffering from the summer hotness.
解析：選B
48、 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“our family witnessed the last sunset”，然后 “In the end, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all ‘days’ and all ‘nights’”，可知作者出生的時候他的家人目睹了最后的日落，它落幕之后，地球就沒有白天也沒有黑夜。
11．Which of the following about the Earth Engines is right?
A．They were bu
49、ilt in Asia and North America due to their huge number and weight.
B．Their light and heat provided necessary energy for people to survive.
C．They were all built to point straight upward to the sky to stop the earth rotating.
D．Their existence brought both opportunities and inconvenience to people
50、 on the earth.
解析：選D 推理判斷題。文章第三段講這些地球的引擎能夠照亮北半球，但是給南半球的人們帶來了一種驚嚇感(第五段最后一句話)，同時，地球引擎會釋放出大量的熱(在第六段的第一句話)，導(dǎo)致人們要穿很厚的衣服，所以引擎既有好處又有不便。
12．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A．People born in the Southern Hemisphere could enjoy four different seasons.
B．The author missed his PreSolar Age
51、lifestyle very much.
C．Grandfather would never forget the scene of Shanghai being swallowed.
D．The author was discouraged but optimistic about the future of the earth.
解析：選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段第三、四句“Thirty years earlier my grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that had engulfed Shanghai.Even now
52、, he could never tell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmild stare”可知每次祖父回憶的時候總會反思很久很久，會盯著遠處很久很久。所以可以推斷上海的淹沒給祖父留下了深刻的印象。
13．In this excerpt (節(jié)選) we can clearly see that the author is good at ________.
A．describing mental activities
B．visualizing vivid scenes
C．doing experiment
53、al analysis
D．expressing personal belief
解析：選B 推理判斷題。此文出現(xiàn)了超多的just imagine, imagine, now imagine，所以作者是在把抽象的東西具體化，以生動的方式調(diào)動讀者的多重感官。
14．This excerpt is a part of ________.
A．a(chǎn) documentary novel
B．a(chǎn)n academic essay
C．a(chǎn) scientific research report
D．a(chǎn) science fiction
解析：選D 推理判斷題。文章中所描述的一些事情都是到目前為止并
54、沒有發(fā)生的事情，比如說作者說他出生在一個沒有日落和日出的時代，再比如提到由地球引擎加速的海潮吞沒了北半球每三個城市中的兩個，上海被吞沒等等，所以可以看得出這是一篇科幻小說。
15．What is the best title of this chapter?
A．The Last Sunset
B．The Earth Engines
C．The Reining Age
D．The PostSolar Life
解析：選C 標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段一開始就提出作者認為自己生活在一個剎車時代。地球很快就要停止運轉(zhuǎn)了。接下去幾段都在講剎車時代地球、太陽的運行狀況和人們的生活情況。所以以“The Reining Age”作為標(biāo)題比較適合。
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（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解組合練（四）
