高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 語法突破 專題十一 特殊句式課件.ppt

專題11 特殊句式,考情分析 特殊句式為高中階段學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的基礎(chǔ)語法，在近年的高 考試卷中，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)這方面的考查的試題。尤其是省略句、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、主謂一致、There be 句型、感嘆句、祈使 句等方面。其中省略句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主謂一致是考查的重點(diǎn)。 具體掌握這些句式的結(jié)構(gòu)、分析這些句式的構(gòu)成是十分重要 的。除此之外，感嘆句主要考查what和how的選取，倒裝句 主要考查其在高考書面表達(dá)中的應(yīng)用。所以在高考備考中， 該部分內(nèi)容仍需要重點(diǎn)掌握，以便有充分的能力應(yīng)對高考。,考點(diǎn)一 倒裝句,1(2015·高考天津卷，T3)Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. Ashe realized Bhas she realized Cshe has realized Ddid she realize 解析：考查部分倒裝。句意：直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，她才意識(shí)到她把合同落在家里了。“only狀語從句”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝語序。由walked可知此處用一般過去時(shí)。故選did she realize。,D,2(2015·高考江蘇卷，T28)It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule. Adid I know Bhave I known Cdo I know Dhad I known 解析：考查虛擬語氣在倒裝句式中的應(yīng)用。句意：要是早知道時(shí)間表的話，可能會(huì)省去我一些麻煩。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虛擬語氣。本句表示與過去事實(shí) 相反的情況，故從句謂語用had known。if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中含有were，had，should時(shí)，可將它們提到主語之前，并將if省略。,D,表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，then, in，up，down，off，away，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞多為be，come，go等，并且主語是名詞時(shí)(主語為代詞時(shí)，不能倒裝)。,表語置于句首，為保持句子平衡，或以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或使上下文銜接需倒裝。結(jié)構(gòu)為：表語系動(dòng)詞主語。,only所修飾的詞、短語或從句位于句首作狀語時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝(only修飾主語時(shí)，不倒裝)。,含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，seldom，little，hardly, by no means，not until等)位于句首時(shí)。,hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but(also)等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，若hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝,后一個(gè)分句不變。,so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)。,so/such.that.句型中，當(dāng)suchn.或soadj./adv.位于句首時(shí)，主句部分倒裝，that從句不倒裝。,though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)通常用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞though/as主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。,當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had,were或should等時(shí),如將if省略，則要將had,were或should提到主語之前。,(2015·高考湖北卷，完成句子，改編)Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teachers sweet voice，“Good morning，children.” 在全班同學(xué)靜靜的等待中傳來了老師甜甜的嗓音：“孩子 們，早上好?！?Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困 難他才意識(shí)到我們愛護(hù)家人是非常重要的。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 討論這個(gè)問題數(shù)小時(shí)后他們才作出決定。,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前從沒見過打網(wǎng)球和羅伯特一樣好的人。 John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 約翰打開門，他從來沒有見過的一個(gè)女孩子站在那兒。 The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons.電腦被應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中。結(jié)果，不僅節(jié)省了老師 的精力，學(xué)生也對課堂更感興趣了。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚(yáng)。,1(2015·高考湖南卷，T23)Only after talking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. AI did discover Bdid I discover CI discovered Ddiscovered I 解析：考查部分倒裝。句意：直到跟兩個(gè)學(xué)生談了話以后我 才發(fā)現(xiàn)，有強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)是達(dá)到目標(biāo)的最重要的因素之一。 only修飾after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，且位于句首，故句子需用部 分倒裝語序。,B,2(2014·高考陜西卷，T17)No sooner _stepped onthe stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. Ahad Mo Yan BMo Yan had Chas Mo Yan DMo Yan has 解析：考查倒裝句以及時(shí)態(tài)。句意：莫言一登上舞臺(tái)，觀眾 就發(fā)出了雷鳴般的掌聲.no sooner.than.“一就” 是一個(gè)固定搭配，而且主句通常用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)；no sooner 置于句首時(shí)，其后用部分倒裝，所以選擇A項(xiàng)。這個(gè)句子轉(zhuǎn) 化為陳述句為：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.。,A,考點(diǎn)二 強(qiáng)調(diào)句,1(2015·高考重慶卷，T9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized. Awhile Bthough Cthat Dafter 解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂天賦才被完全承認(rèn)。it is/was.that.是強(qiáng) 調(diào) 句型，本題被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間狀語not until the early 19th century。,C,2(2015·高考湖南卷，T21)It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dhow 解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判定。句意：是我們快要回家的時(shí) 候，我才意識(shí)到了幫助有困難的人感覺多么美妙！強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who剩余部 分”。若將It is/was與that/who去掉，句子成分仍然完整，那 么該句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。經(jīng)判斷，When we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.句子成分完整，由此可以斷定本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,空格處 應(yīng)用that。,B,陳述句式：It is/was.that/who.(強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語以外的成分),一般疑問句：Is/Wasit.that/who.？,特殊疑問句：疑問詞is/wasitthat/who.？,“not.until.”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is/was not until.that.(注意時(shí)態(tài)),do/does/did動(dòng)詞原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)),It is the TV programme The song of China that has made Zhao Lei so famous.是電視節(jié)目中國好歌曲 使趙雷大大出名了。 It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到來到這里我才意識(shí)到這個(gè)地方不僅因?yàn)樗拿利惗劽€因它的天氣而聞名。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少而是我們將多少愛投入到我們所從事的事業(yè)中。,The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today? 那個(gè)病人看上去好多了。是什么讓他變成今天這樣的呢？ It was Chai Jing that presented a selffunded documentary about smog in January，2015. 是柴靜在2015年1月公布了自費(fèi)拍攝的關(guān)于霧霾的紀(jì)錄片。,1(2014·高考湖南卷，T33)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _makes life happy. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwho 解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：讓生活愉快的不是做我們喜歡的事情，而是喜歡那些我們不得不做的事情。本題中包含結(jié)構(gòu)not.but.“不是而是”,連接平行的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。,A,2It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued. Awho Bthat Cwhen Dhow 解析：考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下，這個(gè) 登 山運(yùn)動(dòng)員才得以獲救。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who.。,B,考點(diǎn)三 主謂一致,1(2015·高考湖南卷，T27)It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years to achieve. Ais；takes Bare；takes Care；take Dis；take 解析：考查主謂一致。句意：重要的是要記住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的總和，它常常需要很多年的時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。此處success是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。,A,2(2014·高考湖南卷，T32)All we need_a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. Aare Bwas Cis Dwere 解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們所需要的就是一小塊地而已，在那里我們可以在整個(gè)作物生長期內(nèi)栽種各種 各樣的果樹。根據(jù)空格后的a small piece of land可知， 本句 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該是單數(shù)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)of”等后接名詞作主語時(shí)， 句子謂語動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)其后的名詞而定，所以排除are和 were。而根據(jù)句中的All we need可知，這里說的是現(xiàn)在的事 實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故排除was，所以選擇C項(xiàng)。,C,1語法一致 主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but， except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to 等引起的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女兒們今 年夏天將要一起參觀北京。,2就近一致 由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。 3意義一致 (1)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/ many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). (2)“half/most/part/the rest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語 時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)名詞的形式來確定。,Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天僅完成了60%的工作。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 這些書中大約有三分之一的書值得一讀。 Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 三分之一的國土被樹覆蓋，而且大多數(shù)的公民是黑人。 (3)非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù). To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。,What he has said leaves much for us to think about. 他說的話發(fā)人深省。 (4)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)， 通常當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Twenty years is a long time in ones life. 二十年在人的一生中是很長的一段時(shí)間。 20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 兩萬美元不是一筆小數(shù)目。,1Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。從題干可以看出本題的主語是students inner motivation，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題中的Generally可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。,A,2The famous musician，as well as his students，_ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. Awere invited Bwas invited Chave been invited Dhas been invited 解析：題干的意思是：“這位著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請為2012年臺(tái)北花卉展的開幕式表演。”“被邀請”是一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，而且不表示對現(xiàn)在造成了影響，也不表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以不能選用完成時(shí)。根據(jù)主謂一致的語法規(guī)則，A as well as B作主語時(shí)，遵循“就前原則”， 也就是說謂語動(dòng)詞要和A保持一致。也可以理解為本句的 主 語是A而不是B，所以本題謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和the famous musician保持一致，用was invited。,B,考點(diǎn)四 省 略,1(2015·高考北京卷，T31)If _ for the job，youll be informed soon. Ato accept Baccept Caccepting Daccepted 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做這份工作，你很快就會(huì)接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，所以答案為D。本題中if之后省略了主語和be動(dòng)詞, 補(bǔ)充完整為：If you are accepted for the job，youll be informed soon.。,D,2(2015·高考湖南卷，T24)Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands. Ato leave Bleaving Cleave Dleft 解析：考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合適的人的手中， 電子游戲就會(huì)有一個(gè)很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，主語video games與leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去 分詞.if left.是“連詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語從句的省略.,D,1狀語從句的省略 在時(shí)間、讓步、方式、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句中如果狀語從句的 主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it，而且狀語從 句的 謂語中有be動(dòng)詞,可以將從句中的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略。 2不定式的省略 (1) 不定式作動(dòng)詞expect，refuse，mean，like，love， prefer，wish，hope，want等的賓語時(shí)，常承前省略不定式 后的內(nèi)容，但保留不定式符號(hào)to。 (2)當(dāng)不定式在形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted， anxious等后作狀語時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略。,If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. 如果有人要求為他照看行李，請馬上報(bào)警。 Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.這家公司雖然小，但它在30多個(gè)國家有大 約1 000個(gè)客戶。 There are some health problems that，when not treated(when some health problems are not treated )in time，can become bigger ones later on. 有一些健康問題，如果不及時(shí)處理，過些時(shí)候會(huì)變成比較嚴(yán) 重的問題。,It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If so，wed better take it to the garage immediately. 汽車的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)聽上去好像出問題了。如果這樣的話，我們 最好馬上把它弄到修理廠。 I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 我請他去看電影，但他不想去。 He hasnt finished the work. 他還沒有完成工作。 Well，he ought to have. 哦，他早該完成了。,1(2014·高考福建卷,T28)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，_，reaching 30 in summer. Aif not Bif ever Cif any Dif so 解析：考查省略句。句意：這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經(jīng)有的話，在夏季氣溫極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。if not如果不；if ever如 果曾經(jīng)有，如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生；if any如果有的話；if so如果是這 樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(極 少)可知，空格處表達(dá)的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。,B,2The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ Anot to do Bnot to Cnot do Ddo not 解析：考查省略。句意：那個(gè)司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤叄蔷觳辉试S他這樣做。這里為了避免重復(fù)，省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。,B,考點(diǎn)五 其他特殊句式,1(2015·高考湖南卷，T32)Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. Ato keep Bto have kept Ckeep Dhave kept 解析：考查祈使句。句意：一直要記住：你的主要任務(wù)是 使這家公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，故用 keep。,C,2(2014·高考天津卷，T1)Give me a chance，_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. Aif Bor Cand Dwhile 解析：考查“祈使句and簡單句”。句意：給我一個(gè)機(jī) 會(huì)，我就會(huì)給你一個(gè)大驚喜。由空格前的“給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)” 和空格后的“我就會(huì)給你一個(gè)大驚喜”可知空格前后兩部分 是順接關(guān)系，需用and連接，所以選擇C項(xiàng)。,C,3(2014·高考重慶卷，T10)I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you? Amustnt Bhavent Cdidnt Dhadnt 解析：考查反意疑問句。句意：去年夏天，我在倫敦度 過了兩個(gè)星期。那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物 館，是不是？must have done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示對過去事情的 肯定推測，當(dāng)句末有反意疑問的語氣時(shí)，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為 “havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，反 意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“didnt.？”.根據(jù)題干中的過去時(shí)間狀語 last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng) 用第二種情況。,C,1祈使句的固定句式 (1)祈使句and簡單句 “如果就” (2)祈使句or/otherwise簡單句 “否則” (3)名詞詞組(多含有more，another)and簡單句 “如果 再就” 2感嘆句的固定句式 (1)Whata/an形容詞單數(shù)名詞主語謂語！How 形容詞a/an單詞名詞主語謂語！ (2)What(形容詞)不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語謂語！ (3)How形容詞/副詞主語謂語！ (4)How主語謂語！,3反意疑問句 (1)祈使句的反意疑問句 肯定的祈使句，反意疑問部分用will you/wont you。 否定的祈使句，反意疑問部分用will you。 Lets.，shall we? Let us.，will you? (2)主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句，與主句的主謂語保持一致。 但當(dāng)陳述部分是I /We think/believe/expect/suppose加從句 時(shí)，疑問句應(yīng)和從句的人稱時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。,當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問部分為肯定式 時(shí)，其回答往往與漢語不一致，要特別注意！ Tom doesnt know it，does he? 湯姆不知道這事，對吧？ No，he doesnt./Yes，he does. 對，他不知道。/不，他知道。 (2014·高考大綱全國卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. 明天給我打電話，我會(huì)讓你知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的。 (2014·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)觀察有無變化發(fā)生。,You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.你得讓開，否則卡車從你身邊過不去。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there？毫無疑問，你認(rèn)為他是無辜的。難道不是嗎？ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.這個(gè)驚人的消息使我意識(shí)到我們將面臨多么 嚴(yán)重的問題。,陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句。(1)must作 “必須”講時(shí)，其反意疑問部分用neednt；當(dāng)含有mustnt 時(shí)，其反意疑問部分用must/may。(2)當(dāng)must 表示推測，作 “一定”講時(shí)，把推測的句子變成一個(gè)表事實(shí)的陳述句，然 后根據(jù)陳述句變反意疑問句。 The work must have been finished yesterday，wasnt it？The work was finished yesterday，wasnt it?,1Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhere 解析：考查名詞性從句和感嘆句。句意：別讓失敗使你灰心喪氣，因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能弄清楚你離勝利有多近。及物動(dòng)詞tell后接感嘆句構(gòu)成的賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處修飾形容詞close，故應(yīng)用how。,A,2Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. Aread Breading Cto read Dreads 解析：考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，前面為主 句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句，故選A。此處不要被時(shí)間狀語 “Every day”所迷惑。,A,