高考英語大一輪復習 專項7 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt

專項七 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),一、一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經常或習慣性的動作，多用行為動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。 (2013·陜西卷) On Monday mornings it usually _ (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理(不受主句時態(tài)的限制) The geography teacher told us the earth _ (move) around the sun.,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點 落 實 ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,邊 做 邊 悟,(3)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 (2013·重慶卷) A Midsummer Night's Dream _ (open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (4)在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中有時可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示時態(tài)。 (2013·新課標全國卷)If we _ (not act)now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.,(5)以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。 There comes the bus.汽車來了。 Here she comes.她來了。 答案 takes moves opens don't act,二、一般過去時 (1)過去某一時間內經常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 (四川卷)You speak very good French! Thanks.I _ (study)French in Sichuan University for four years. (2)表達過去發(fā)生的動作。 (2013·山東卷) I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it _ (be)pretty good. (2013·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you _ (advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?,(3)有些動詞如：think, want, plan等用在一般過去時中常常譯為“原來認為/以為，原來想，原計劃”。 I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 我原以為這部電影是很有趣的，但是事實并非如此。 答案 studied was advertised,三、現(xiàn)在完成時 (1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響或結果，說話時已完成的動作。 (2013·新課標全國卷) When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I _ ( change)my mind. (2013·山東卷) Oh no! We're too late.The train _ (leave) That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London. 答案 have changed has left,(2)表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for.”，“since.”表述的一段時間狀語連用。 He has learned English for six years. 他學英語已經六年了。 They have worked here since they left college. 他們大學畢業(yè)以后就在這里工作。,四、過去進行時 (1)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 (2013·新課標全國卷) We _ (leave)very early so we packed the night before. 答案 were leaving,(2)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示)。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天一整天他都在準備他的演講。 (3)表示過去將來動作。 He said he was arriving the next day. 他說他將在第二天到達。,五、現(xiàn)在進行時 (1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。 (2013·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ ( repaired)one of the main pipes. 答案 are repairing (2)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。,六、一般將來時 (1)表示將來的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。 (2013·湖南卷) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs.Crawford.“ Oh, I _ (be)president，” said the boy with a smile. 答案 will be (2)表示一種傾向或習慣性動作。 Oil will float on water.油會浮在水面上。 Crops will die without water.沒有水莊稼會死亡。,七、被動語態(tài) (1)只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語才有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)。 Food supplies in the flood stricken area _ (快要用完了)We must act immediately before there's none left. (2013·北京卷)So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ ( interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.,(2)被動語態(tài)的構成為be過去分詞，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，除be外被動語態(tài)的構成形式還有：get/become 過去分詞 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ (被付給報酬)on Friday. 答案 are running out are interviewed get paid,(3)有一類動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。如果表示主語內在的特征、性質或所處的狀態(tài)而不是強調動作本身，一般用主動形式表示被動含義，常見的有read, write, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut等。請試著體會下面句子中黑體部分的不同。 His books sell well, so they are sold soon. 他的書很暢銷，因此很快就賣光了。 The door won't open, so we will ask a repairman to open it.這門打不開，所以我們請修理工打開它。,1Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _！(promise) 【誤】 has promised 【正】 promised 解析 南希“答應要來”這個動作應該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒有關系，只是過去的一個動作。,考 點 警 示,2托尼給我打電話時，我剛完成工作，要開始洗澡。 【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析 從關鍵信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出是“正要開始洗澡”應該是進行時，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進行的動作；而 started 表示“開始了”。,3. 很多的鳥類正被人們捕殺。 【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 解析 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結構要完整，不能遺漏 其中的助動詞，導致時態(tài)錯誤。,1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經常性、習慣性或永久性的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時則強調過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，或過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 (江西高考)Look! Somebody _ (clean)the sofa. Well, it wasn't me.I didn't do it. (安徽高考)In order to find the missing child, villagers _ (do)all they can over the past five hours.,易 錯 防 范,2一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較 一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與過去時間狀語連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，常與一段時間連用；一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與already, ever, never, yet, just等詞連用。 (湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend)since I came to this school.,3一般過去時與過去完成時的比較 一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去；而過去完成時表示在過去某個動作發(fā)生之前已經發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。 (山東高考)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children _ (eat)everything! (全國卷)If you don't like the drink you _ (order)just leave it and try a different one. 答案 has cleaned have been doing have attended had eaten ordered,4be going to與will表將來的比較 be going to表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情；而will不強調行為的計劃性，多指臨時的決定或安排。 Mary is ill.I am going to visit her. Sorry, I didn't know.I will go with you. 瑪麗病了，我打算去看她。 抱歉我不知道，我和你一塊去。,