高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 情景交際課件.ppt

情景交際,. 社會(huì)交往 一、問(wèn)候 1. 基本用語(yǔ): 1) 見(jiàn)面問(wèn)候： Good morning. Hello/Hi. 2) 代向某人問(wèn)候： Best wishes/ regards to sb.give ones regards to sb. give ones best regards to sb.,知識(shí)梳理,3) 替某人向問(wèn)好： say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. give ones regards to sb. Please remember me to. 回答：I will. Thanks.,4) How do you do? (初次見(jiàn)面) How do you do? How are you? (比較熟悉的人) Fine, thank you. And you? /Very well, thank you. How are you getting along with.? Everything is fine! How are you doing? Im just great!,How is everything? Very well, thank you! How is your vacation/ holiday/ weekend? Not bad! Whats up? Couldnt be better, thank you! Whats going on? Just so-so.,2. 注意要點(diǎn)： 1) “How are you?”用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的身體情況，可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答，如：Fine/Very well, thank you. (very) good不能用來(lái)表示身體健康。假如身體確實(shí)不太舒服并想讓對(duì)方知道，不妨說(shuō)“Not too well, Im afraid.”,2) 對(duì)于不認(rèn)識(shí)的人，想要他(或她)停下的說(shuō)法：Hey, Sir/ Madam！或Just a moment, Sir/ Madam. 3) 與英美人見(jiàn)面寒暄時(shí)，不應(yīng)問(wèn)及他(或她)的年齡、婚否、收入等個(gè)人隱私情況。,二、介紹 1. 基本用語(yǔ): 1) This is Mr/ Mrs/ Miss/ Ms/. May I introduce you to.? Id like you to meet. 2) How do you do? Nice/ Glad/ Pleased to see/meet you. Nice meeting you. 3) My name is. Im a. (student/ teacher，etc.) May I know your name?,2注意要點(diǎn): 1) “Nice to meet you.”與“Nice to see you.”有一點(diǎn)區(qū)別：前者是初次見(jiàn)面被人介紹相識(shí)后的寒暄用語(yǔ)(認(rèn)識(shí)你很高興)；后者與前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之間一段時(shí)間未見(jiàn)面后再次相遇。兩者回答用語(yǔ)與問(wèn)候語(yǔ)相同。 2) “Nice to meet you.”表示初次見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候，而“Nice meeting you.”則是初次見(jiàn)面告別時(shí)的用語(yǔ)。,三、告別 1基本用語(yǔ): 1) 直接的告別語(yǔ)有： Goodbye/ Bye­bye/Bye！ See you (tomorrow)！See you later! Farewell! Good night. 2) 委婉的告別語(yǔ)有： Id like to say goodbye to everyone. Im calling to say goodbye.,Im afraid I must be leaving/ off now. I think it's time for us to leave now. 3) 其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等意義的告別 語(yǔ)： Ill look forward to seeing you soon. Lets hope well meet again. Hope to see you again. Drop in anytime you like.,2注意要點(diǎn): 告別前通常要說(shuō)一兩句客套話，如：Im afraid I must be off/ going now. 長(zhǎng)久告別時(shí)，還可同時(shí)表達(dá)希望今后多聯(lián)系 (Keep/ Get in touch.)、要對(duì)方保重身體 (Take care.)、問(wèn)候?qū)Ψ郊胰?Please send my best regards to your family.)等。,四、感謝 基本用語(yǔ): 1) 感謝用語(yǔ)： Thank you very much Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Thanks for. Its very kind of you to.,I appreciate your help. Thank you all the same. Its most thoughtful of you. I dont know how to express my thanks.,2) 答語(yǔ)： Not at all. Thats all right/ OK. Youre welcome. Its really nothing. Dont mention it.,五、道歉 1. 基本用語(yǔ): 1) 道歉用語(yǔ)： Im sorry. Im sorry for/ about. Im sorry to do. Im sorry to have done. Excuse/ Pardon me (for.) Please forgive me for. sb. be afraid that. What a pity/ shame! Its a pity that.,2) 答語(yǔ)： It is not important. Its quite all right. Never mind. It doesnt matter (at all). Not at all. Its nothing. Thats nothing. Please dont worry. Its nothing to worry about. Dont mention it. Thats okay. Dont let it bother you.,2注意要點(diǎn): 1) “Excuse me”常用于下列情形：需要打斷別人談話或工作時(shí)；有求于他人時(shí)；因故需要暫時(shí)離開(kāi)時(shí)；就某事表示不同意見(jiàn)時(shí)；自己的言行將會(huì)影響他人時(shí)。(即：在說(shuō)或做可能令人不悅的事情之前使用以引起別人注意) 打擾別人為“勞駕”；請(qǐng)求別人讓路、向別人問(wèn)路、打聽(tīng)消息意為“對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)問(wèn)”?；卮饡r(shí)說(shuō)：Yes?,2) “Sorry.” 說(shuō)話人做了錯(cuò)事或無(wú)意中與別人發(fā)生沖撞時(shí)于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能滿足他人要求而表示歉意。 3) “I beg your pardon?”表示聽(tīng)話人未能聽(tīng)清楚他人所說(shuō)的話，希望說(shuō)話人重復(fù)所說(shuō)的話時(shí)的禮貌用法，“麻煩再說(shuō)一遍”。 4) “Im sorry to hear it/that.”則是對(duì)說(shuō)話者本人或近親屬已經(jīng)發(fā)生的不幸表示遺憾。,六、邀請(qǐng) 1基本用語(yǔ): 1) Would you come to.? Would you like to.? Id like to invite you to. 2)Yes, Id love/be glad/happy to(.) Ill be glad to. Of course. Yes, its very kind/nice of you. Yes, great. Sure. Yes, with pleasure. 3) Id love to, but. Im sorry, but I cant.,2. 注意要點(diǎn): 1) 接受他人邀請(qǐng)時(shí)通常還要表示一下感謝： Yes, Id love to. Yes, its very kind/ nice of you. Yes, with pleasure. 2) 如果是稍有保留地接受，可這樣說(shuō)： I will if I can. Its very kind of you to invite me, but Im not sure if I can come.,3) 拒絕他人的邀請(qǐng)一般不直接說(shuō)No，而要婉言謝絕(通常會(huì)說(shuō)明理由)，并要聲明自己是愿意接受“邀請(qǐng)”的，但因某種原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感謝。常用： Id like to, but Im too busy. I really enjoy it, but Ive got to go now. I wish I could accept your invitation, but Im afraid I dont have time to go. Thank you for your kindness, but Ive got an appointment at that time.,七、祝愿和祝賀 基本用語(yǔ)： 1) Best wishes to you! I wish you good health. Good luck! Good luck with. Wish you success！May you success/succeed! 2) Merry Christmas！ 3) Congratulations (on.)！Well done! 4) Enjoy your vacation！Enjoy your stay in China.,八、提供幫助 基本用語(yǔ)： 1) 提供幫助： Can/Could/Shall I help you? What can I do for you? Is there anything (else) I can do for you? Would you like to.? Can you do me a favor?,2) 接受幫助： That would be nice/fine. That's very kind of you. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. Here, take this/ my.,九、打電話 1. 基本用語(yǔ): Hello！May I speak to.? Hello！Is.in? May/Could I speak to.? Is that. (speaking)? Hold on, please. Hello, who is it/that? He /She isnt here right now. Can I take a message for you? This is. speaking.,2. 注意要點(diǎn): 代接電話的人叫某人接電話時(shí)，先對(duì)打電話的人說(shuō)：Hold on, please. Just a minute, please. 然后叫人接電話：You are wanted on the phone. Theres a call for you.,十、就餐 基本用語(yǔ): What would you like (to have).? Would you like something (to eat/drink)? Help yourself to some. Let me give you. Make yourself at home. Id like. A cake/ Two eggs, please. Yes, please. Just a little, please. Ive had enough. Im full, thank you. No, thanks.,Can I have the bill, please? Its my treat this time. Ill pay. Lets go Dutch this time. Waiter! The bill, please.,十一、就醫(yī) 聽(tīng)到自己的親人、朋友或熟人等談到有關(guān)身體健康的問(wèn)題時(shí)，如“I think I have a bad cold.”如果是朋友，回答“Im sorry to hear that.”或“Youd better see a doctor.”如果是說(shuō)給醫(yī)生聽(tīng)，醫(yī)生需用“Take it easy.”來(lái)回答。 1) 醫(yī)生詢問(wèn)病人的用語(yǔ)： Whats the matter with you？ Whats wrong with you?,2) 病人應(yīng)答語(yǔ)： Theres something wrong with my back. I have a headache/ My head aches. I have got a cough. I have got a pain here. It hurts here and there. I dont feel well today.,3) 醫(yī)生診斷、提建議及安慰用語(yǔ)： Let me take your temperature. Its nothing serious. You had better ask for a leave and have a rest for a few days. Drink more water and have a good rest. Take these pills 3 times a day.,十二、提醒注意 Dont forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door. Make sure that all the windows are closed. No Smoking! No Spitting! Look out! Be careful! Wet floor! Dont touch! Its dangerous! Keep off! Wet paint!,十三、建議與勸告 以建議或者勸告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因?yàn)檎f(shuō)話人只是提出建議，而把做與不做的決定權(quán)留給聽(tīng)話人。 對(duì)于他人提出的建議和忠告，若認(rèn)為可以接受，要表示贊賞或感謝。在拒絕對(duì)方的建議時(shí)，一般要給出理由。,基本用語(yǔ)： 1) I advise you (not) to. Youd better (not). I suggest that you (should). Why not.? Why dont you do.? How/ What about doing.? Shall we.? Lets.,2) Yes, I suppose so. Yes, but dont you think.? Thats great. Thats a good idea. Why not? 3) Thats impossible, but thank you all the same. Its not our fault. Im afraid I cant do that. Im afraid I cant follow your advice.,. 情感 一、高興 Im glad/ pleased/ happy to. Thats nice/ wonderful/ great. How wonderful/nice! 二、驚奇 Really?/ Is that so? Oh dear！/My God！Good heavens!/ Thank Goodness！ I can hardly believe my ears/ eyes.,三、憂慮 Whats wrong？ Whats the matter (with you)? Is there anything wrong? Oh, what shall I do? We were all anxious about.,四、滿意 Good！Well done！Perfect! Thats fine. Thats better. Thats good enough. Im pleased with 五、遺憾 Im so sorry！Its a great pity！ What a shame! Thats too bad! I wish I had never given it up. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake.,六、同情 Im so sorry! Im so sorry about your illness. Im sorry to hear you are going away. Please accept my deep sympathy.,. 態(tài)度 一、同意與不同意 當(dāng)對(duì)方提出某種觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求時(shí)，要表示恰當(dāng)而具體的態(tài)度。要有明確答復(fù)。 1. 同意： Certainly/ Sure/ Of course. All right. Yes, I think so. Thats true. Good! Excellent! What a good idea! It couldnt be better. Thats a good idea. Its a good idea that. I agree(with you). Thats the right thing to do.,2. 不同意： No, I dont think so. Im afraid not. Im afraid I (really) cant agree with you. Its not very nice. I dont think that is a good idea. Personally, I feel that its unwise. What a terrible idea！No way！,二、肯定與不肯定 對(duì)某件事情的真實(shí)性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英語(yǔ)中常用sure，certain，doubt等詞或may，might，must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)。may，might具有試探性，must表示一種邏輯推斷的必然。此外，為了增強(qiáng)客氣的口吻，表示不肯定時(shí)可以伴隨一些表示遺憾、擔(dān)憂或歉意的表達(dá)方式。,三、可能與不可能 He may. It is possible that. It is likely that. He is not likely to do/ that. It looks as if/ though it might rain later. It appears to me that well have to go on foot. I doubt that. Thats/ Its quite impossible. Its very unlikely. Thats hardly possible. Thatll never happen.,四、偏愛(ài)與愛(ài)好 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? I prefer tea to coffee. prefer to do rather than do prefer doing to doing Id like to go by train. My favorite subject is physics. Id rather drink coffee than tea.,五、意愿與打算 當(dāng)希望別人做某事或者不愿意讓別人做某事，或者表達(dá)自己的一種希望、愿望時(shí)需要恰當(dāng)用詞，這樣才能準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)自己的意圖。 Im going to. I will. I would like to. I feel like. I (do not) wish/ want/ hope to. I wish that. I intend/ mean/ plan to.,Im ready to. I would rather not tell you. I would do it if I should have the chance. If only I could see him.,六、征求或表達(dá)意見(jiàn) 在表明自己對(duì)事物的判斷時(shí)，好壞要明確，是非要分明。尤其在對(duì)方干得比較出色時(shí)，要多加鼓勵(lì)。如Well done！Good job！Quite perfect！等。 如果要陳述自己的某些觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中一般要使用一些較委婉的短語(yǔ)，如：in my opinion, as I see it, so far as I know, personally speaking等。,交際用語(yǔ)的考查點(diǎn)相對(duì)集中。主要考查社會(huì)交往中的一些日常交際用語(yǔ)。以應(yīng)答為主，提問(wèn)為輔； 以跨文化交際中差異明顯的交際項(xiàng)目為重點(diǎn)考查對(duì)象。 1. 考查習(xí)慣應(yīng)答語(yǔ)。問(wèn)候、告別、打電話、問(wèn)路、看病、購(gòu)物、感謝、道歉、祝愿、請(qǐng)求等常見(jiàn)的交際話題均有其較為固定的套語(yǔ)。用英美人的思維方式，遵循習(xí)慣進(jìn)行回答。常見(jiàn)回答用語(yǔ)主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：,考點(diǎn)歸納,1) 常用于接受或拒絕請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有：With pleasure./ Yes, help yourself./ No problem./ Good idea./ Sorry, but/ Id rather you/ Thank you, but/ No way./ Forget it.等。 2) 常用于感謝的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有：Thats all right./ You are welcome./ Dont mention it./ It is my pleasure (My pleasure)./ Not at all.等。,3) 常用于道歉的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有：Never mind./ It doesnt matter./ Not at all./ Thats all right./ That is nothing.等。 4) 常用于祝愿和祝賀的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有：Good luck!/ Best wishes to you!/ Have a nice time!/ Congratulations!/ Merry Christmas!/ Thank you./ The same to you.等。,2. 考查文化差異語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)在交際文化方面有許多共同之處，但也存在諸多差異。這些差異往往是考查的重中之重。避免母語(yǔ)交際定式的干擾，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的文化交際習(xí)慣來(lái)應(yīng)答是掌握文化差異的關(guān)鍵。,3. 考查語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)。根據(jù)不同的交際情景，說(shuō)話者會(huì)采用不同的交際用語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度和情感。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人對(duì)剛剛提出的說(shuō)法或意見(jiàn)持肯定態(tài)度時(shí)，可以說(shuō)：Yes，I think (suppose, believe) so./ Yes, Im afraid so. 對(duì)剛剛提出的說(shuō)法或意見(jiàn)持否定態(tài)度時(shí)，則說(shuō)：No，I dont think (suppose) so./ No, I dont believe so./ No, I believe (suppose) not./ No, I hope not./ No, I am afraid not.,1. Reading is the best way to pass time on the train. _. I never go travelling without a book. A. You are joking B. That's true C. I dont think so D. It sounds like fun,B,2. I'm sorry for breaking the cup. Oh, _I've got plenty. A. forget it B. my pleasure C. help yourself D. pardon me 3. _！Somebody has left the lab door open. Don't look at me. ADear me BHi, there CThank goodness DCome on,A,A,4. Is Anne coming tomorrow? _If she were to come, she would have called me. AGo ahead BCertainly CThat's right DI don't think so 5.How about dinner tonight? It's on me. _ A. You are welcome B. Oh, I'd like to C. Well, I'm afraid so D. That's all right,D,B,6. I am going to Spain for a holiday soon. _. A. It's my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 7. Could I use this dictionary? _. It's a spare one. A. Good idea B. Just go ahead C. You're welcome D. You'd better not,D,B,鞏固練習(xí),Im sorry, Sir. I got stuck in the heavy snow on the way to work this morning. _ you were so late. It is none of your business. A. Go ahead B. Forget it C. No wonder D. No way 解析：go ahead “繼續(xù)”; forget it “沒(méi)關(guān)系; 算了”; no wonder “難怪”; no way “沒(méi)門(mén)”。,2. You know what? I am going to Shanghai on a free trip this weekend. _. A. Good for you! B. It is none of my business. C. You must have been cheated. D. So what? 解析：Good for you! 你真行! It is none of my business這不關(guān)我的事; You must have been cheated你肯定被騙了; So what? 那又怎樣?,3. My father is in hospital again. _. I hope hell recover soon. A. Its OK B. Sorry to hear that C. All right D. Dont mention it 解析：Sorry to hear that聽(tīng)到那件事我很難過(guò); Its OK/All right好的; Dont mention it別客氣。,4. Will you complete the task in time? Sure, I will. _. A. Everything is possible B. But its too hard C. No matter what will happen D. Though its a piece of cake 解析：此處答語(yǔ)部分相當(dāng)于Sure, I will complete the task in time, no matter what will happen。No matter what will happen是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。,5. It took me twenty years to build up my business, and it almost killed me. Well, you know what they say. _. A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains 解析：“花了我二十年時(shí)間成就事業(yè), 費(fèi)了不少勁”可知, 另一方則表達(dá)了觀點(diǎn)“不勞無(wú)獲(No pains, no gains)”。,6. Do you enjoy the seafood here? _, but Ive got used to it anyway. A. Cant like it better B. Not really C. Not bad actually D. Im really sorry,7. Its been raining for a whole week. I think itll get fine soon. _. We are getting into the rainy season now. A. Yes, it will B. Of course not C. Its possible D. Its hard to say 解析：一方認(rèn)為“天很快會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)晴”, 另一方則表示一種“不肯定”的看法: 很難說(shuō)。,8. Do you mind if I open the door? _. I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not B. Id rather you didnt C. Go ahead D. Please close it 解析：考查回答Do you mind if. . . 的用語(yǔ)。根據(jù)I feel a bit cold可知, 此處表示“我寧愿你別開(kāi)”。故選B。,9. It was announced that another student in our school had won the first prize for China High School Chemistry Olympiad. Oh, really? _ He must have put a lot of work into it. A. That sounds fine. B. Thats quite something. C. Thats a good point. D. Get a move on. 解析：Thats quite something. 表示對(duì)上面所說(shuō)情況的贊揚(yáng)和肯定, “真了不起”。,10. Im not good at table tennis, you know. _. Were playing for fun. Just try and youll see you can do it. A. Well, it depends. B. Take your time. C. Come on! D. Thats OK. 解析：A “好的, 看情況而定”; B “別著急”; C “(用于鼓勵(lì)他人)來(lái)吧”; D “好的”。,