高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 核心語法項項破 專題4 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件

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1、專題四動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 一、常用時態(tài)的基本用法時態(tài)時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般過去時did表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)、過去習(xí)慣性的動作，在時間或條件狀語從句中表過去將來等。He usually went to school by bike. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般現(xiàn)在時do/does表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作、現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的情況或狀態(tài)、客觀事實或普遍真理、按計劃要發(fā)生的動作以及在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中表將來等。The bus leaves at 5 oclock. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般將來時will/shall do表示單純的將來。shall用于第一

2、人稱，will用于各種人稱。will動詞原形還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。I will ask him for help. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般將來時is/am/are going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算或計劃將來要做的事情。The meeting is going to be held next week.表示根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事情。It looks as if it is going to rain. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般將來時is/am/are to do表示預(yù)先安排好的計劃或約定。I am to meet Mr.Zhang at

3、9 oclock this morning.表示說話人的意志、意圖、指責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。You are not to smoke in the living room.表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。Your plan is to be a success. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例一般將來時be about to do表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。I was (just) about to explain when she interrupted me. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例過去將來時would/should do常用于賓語從句或間接引語中，從過

4、去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)等。They asked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例現(xiàn)在進行時is/am/are doing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作和發(fā)生的事等。I am diong my homework now.過去進行時was/were doing表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作、按計劃過去某時刻要發(fā)生的動作等。I was shopping with my family. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成

5、的影響或結(jié)果、過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與already，so far，since，up to now, in the last段時間等連用。I have made much progress in math in the last three months. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)基本用法典例現(xiàn)在完成進行時has/havebeen doing表示過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(這個動作可能剛停止，也可能還在進行)，不少情況下表示與現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系，有時表示動作的重復(fù)等。I have been painting the house all the morning. 時態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例

6、)基本用法典例過去完成時had done表示在過去某個動作或時間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。I had finished the task before you called me. 根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and _(write) his essay there ever since.(2015福建) 2As you go through this book, you _(find) that each of the

7、millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.(2015湖南) 3I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”(2015湖南) 4He must have sensed that I _(look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”(

8、2015湖南) 5Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy right now.I _(fill) in an application form for a new job.(2014北京) 6The twins, who_(finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2014安徽) 7. When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _(change)my mind.(2013課標(biāo)) 8On Monday morn

9、ings it usually _ (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2013陜西) 9Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ (expect) us.(2013北京) 10Do you think Mom and Dad _ (be) late? (2013北京)No.Swiss Air is usually on time.【答案】1.has been writing2.will find3.asked4.was looking5.am fillin

10、g6.had finished7.have changed 8takes9.are expecting10.will be 二、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。 I have read the novel.我已經(jīng)讀了這本小說。 I read the novel yesterday.昨天我讀了這本小說。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1The real reason why prices _(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discu

11、ssion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015江蘇) 2During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_(increase) sharply.(2013浙江)【答案】1.were2.has increased 三、現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果。 I have finished the task.我已完成任務(wù)了。(做完了) I have been wor

12、king.我一直在工作。(未做完) 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1In the last few years, China _ (make)great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京) 2Marty_(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.(2015陜西) 3Tony, why are your eyes red?I _(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.(201

13、4江西) 4Since the time humankind started gardening, we _(try)to make our environment more beautiful.(2014湖南) 5The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody_(see) them since.(2014大綱卷) 【答案】1.has made2.has been working3.have been cutting4.have been trying5.has seen 四、一般過去時與過去完成時的區(qū)別 1一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過

14、去完成時則表示動作或存在的狀態(tài)是在過去某一時間以前發(fā)生的，即“過去的過去”。 2表示連續(xù)的動作常用and，but，then等連接(動作發(fā)生的先后順序有時可由動詞的詞匯意義來表示)，且常用一般過去時，而不用過去完成時。過去完成時常與by the end of last week/month/year，by last week/month或一般過去時的before/when從句連用。 3hope，expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose 等動詞的過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。 I had meant to see you last night,

15、 but I had an unexpected visitor.昨晚我本打算去看你的，但我有一位不速之客。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _(leave) my book in the cafe.(2015安徽) 2Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and_ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.(2014福建) 3Writing out

16、all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we _ (expect)(2014山東) 4. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ (see)most of the guests before.(2014浙江) 5Im calling about the apartment you _(advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽) 6I

17、 _(mean) to come to see you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.【答案】1.had left2.stayed3.had expected4.had seen5.advertised6.had meant 五、幾種時態(tài)的特殊用法 1一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： If it doesnt snow this afternoon, I will go shopping.如果今天下午不下雪，我將去購物。 (2)表示按時刻表發(fā)生的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： The train l

18、eaves at 10：00.Ill arrive at the railway station by 9：40.火車10點出發(fā)，我將于9：40到達火車站。 2進行時 (1)進行時表示動作的未完成性、暫時性、感情色彩(贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等)，經(jīng)常與always, constantly連用。 The lazy person always complaining about life.(厭惡)這個懶惰的人總是抱怨生活。 (2)動詞come, go, leave, stay, fly, arrive, begin, start, take等可用進行時表示將來。 I am taking my mothe

19、r to spend the holiday next month.下個月我將帶著母親去度假。 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Whenever you _ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.(2014湖南) 2If we dont act now to protect the environment, we_(live) to regret it.(2013課標(biāo)) 3We _(leave)very early so we packed the night before.(2

20、013課標(biāo)) 4Look at the timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 _ (take)off at 18：20. 5Mikes wife never gives him pocket money until he _(explain) clearly how he will spend it.【答案】1.buy2.will live3.were leaving4.takes 5has explained 六、常用的固定時態(tài) 1It/This/That is/was the序數(shù)詞time that“這是某人第次做某事”，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時。如：

21、This is the first time we have met in America. 2It is /has been/was時間段since從句，從句中用一般過去時/過去完成時。如： It has been 3 years since I smoked. 3It will (not) be/was(not)時間段before從句，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時/一般過去時。如： It will be 2 days before the task is accomplished. 4Hardly/Scarcely hadwhen，No sooner hadthan中，when從句和than從句用一

22、般過去時。如： Hardly had I arrived in Beijing when I rang up my father. 5by the time從句用一般現(xiàn)在時時，主句用將來完成時，by the time從句用一般過去時時；主句用過去完成時。如： By the time you wake up tomorrow, you will have found a nice gift in your stocking. 根據(jù)括號中的漢語和動詞提示完成下面的句子 1This is the first time she _ (參觀長城) 2It _(三年)since I gave up smo

23、king. 3It _(兩個月)before they accomplish the tough task completely. 4Hardly _ (我們一到山頂) when we collected the rubbish thrown here and there. 5He _(離開了)by the time we reached home.【答案】1.has visited the Great Wall2.is/has been 3 years3.will be two months 4had we arrived at the top of the mountain5.had le

24、ft 七、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成語態(tài)分類現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/aredone was/weredone will/shall be done would/should be done進行is/am/are being done was/were being done / /完成have/has been done had beendone will/shall have beendone would/should have been done 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_(reac

25、h) so far by the two sides.(2015天津) 2To my delight, I _(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015福建) 3It is reported that a space station _(build) on the moon in years to come.(2015安徽) 4We wont start the work until all the preparations_ (make)(2014天津) 5Unless some extr

26、a money _ (find), the theatre will close.(2014大綱卷)【答案】1.has been reached2.was chosen3.will be built4.have been made5.is found 八、主動表示被動的常用形式 1“系動詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 2表示主語的某種行為的不及物動詞，如read, write, sell, wash

27、, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主動形式表示被動含義。 3表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：The meeting began at 8 and ended at 10. 4動詞want, need, require, deserve后接不定式的被動形式或動名詞的主動形式意義相同。 根據(jù)括號中的漢語提示完成下面的句子 1By the time you have finished this book, your meal _(將會變涼) 2

28、I want to buy that jacket because I have been told the cloth _(很好洗) 3Food supplies in the floodstricken area _(快用光了)We must act immediately before theres none left. 4Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _(屬于) the welleducated. 5I heard that a big fire _(發(fā)生)in the hotel last night.【答案】1.will get cold2.washes well3.are running out4.belongs to5.broke out