高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型解讀 語(yǔ)法填空課件.ppt

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,語(yǔ)法填空,考 點(diǎn)分析,見(jiàn)資料書(shū)P12,根據(jù)上表，與原廣東卷的語(yǔ)法填空相比，考點(diǎn)基本相同，但又有細(xì)微差別。 1. 相同 ⑴ 短文材料：課標(biāo)卷I都是記敘文或夾敘夾議的文章，題材內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)正能量。但2015年課標(biāo)卷II是說(shuō)明文。 ⑵ 短文長(zhǎng)度：大約是200個(gè)詞。 ⑶ 必考點(diǎn)是：連詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。 ⑷ ?？键c(diǎn)是：冠詞、介詞、代詞、比較級(jí)。,⑸ ?？脊潭ù钆洌喝珖?guó)課標(biāo)卷和原廣東卷考過(guò)的固定搭配有(黑體部分是要求考生填的詞)： 全國(guó)卷——At the same time(2015,課標(biāo)II), It takes time to do sth. (課標(biāo)I), refuse to do sth. (課標(biāo)I), keep doing(課標(biāo)II), next to(課標(biāo)II),廣東卷——neither…nor… (2013), not…but… (2014), Why not do sth.? (2013), have a conversation (2011), a small amount of (2013), on sale (2009), at table (2009), at a price (2013), be tired from (2008), show respect for (2013), charge (…) for (2014),2. 不同 ⑴ 一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：全國(guó)卷考了行為動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句，要求填助動(dòng)詞did，但廣東卷沒(méi)考過(guò)。 ⑵ 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：給詞題中全國(guó)卷考了單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，但廣東卷沒(méi)考過(guò)。 ⑶ 給詞題中有代詞：全國(guó)卷中要求主語(yǔ)與賓格的變化，或變?yōu)槲镏鞔~，但廣東卷沒(méi)考。,⑷ 介詞和限定詞：在廣東卷必考，全國(guó)卷不一定考。 ⑸ 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：廣東卷為1～ 2題，但全國(guó)I卷考了1～3題。 ⑹ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：廣東卷考1～ 2題，而全國(guó)II卷考了3題。 ⑺ 給詞題個(gè)數(shù)：廣東卷3～4個(gè)，而全國(guó)卷7個(gè)。,一是掌握基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法：要復(fù)習(xí)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或考綱“附錄2 語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表”中規(guī)定的24個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。切實(shí)掌握每個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千萬(wàn)注意語(yǔ)法不要過(guò)細(xì)、過(guò)繁、過(guò)多、過(guò)難，不要將簡(jiǎn)單語(yǔ)法復(fù)雜化，而應(yīng)想方設(shè)法使復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單化，讓語(yǔ)法變得更簡(jiǎn)、更易、更有趣。,二是熟悉考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法填空的考點(diǎn)與短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)基本相同，具體有以下十大考點(diǎn)： 考點(diǎn)1：名詞 弄清數(shù)與格。即名詞是否該用復(fù)數(shù)，是否要用所有格。 ［例1］We were poor in those _______ (day). ［分析］因day是可數(shù)名詞，受those修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，故填days。,［例2］ It’s about an _____ (hour) drive from here. ［分析］句意是“離這里大約有一個(gè)小時(shí)的車(chē)程”，“一個(gè)小時(shí)的”用所有格，故填hour’s。,考點(diǎn)2：代詞 ⑴ 指代對(duì)象(通常是前面出現(xiàn)的名詞或整句)，是人還是事物，是男還是女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)。 ［例1］ The manager was about to leave when his secretary called ______ back. ［分析］作called的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填代詞；指代誰(shuí)？指代The manager，是人; 由his可知, 這個(gè)經(jīng)理是男的，是一個(gè)人，單數(shù)，且是作賓語(yǔ)，故填him。,⑵ 如是物主代詞(表示某人的)，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用名詞性物主代詞，在名詞前作定語(yǔ)只能用形容詞性物主代詞。 ［例2］Tom, a friend of ____ (I), is our monitor. ［分析］ 指“我的朋友”中的一個(gè)，表示“我的朋友(my friend)”，相當(dāng)于“一個(gè)形容詞性物主代詞+一個(gè)名詞”的意義，用名詞性物主代詞，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故填mine。,⑶ 反身代詞反指誰(shuí)，它通常作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，這時(shí)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)一致；也可作某些動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)需與主語(yǔ)一致。,［例3］ The children amused _______ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games. ［分析］缺賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填代詞；這些孩子拿誰(shuí)取樂(lè)，應(yīng)是“自?shī)首詷?lè)，游玩(amuse oneself)”，與主語(yǔ)The children一致，故填themselves。類似的短語(yǔ)還有enjoy oneself (玩得開(kāi)心), teach oneself(自學(xué)), adapt oneself (適應(yīng)), dress oneself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(單獨(dú)地)等。,考點(diǎn)3：冠詞 不定冠詞表示泛指，可譯作“一個(gè)/本/座/……”等；定冠詞表示特指，相當(dāng)于“這，這些，那，那些”。另外，搞清特指上文出現(xiàn)的或談話雙方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序數(shù)詞前、最高級(jí)前、獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞之前，用the。如： ［例1］It was _____ third time I had been there. ［分析］在序數(shù)詞前要用the。,[例2] This is ____ most boring film I’ve ever seen. [分析] 在最高級(jí)前要用the。 [例3] He is _____ honest businessman, according to what everyone says. [分析] 可譯作：根據(jù)大家的評(píng)說(shuō)，他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的商人。表示“一個(gè)”，用不定冠詞，honest的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故填an。,考點(diǎn)4：連詞 ⑴ 并列連詞。 連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的并列連詞有and, or, but, neither…nor, either…or, whether…or等。 [例1] As a citizen, you must obey the law _____ you will be punished. [分析] 前后是兩個(gè)句子，應(yīng)填連詞；根據(jù)句意可知填or，表示“否則”。,[例2] He likes cats ______ dislikes dogs. [分析] 因likes cats與dislikes dogs是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。,⑵ 從句連詞。 ① 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞或連接副詞(有意思，并在從句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，沒(méi)有任何意義), 和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特別注意連接代詞what的意義和用法。,［例3］ He came to me in the belief _____ I could help him. ［分析］空格后面的句子是belief的同位語(yǔ)，從句內(nèi)容完整，也不缺少任何句子成分，故填that。 ［例4］ Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _____ we have done. ［分析］在賓語(yǔ)從句中作have done的賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于the thing that，“所……的事”，用連接代詞what。,② 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。注意關(guān)系詞是代表先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中作句子成分的。 ［例5］I met someone _____ said he knew you. ［分析］引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是人，故填who。,［例6］ Li Ming won first prize in the competition, ________ made his father pleased. ［分析］引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；先行詞是“李明在這次比賽中得了第一名”這回事，故填which。,③ 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。 ［例7］ We camped there ______ it was too dark to go on. ［分析］因“天太黑不能繼續(xù)走了”是“我們?cè)谀抢锼逘I(yíng)”的原因，故填because。,［例8］ Such things, _____ you like it or not, do happen from time to time. ［分析］由句意“不管你喜歡不喜歡，這樣的事的確時(shí)有發(fā)生”及or可知，填whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。whether… or… 不管……還是……,考點(diǎn)5：介詞 主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind 等表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等的介詞以及習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的介詞。 [例1] I am grateful to you _____ helping me. [分析] 因?yàn)槟呈赂兄x某人，用for表示感謝的原因。,［例2］_____ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health. ［分析］表示“隨著”用介詞With。With time going by =As time goes by隨著時(shí)間的流逝。,考點(diǎn)6：助動(dòng)詞 ⑴ 構(gòu)成行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句的do, does, did。 ［例1］ How much _____ he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now? ［分析］這是疑問(wèn)句，由just now可知，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，填助動(dòng)詞did。,⑵ 強(qiáng)調(diào)行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的do, does, did。 ［例2］To tell you the truth, Tom _____ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me. ［分析］與yesterday連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但take卻用了原形，可見(jiàn)其前面應(yīng)當(dāng)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是表達(dá)“的確錯(cuò)拿了我的鋼筆”，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，用did。,⑶ 構(gòu)成部分倒裝的do, does, did。 [例3] Not only _____ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others. [分析] not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，前一個(gè)句子要用部分倒裝；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞卻用了原形do，可見(jiàn)前面應(yīng)有助動(dòng)詞does, did；由后句的is可知，是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填does。,⑷ 常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。 ［例4］I ______ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not. ［分析］表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻沒(méi)有做”，用should have done sth. 表示，故填should。,考點(diǎn)7：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等。從歷年廣東卷和全國(guó)卷來(lái)看，考得最多的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且只需看看上下文中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用什么時(shí)態(tài)，跟著用什么時(shí)態(tài)就行了，十分簡(jiǎn)單。,［例1］He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he______ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called… ［分析］在主語(yǔ)人稱代詞he后作謂語(yǔ)，是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因he與find是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填found。,［例2］Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. …but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _____ (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week… ［分析］由tell sb. sth. 可知，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示我們“被告知” ; 又由上下文的時(shí)態(tài)(如went, said)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填were told。,［例3］He suddenly appeared in class one day …He walked in as if he ______ (buy) the school…h(huán)e was from New York City. ［分析］由as if(好像)可知，可能用虛 擬語(yǔ)氣；由語(yǔ)境可知，他是新來(lái)的同學(xué)，不可能是買(mǎi)下了學(xué)校，故用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；這是敘述過(guò)去的事，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故填had bought。,考點(diǎn)8：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞是作謂語(yǔ)用的，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不是作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，而是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞就要用非謂語(yǔ)形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。 根據(jù)三種形式的不同用法，以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系等來(lái)確定具體用哪種形式。,［例1］Sue got home, _____ (feel) very tired. ［分析］因已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞got，而feel前又沒(méi)有并列連詞，所以feel是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因Sue與feel是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填feeling，分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。,［例2］______(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. ［分析］句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，所以build是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因the bridge與build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填Built。 ［例3］It has been his dream _________ (travel) round the world. ［分析］It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式，故填to travel。,［例4］______ (collect) stamps seems to be his main hobby. ［分析］因seems to be…是謂語(yǔ)了，collect應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)；由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,填Collecting，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)然填To collect也是正確的。,［例5］I didn’t talk much to the man _______ (sit) next to me. ［分析］因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞didn’t talk，所以sit應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因the man與sit是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填sitting,分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。,［例6］She avoided _______ (answer) the teacher’s questions. ［解析］在avoid后只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填answering。順便提提，一定要牢記: ① 只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞, 如finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, can’t help等; ② 只能接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 如plan, want, wish, hope, would like, refuse等; ③ 接to do與doing意思有差別的動(dòng)詞,如forget, remember, regret等；④ look forward to, devote oneself to等to是介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。,考點(diǎn)9：詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 要求考生搞清楚，什么詞類在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么詞類的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)主要有： ⑴ 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，用名詞。亦即，名詞就是在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的。 ［例1］Several children are away from school because of ____ (ill). ［分析］作介詞because of的賓語(yǔ)，要用名詞，故填illness。,⑵ 作定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，用形容詞。亦即，形容詞在句中是作定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的。 ［例2］ This is the only reference book that I find _____(use). ［分析］that I find useful是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that代表先行詞the book，在定語(yǔ)從句中作find的賓語(yǔ)，所以要填的詞是作賓補(bǔ)的，故填形容詞形式useful。,⑶ 作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句。亦即，副詞就是用來(lái)作狀語(yǔ)的。 ［例3］I arrived late but ______ (luck), the meeting had been delayed. ［分析］修飾后面整個(gè)分句，作狀語(yǔ)，填副詞luckily。,考點(diǎn)10：比較等級(jí) 有than的前面要用比較級(jí)；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比較范圍的用最高級(jí)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境理解隱形的比較級(jí)。 ［例1］It takes ______ (little) time to go there by plane than by train. ［分析］由than可知，要用比較級(jí)，故填less。,［例2］My pronunciation is poor. His is even ______ (bad). ［分析］由even(更)可知用比較級(jí)，相當(dāng)于后面省略了than mine，故填worse。 ［例3］Hainan is China’s second ______ (large) island. ［解析］表示“第幾大/長(zhǎng)”，用“序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)”表示，故填largest。,［例4］Mr. Li, our English teacher, is one of the ______ (nice) people I know. ［解析］有定語(yǔ)從句I know 表示比較范圍，用最高級(jí)，故填nicest。,此外，作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的it，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的it, that都是很可能要考的，同學(xué)們務(wù)必要注意。 ［例1］I find ________ interesting to learning English. ［解析］填it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。 ［例2］It is because he has been working hard ___________ he has made such great progress. ［解析］填that，與前面的It is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。,了解語(yǔ)法填空的考點(diǎn)和考法對(duì)解題非常有用。具體步驟大致為： ⑴ 略讀全文抓大意。 ⑵ 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)所填詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分確定要填哪類詞，即從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去思考該填哪類詞。,⑶ 根據(jù)句子意思的完整性去思考具體 填哪個(gè)詞。 ⑷ 根據(jù)前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定 填適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞或從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 ⑸ 先易后難，等容易的做好后再考慮 難題。做完后再通讀一遍，認(rèn)真檢查。,1. 2015 課標(biāo)卷I,Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 61 _____ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62_______, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63 ____(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.,its,before,arrived,I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 __________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 _________ (painting). Instead, I’d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 ______car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,by,paintings,which/that,Yangshuo 67______(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 68 __________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70 _______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,living,regularly,conducted,is,本文作者記敘從香港來(lái)到桂林陽(yáng)朔旅游的日記。 61. arrived 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另外一事，when (=and just at that time)后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 62. before 上文“現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了陽(yáng)朔” 后文“我還在香港的家里”，可見(jiàn)是“幾個(gè)小時(shí)之前”。 63. its 指“香港的”令人窒息的煙霧。 64. which/that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是mountain tops and dark waters。,65. paintings 因受many修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 66. by 指開(kāi)車(chē)一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程。 67. is 指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài)。 68. conducted 由conduct a study /survey (進(jìn)行研究/調(diào)查)可知，a study與conduct是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。 69. regularly 修飾動(dòng)詞arranges作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞。 70. living 因people與live是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。,2. 2015 課標(biāo)卷 II,The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61 _____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 _____ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 ______(able) to “air condition” a house without 64 ______ (use) electric equipment.,using,ability,the,built,Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 ________(slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 ________(cool) the house during the hot day. 67 ______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.,At,to cool,slowly,This cycle 68 _______(go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As 69 _________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,how,natural,goes,本文介紹了美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人的土坯房。 61. built 因The adobe dwellings與build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。 62. the 由常修飾最高級(jí)的even與后面的most modern可知，這是最高級(jí)，其前面通常用the。 63. ability 因在形容詞性物主代詞后必定用名詞。 64. using 動(dòng)詞在介詞后要用動(dòng)名詞形式。,65. slowly 修飾動(dòng)詞give out，用副詞。 66. to cool 在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，要用不定式。 67. At 因at the same time是固定詞組。 68. goes 從上下句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞warm來(lái)看，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 69. natural 在名詞前作定語(yǔ)要用形容詞。 70. how 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。,閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(注：括號(hào)中的“不多于3個(gè)單詞”在2015年的考綱中已改為“1個(gè)單詞”，事實(shí)上，2014的高考真題，純空格題的正確答案也都只有一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞；2015年的考綱樣題已將對(duì)話改為了短文),1. 2014 課標(biāo)卷樣題,修改前有,Mum: (putting on her coat) I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: I’m not sure what 1 _______ (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 _____ I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re 3_______ (go).,happened,when,gone,Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in the kitchen 4 _______ (early). Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 ____________ (make) them, so he couldn’t have done it. 6 ________ , he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I’m sure 7 ___ wasn’t him.,earlier,making,Anyway,it,Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 _____ fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 _____________ (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 __________ _______. Now, why did I put on my coat?,the,must have put,mind/,memory,這是Alan與母親的一段對(duì)話，談話內(nèi)容是母親做的三明治在她去接電話時(shí)不見(jiàn)了，后來(lái)Alan發(fā)現(xiàn)在冰箱里。 1. happened 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，what是主語(yǔ)，happen應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)；從下文made, left, went, must have taken(一定已拿走)等可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2. when 前后是句子，應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；由句意與邏輯可知，應(yīng)填表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”的when。,3. gone 作表語(yǔ)用形容詞，表示“不見(jiàn)了”，故填gone。 4. earlier 意為比現(xiàn)在(對(duì)話當(dāng)時(shí))更早的時(shí)候，故用比較級(jí)。 5. making 表示“做完”是finish doing，故填making。 6. Anyway 因前后都有標(biāo)點(diǎn)，可知填副詞；根據(jù)文后邏輯，應(yīng)為“無(wú)論如何，不管怎么說(shuō)(anyway)”。 7. it 表示猜測(cè)中的人或不確定的人，用it。,8. the 指說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人心目中都知道的“那個(gè)”冰箱，故填the。 9. must have put 從語(yǔ)境中可知，意思是“我一定是在電話鈴響時(shí)把它們放進(jìn)那里了”，對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，表示“一定已經(jīng)”，用“must have done”。 10. mind /memory 從上文內(nèi)容可知，意為“天啦！我真的失去記憶力了?！?特別提醒：此題與語(yǔ)法無(wú)關(guān)，屬完形填空的考點(diǎn)，可能是當(dāng)時(shí)命題者考慮不成熟所致),Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 ______ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 ________ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 3 ____ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.,3. 2014 課標(biāo)卷I,was,actually,the,But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 4 _____even a few months. It took years of work 5 _________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 ________(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 ______ _________ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.,or,to reduce,cleaner,that /,which,When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 8 ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 ________(patience).,amazing,changes,patient,凱霍加河的河水1969年還沾得可以著火，但通過(guò)幾年治理，河水變得清澈，成為治理環(huán)境的最突出的例子之一。作者以此為例說(shuō)明，看似不可能處理的情況其實(shí)也是可能的，只是一定要有耐心。 1. was 指1969年的情況，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；上下句的時(shí)態(tài)也有提示作用。 2. actually 修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞caught，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞。 3. the 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。 4. or 起并列作用，表示“或者”。,5. to reduce 是it takes time to do sth.句型，不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)。 6. cleaner 作表語(yǔ)，依然用形容詞；由than可知，要用比較級(jí)。 7. that /which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是a habit。 8. amazing 在名詞stories前作定語(yǔ)，要用形容詞；由句意可知，需要填表示“驚人的”amazing。 9. changes 作主語(yǔ)或冠詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，change除作動(dòng)詞外也可作名詞；由緊接著的are可知，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 10. patient 在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語(yǔ)，要用形容詞。,4. 2014 課標(biāo)卷II,One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 ______ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 ______ some of them looked very anxious and 3 ____________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.,being,and,disappointed,I got a place next 4 ___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 _______ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 _______ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 _______ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.,to,caught,to stop,riding,Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “8 ________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s 9 _________(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 10 ___________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.,Did,mine /me,suddenly,本文作者記敘一次坐公交車(chē)的經(jīng)歷，作者親歷一位騎自行車(chē)的男孩拾到一位旅客的箱子后，一路追趕公交，直到下一站，將箱子交還失主，車(chē)上陌生人之間也因此變得相到友好。 1. being 在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。 2. and 前后是兩個(gè)句子，應(yīng)填連詞；不缺句子成分，意義完整，再根據(jù)兩句意義之間的邏輯性判斷，是并列關(guān)系，故填and。,3. disappointed 因looked作“看起來(lái)”解是系動(dòng)詞，句中所給詞與形容詞anxious并列，一起作looked的表語(yǔ)，故用其形容詞形式；再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知其意為“失望的”，故填disappointed。 4. to 因名詞the window在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，很可能就是作介詞的賓語(yǔ)；next to意為“在……的旁邊，挨著……”，故填to。 5. caught 在句中作謂語(yǔ)，考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)；a boy與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，又由語(yǔ)境可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填caught。,6. to stop 表示“拒絕做某事”，是refuse to do sth.。 7. riding 表示“繼續(xù)/一直做某事”，是keep doing sth.。 8. Did 考查疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)，本句是問(wèn)“有人在前一個(gè)站丟了東西嗎？”顯然是過(guò)去時(shí)，而lose是原形，故填助動(dòng)詞Did，注意句首首字母要大寫(xiě)。 9. mine /me 句中It可能是替代my suitcase，意為“那是我的箱子”，填mine；也可能是代替anyone，意為“丟東西的人是我”，填me。 10. suddenly 修飾動(dòng)詞became，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞。,