高考英語一輪復習 題型解讀 閱讀填空課件.ppt

考情表解,從上表可以看出： 閱讀的短文都是說明文。 其內(nèi)容都是教人如何學習、如何做事、如何生活。 短文長度在300詞左右。, 大多有大標題、小標題、主題句，或有表示列舉或順序的詞(如first, second, next, then, finally等)，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，層次分明，條理清楚，便于理解。 空格設(shè)置有可能在文首，包括要求選標題或主題句(體現(xiàn)主旨)，以及文中和文尾。標題一般為名詞短語或祈使句。 七個選項通常按由短到長的順序排列。,解題主要策略還是靠閱讀攻閱讀，也就是說，只有多閱讀才能攻克閱讀。 但是閱讀的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯，理解句子的意思除詞匯外，還得理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，既要有一定的語法基礎(chǔ)，理解全文大意，還得理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解作者意圖，也就是要有語篇意識。,因此，在平時的閱讀練習時，建議按以下方法去做： 先按高考規(guī)定的時間 (78分鐘) 完成一篇閱讀，養(yǎng)成限時閱讀的習慣。 在閱讀過程中，要培養(yǎng)和加強語法意識和語篇意識。, 將自己還沒有掌握好的考綱詞匯 (單詞和短語) 抄在自己的 “生詞簿” 上，抄后在當天或近日要復習七八次，以后抽時間常翻開看看。始終牢記：沒有英語詞匯，也就沒有英語。在閱讀中強化詞匯，在詞匯量增加的前提下，提高閱讀能力！, 最好花十來分鐘，透徹理解，將短文大聲朗讀兩三遍。 雖說大量閱讀，對中下成績的同學來說，并不在于數(shù)量多，貴在堅持，每天一兩篇足矣。重要的是按以上四條方法去做，凡是在閱讀中遇到的 “生詞”都必須設(shè)法牢記。,解答此題的關(guān)鍵是理解文章大意，了解行文結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全篇文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。具體技巧有： 1.略讀抓大意 快速瀏覽文章的標題和各個小標題，以及首尾段和每段首尾句，抓住文章和各段的大意;同時，把握作者思路，梳理文脈，摸清結(jié)構(gòu)。,2. 讀懂前后句 在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選出正確答案。 3. 尋找線索詞 詞語復現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)是語義銜接的重要手段，因此，在空白前后句中與選項中尋找原詞復現(xiàn)或近義詞復現(xiàn)，是對答案作出正確選擇的好方法。這種方法在不能完全讀懂句子意思的情況下，特別管用。,4. 留意關(guān)聯(lián)詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞的作用是使句段之間銜接更緊密或過渡更自然，因此，在文中和選項中留意表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞就顯得非常重要。這些詞主要有表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，表示時間或因果關(guān)系的詞，表示例證關(guān)系的詞，表示順序的first, second, finally等詞。,5. 選擇小標題 如果是要求選擇小標題，可以根據(jù)另外標題的特征來判斷本標題的特征，如其他標題是名詞，就選名詞，其他標題是祈使句，就選祈使句，這樣可以大大縮小選擇范圍。 做完后，將答案填入空格，確保上下文之間邏輯通順，意思貫通。,(注：2014年和2013年的全國新課標卷I和卷II的四篇題已用于配套的閱讀理解微技能與新題型特訓中，此處不再重復。) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。,A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,1. 2015課標卷 I,Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.,B 前句“信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的習得行為”是對trust的解釋。選項B中的it指代上文出現(xiàn)的trust, 并進一步解釋其含義“對某人寄托信任”，故選B，與前句為順承關(guān)系。,Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal (背叛). Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust any more. 37 Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.,E 選項E“他們曾經(jīng)受過嚴重傷害, 不能容忍這種事情再次發(fā)生”是上句“有時候人們就是不能再信任別人”的原因，也與下一句“這是可以理解的”有順承關(guān)系。,38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well being.,A 選項A“學會真正信任你自己”與空格后的Having confidence in yourself是同義復現(xiàn)，上下句的語義銜接緊密。,39 If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.,C 空后三次出現(xiàn)victim一詞, 與選項C中的victim形成原詞復現(xiàn)。選項C“不要把自己當作受害者”起到總起本段的作用。,You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.,G 選項G“看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對發(fā)生的事情視而不見”與下一句“相反, 這是一個健康的方式”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項中的positive與下文的positive是原詞復現(xiàn)。,A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time,1. 2015課標卷II,Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 16 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.,C 由空后“購買你能找到的最合適的、最好的跑鞋”可知, 這是為了跑馬拉松而進行的準備, 這應該是在進行馬拉松訓練之前做的事情, 故選C。,When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 17 . As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.,E 由空前“當你發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎合適的鞋子時, 穿著走動幾天, 再次檢查其舒適度”可知, 選項E中they指的就是前面提到的shoes, 屬于指代一致，使其前后銜接緊密。,18 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 19 .,18. A 空前的“在第一周的時候, 不要考慮跑了多遠, 但是每天都要比前一天多跑5分鐘”與空后“休息一天是明智的”，可知剩余的就是6天，故選A。 19. D 由空格前“但是在接下來的一周, 制定每次至少跑1. 5英里的目標”與D項的“每天增加半英里”意義銜接緊密。,After two weeks, start timing yourself. 20 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.,G 空前的“兩周后, 開始給自己計時(timing)”與G項中的improving distance and time意義銜接。,A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down.,3. 2012課標卷,Kids health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 Some ways of dealing with stress like screaming or hitting someone dont solve (解決) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better,C 該選項中的in different ways與下兩句Some waysBut other ways是“總分”關(guān)系，銜接緊密。,Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.,F 前面談到要聯(lián)系“關(guān)心你的人”。而關(guān)心你的人除了你的“父母”或“親屬”等成年人外，也還有你的同齡人，即“朋友”。后一句的They正是指同齡人，故選F。另外，在(3)后的have support from adults and friends可以進一步說明此題選F。,(2) Dont take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, thats not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself. 3,A 前面講不要向自己出氣，也就是不要把壓力強加給自己，也就是要找人幫忙，讓你度過艱難處境。,(3) Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, its time to get down to business. 4 Even if you cant solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.,E 本段主題是“(3) Try to solve the problem”，空格后句又有solve it all，其中it指什么？當然是the problem，那problem又是什么呢？故選E。,(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary. Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 5,D 本題是文末，自然是總結(jié)，文的中心是對抗壓力，這里應是通過四個步驟后壓力沒有了，你就感覺好了。再根據(jù)本段前句“如果你采取積極樂觀的態(tài)度來度過難關(guān)，就有助于你感覺更好，甚至更快度過”，因此選D。,stressed adj. 感到有壓力的 reach out to sb.聯(lián)系某人 care about sb.關(guān)心/擔心某人 trusted adj. 可信賴的 relative n. 親戚，親屬 beloved adj. 心愛的 take it out on sb.向某人出氣 tough adj. 困難的(difficult) get down to business言歸正傳 temporary adj. 暫時的 magic adj. 絕妙的，極好的,助讀強化,4. 2011課標卷,A. Wise decisions. B. The value of money. C. Permit the child to choose between them. D. Tell your child why he can or cannothave certain things. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.,Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. _1_ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.,G 由空后的So可知，正確答案與空后句子存在因果關(guān)系，能構(gòu)成這種關(guān)系的只有G，再說G項中的shows an interest在下句中重復出現(xiàn)，意義銜接緊密。,1. The basic function of money. Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. Its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier. _2_ When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.,F 空前提到了讓孩子自己交錢買玩具(toy)，而F中正好有toy一詞，再將F代入該段，語義連貫。,2. Money lessons. Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. _3_ If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”,D 空前提到開放性的金錢教育課，代入D，語義連貫。,3. _4_ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(無商標產(chǎn)品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.,A 本題要求選小標題，從前兩個小標題來看，應是選名詞短語，只能在A、B中選；由下文，特別是how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money 可知，是教會孩子如何作出明智的決定，故選A。,_5_ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.,C 因C中choose between them與空格前的make choices between意義相同，重復出現(xiàn)；另外，C中的the child與空格后的he, him也正好對應。,basic adj. 基本的；主要的 trade A for B用A換取B openness n. 公開 grocery n. 食品雜貨(店) brand n. 品牌 make choices作出選擇 save money節(jié)省錢 expensive adj. 貴的，奢華的 purchase n. 購買之物,助讀強化,5. 2010課標卷,A. Show your true interest. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions. E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas. F. You may also ask for clarification on the question. G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.,Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 1 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldnt have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?,D 由前一句“我匯報之后就請?zhí)釂枴焙拖戮洹拔业牡谝环磻褪欠烙缘鼗卮?answer)”，請人提問當然就會“有許多問題”才會有下文的“回答”，也才會在這里問“如何有效回答(effectively answer questions)”, 故選D。,Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points._2_,G 由下文的幾個小標題可基本判斷是給對方準備下次會議提出一些建議或想法，故選G。, _3_ When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.,A 第3題顯然是選小標題，根據(jù)下面兩個小標題，可知是祈使句，只有選項A或B了; 讀下文, 由show interest可知, 對別人提出的問題要表現(xiàn)出你很感興趣，故選A。, Buy time. When facing a hard question, most people cant give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. _4_ These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.,F 本段主題是“拖延時間，以便爭取時間(buy time)”，前句說“用自己的話重復那個問題”而下句“這些技巧”，可見要填的可能是“你也可以要求把這個問題說得更清楚(要別人重述)”,故選F。, Suggest a private meeting. A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. _5_,E 本段主題是“非公開會議”，一對一交流，“這也許能更有效地交換意見”，故選E。,6. 2009課標卷,A. Pick a place where your children can study properly. B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. C. Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement, too.,E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward. G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.,Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables. _1_ Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.,G 由空格后“確定學習時間并且每天在同一時間學習，這有助于你的孩子安排好他們一天的時間”與選項G“設(shè)計一個他們堅持去做的時間表是讓你的孩子養(yǎng)成良好學習習慣的好方法” 意義連貫。,Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. _2_ Ideal study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.,B 選項B “讓他們按他們自己設(shè)計的時間表去做” 與上文聯(lián)系緊密。,Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. _3_,E 選項E中的TV與上句中的television是原詞復現(xiàn)，認真理解上句與選項，意思非常連貫。,Youll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After youve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. _4_ Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.,A 選項A“選擇一個你的孩子可以學習的地方”與“確保有桌子和舒適的椅子”聯(lián)系緊密。,_5_ This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.,C 由空格后“這包括有時幫助他們解決學習中的問題”可知“在他們學習期間，你要花一些時間跟他們在一起”，故選C。,7. 2008課標卷,A. Use words, not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.,Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. _1_Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.,G 由空后的second, 可知前面應是first, 故選G。,You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. _2_ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. _3_,2. E 因前段談筆記的好處，接下來便是談做筆記的方法；由空后“不論你什么時候記，也不管你如何記，要記住記筆記是一個選擇性的過程”，可見前句是“你也可以培養(yǎng)自己記筆記的方法”，故選E。 3. F 由前句“選擇的”過程，可知“首先要確定哪些重要，該記”，故選F。,The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words. _4_,A 上句的方法是用自己的話，這一種方法就可能是不完整的句子。,Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速記). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. _5_,D 前句說“務必要明白你的符號，且要一直使用這些符號”，此句該是“否則，以后可能會不認識你記的筆記”，故選D。,8. 2007課標卷,A. Thats easy. B. Enjoy your own club! C. Invite a designer to join you. D. What are you interest in? E. Some vacation is just around the corner. F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.,_1_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.,E 由本段末的during the school holidays 可知,作者建議在“某個假期即將到來時”你可以成立一個俱樂部，故選E。,The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _2_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _3_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.,2. D 由空后列的Pets, clothes, pop music 可知，看你對什么感興趣，故選D。 3. A 根據(jù)后文“另外只需三四個跟你有相同興趣的人”，當然是容易的事啦，故選A。,_4_ You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!,F 由后句write down every name可知，是要給俱樂部“取名”，故選F。,Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. _5_ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of loads of more interesting things to do!,G 由空前可知要做會員卡，空后作者建議留出空間放相片，也就是要對會員卡“特別設(shè)計”,故選G。,around the corner即將來臨 loads of friends/money許多朋友/金錢,助讀強化,9. 2012遼寧卷,A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.,How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. _1_ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.,E 根據(jù)后面的But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.可知前面說的是一個過程對一些人來說很容易。故選E。,1. Associate with others. The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.,2. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. _2_ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.,C 由后面You can always start the conversation.可知，你要開始一個對話，所以前面應該是不要等著別人先和你說話。故選C。,3. _3_ Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.,B 根據(jù)后面的as these interests would always bring you and your friends together.要和朋友在一起做事。故選B。,4. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. _4_ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.,G 根據(jù)前面說不要通過電話、短信或親自拜訪給你的朋友施加壓力，因為這可能會使對方疲憊不堪，最后你會失去友誼，因此你要給你的朋友對你做出回應的時間。故選G。,5. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. _5_ Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.,D 由前面一句說要允許你的朋友們做他們自己，也就是不要對朋友太挑剔。故選D。,companionship n. 友誼 self-worth n.自尊 promote vt. 促進 process n.過程 associate with 聯(lián)系 hang out 閑逛 fault n.缺點 react to 對作出反應,助讀強化,10. 2011遼寧卷,A. Focus on the future. B. This can be especially harmful to the aged. C. It should be something like learning gardening. D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with life-changing events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.,Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a b