基于b s模式的教務管理系統(tǒng)的設計與實現 畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯
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1、 淮 陰 工 學 院 畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯 學 院: 計算機工程學院 專 業(yè): 通信工程 姓 名: 鄭啟航 學 號: 1081302234 外文出處: Professional ASP.NET Web Services (用外文寫) Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 附 件: 1.外文資料翻譯譯文;2.外文原文。 指導教師評語: 2012 年 2 月 18 日 簽名: (手寫簽名)
2、 注:請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。附件1:外文資料翻譯譯文 ASP體系結構的發(fā)展 利用ASP開發(fā)Web應用程序首先必須確立Web應用的體系結構。目前在應用中常用到的有兩種:C/S體系結構和B/S體系結構。 C/S體系結構即client/server,客戶端/服務器端。 兩層的客戶/服務器結構。 客戶/服務器(Client/Server)模型是一種良好的軟件體系結構,是網絡的最佳應用模式之一。從技術上看,它本身是一個邏輯概念,是指將一個應用分解成多個任務分別執(zhí)行,共同完成整個應用任務的功能。網絡各站點主機上資源(硬件、軟件、數據)分步不均衡,在
3、客戶/服務器結構下,無資源的客戶機通過向有資源的服務器發(fā)出請求,并得到資源請求,從而適應網絡中資源分布的不均衡性。采用這種結構能綜合各種計算機協同工作,各盡其能,實現對計算機系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模優(yōu)化(Rightsizing)和規(guī)??s小化(Downsizing)。如下圖: 從技術角度講,“客戶機”和“服務器”都是邏輯的概念,其含義是:將計算機網絡應用分成兩大部分,其中一部分支持多個用戶共享的功能與資源,它由服務器來實現;另一部分是面向每個用戶的,由客戶機來實現,也就是說,客戶機通常執(zhí)行前臺功能,通過用戶界面實現人機對話,或是執(zhí)行用戶特定的應用程序。而服務器通常執(zhí)行后臺功能,管理共享的外設,接受并回答
4、用戶的請求等。對于一臺計算機來說,它可以具有雙重功能,在某一時刻充當服務器,而在另一時刻又成為客戶機。 客戶/服務器類型把計算機分為兩類,提供服務的一方稱為服務器,請求服務的一方稱為客戶。為了能夠提供服務,服務器一方必須具有一定的硬件和相應的服務器軟件;同樣,客戶一方也必須具有一定的硬件和相應的客戶軟件。 在服務器和客戶之間必須有一個協議,雙方根據這個協議進行通信。 將客戶/服務器模型應用于Internet服務, 客戶與服務器之間的關系并不是一成不變的。有的Internet節(jié)點一方面提供服務,另一方面也從別的節(jié)點處獲得服務;甚至在一次對話過程中,雙方的角色也可能互換。如在進行文件傳輸時,
5、如果把提供文件的一方稱為服務器,把獲取文件的一方稱為客戶,則在使用get 或mget命令從另一個節(jié)點取文件時,可以認為自己使用的及其是客戶機,在使用put 或mput命令向另一個節(jié)點發(fā)送文件時又可以認為自己使用的機器是服務器。 多層的客戶/服務器結構 隨著企業(yè)應用的擴展,最近又出現了一種新的多層體系結構,它把客戶端應用分為兩部分:客戶應用和服務器應用??蛻魬檬窃瓉砜蛻魬玫囊徊糠郑硪徊糠直灰迫敕掌鲬弥?。新的客戶應用負責用戶界面和簡單固定的業(yè)務邏輯,新的服務器應用駐留核心的、易變的業(yè)務邏輯。因此其結構就變成了新的(Client應用+Server應用)/Server結構。如下圖所示:
6、 這種結構解決了傳統(tǒng)Client/Server的可擴展問題,既減少了客戶端業(yè)務邏輯,又降低了客戶端對硬件的要求。同時,由于把許多業(yè)務邏輯集中到了單一的應用服務器上,應用系統(tǒng)的維護工作也被集中到了一起,消除了傳統(tǒng)Client/Server結構中軟件分發(fā)的問題。這種結構即被稱為B/S體系結構。 B/S體系結構即Browser/Server,瀏覽器/服務器端。本質上,Browser/Server也是一種Client/Server結構,它是一種由傳統(tǒng)的二層Client/Server結構發(fā)展而來的三層Client/Server結構在Web上應用的特例。 在Browser/Server的系統(tǒng)中,
7、用戶可以通過瀏覽器向分布在網絡上的許多服務器發(fā)出請求。Browser/Server結構極大的簡化了客戶機的工作,客戶機上只需安裝、配置少量的客戶端軟件即可, 服務器將擔負更多的工作,對數據庫的訪問和應用程序的執(zhí)行將在服務器上完成。 在Browser/Server三層體系結構下,表示層(Presentatioon)、功能層(Business Logic)、數據層(Data Service)被割成三個相對獨立的單元: 第一層 表示層:Web瀏覽器。 在表示層中包含系統(tǒng)的顯示邏輯,位于客戶端。它的任務是由Web瀏覽器向網絡上的某一Web服務器提出服務請求,Web服務器對用戶身份進行驗證后用H
8、TTP協議把所需的主頁傳送給客戶端,客戶機接受傳來的主頁文件,并把它顯示在Web瀏覽器上。 第二層 功能層:具有應用程序擴展功能的Web服務器。 在功能層中包含系統(tǒng)的事務處理邏輯,位于Web服務器端。它的任務是接受用戶的請求,首先需要執(zhí)行相應的擴展應用程序與數據庫進行連接,通過SQL等方式向數據庫服務器提出數據處理申請,而后等數據庫服務器將數據處理的結果提交給Web服務器,再由Web服務器傳送回客戶端。 第三層 數據層:數據庫服務器。 在數據層中包含系統(tǒng)的數據處理邏輯,位于數據庫服務器端。它的任務是接受Web服務器對數據庫操縱的請求,實現對數據庫查詢、修改、更新等功能,把運行結果提
9、交給Web服務器。 仔細分析不難看出,三層的Browser/Server體系結構是把二層Client/Server結構的事務處理邏輯模塊從客戶機的任務中分離出來,由單獨組成的一層來負擔其任務,這樣客戶機的壓力大大減輕了,把負荷均衡地分配給了Web服務器,于是由原來的兩層的Client/server結構轉變成三層的Browser/Server結構。這種三層體系結構如下圖所示。 這種結構不僅把客戶機從沉重的負擔和不斷對其提高的性能的要求中解放出來,也把技術維護人員從繁重的維護升級工作中解脫出來。由于客戶機把事務處理邏輯部分分給了功能服務器,使客戶機一下子“苗條”了許多,不再負責處理復雜計算和數
10、據訪問等關鍵事務,只負責顯示部分,所以維護人員不再為程序的維護工作奔波于每個客戶機之間,而把主要精力放在功能服務器上程序的更新工作。這種三層結構層與層之間相互獨立,任何一層的改變不影響其它層的功能。它從根本上改變了傳統(tǒng)的二層Client/Server體系結構的缺陷,它是應用系統(tǒng)體系結構中一次深刻的變革。 兩種體系結構的對比: Browser/Server體系結構與Client/Server體系結構相比不僅具有Client/Server體系結構的全部優(yōu)點,而且又有Clinet/Server體系結構所不具備的獨特優(yōu)勢: 開放的標準:Client/Server所采用的標準只要在內部統(tǒng)一就可
11、,它的應用往往是專用的。Browser/Server所采用的標準都是開放的、非專用的,是經過標準化組織所確定的而非單一廠商所制定,保證了其應用的通用性和跨平臺性。 較低的開發(fā)和維護成本:Client/Server的應用必須開發(fā)出專用的客戶端軟件,無論是安裝、配置還是升級都需要在所有的客戶機上實施,極大地浪費了人力和物力。Browser/Server的應用只需在客戶端裝有通用的瀏覽器即可,維護和升級工作都在服務器端進行,不需對客戶端進行任何改變,故而大大降低了開發(fā)和維護的成本。 使用簡單,界面友好:Client/Server用戶的界面是由客戶端軟件所決定的,其使用的方法和界面各不相同,每推
12、廣一個Client/Server系統(tǒng)都要求用戶從頭學起,難以使用。Browser/Server用戶的界面都統(tǒng)一在瀏覽器上,瀏覽器易于使用、界面友好,不須再學習使用其它的軟件,一勞永逸的解決了用戶的使用問題。 客戶端消腫:Client/Server的客戶端具有顯示與處理數據的功能,對客戶端的要求很高,是一個“胖”客戶機。Browser/Server的客戶端不再負責數據庫的存取和復雜數據計算的等任務,只需要其進行顯示,充分發(fā)揮了服務器的強大作用,這樣就大大的降低了對客戶端的要求,客戶端變得非常“瘦”。 系統(tǒng)靈活:Client/Server系統(tǒng)的三部分模塊中有一部分需改變就要關聯到其它模塊的變
13、動,使系統(tǒng)極難升級。Browser/Server系統(tǒng)的三部分模塊各自相對獨立,其中一部分模塊改變時其它模塊不受影響,系統(tǒng)改進變得非常容易,且可以用不同廠家的產品來組成性能更佳的系統(tǒng)。 保障系統(tǒng)的安全性:在Client/Server系統(tǒng)中由于客戶機直接與數據庫服務器進行連接,用戶可以很輕易的改變服務器上的數據,無法保證系統(tǒng)的安全性。Browser/Server系統(tǒng)在客戶機與數據庫服務器之間增加了一層Web服務器,使兩者不再直接相連,客戶機無法直接對數據庫操縱,有效地防止用戶的非法入侵。 三層的Browser/Server體系結構具有許多傳統(tǒng)Client/Server體系結構不具備的優(yōu)點,而且
14、又緊密的結合了Internet/Intranet技術,是技術發(fā)展的大勢所趨,它把應用系統(tǒng)帶入了一個嶄新的發(fā)展時代。由此我們選擇B/S架構作為系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的體系結構。 什么是C/S和B/S: 要想對“C/S”和“B/S”技術發(fā)展變化有所了解,首先必須搞清楚三個問題。 (1)什么是C/S結構。 C/S (Client/Server)結構,即大家熟知的客戶機和服務器結構。它是軟件系統(tǒng)體系結構,通過它可以充分利用兩端硬件環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢,將任務合理分配到Client端和Server端來實現,降低了系統(tǒng)的通訊開銷。目前大多數應用軟件系統(tǒng)都是Client/Server形式的兩層結構,由于現在的軟件應用系統(tǒng)正
15、在向分布式的Web應用發(fā)展,Web和Client/Server 應用都可以進行同樣的業(yè)務處理,應用不同的模塊共享邏輯組件;因此,內部的和外部的用戶都可以訪問新的和現有的應用系統(tǒng),通過現有應用系統(tǒng)中的邏輯可以擴展出新的應用系統(tǒng)。這也就是目前應用系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向。 傳統(tǒng)的C/S體系結構雖然采用的是開放模式,但這只是系統(tǒng)開發(fā)一級的開放性,在特定的應用中無論是Client端還是Server端都還需要特定的軟件支持。由于沒能提供用戶真正期望的開放環(huán)境,C/S結構的軟件需要針對不同的操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)不同版本的軟件, 加之產品的更新換代十分快,已經很難適應百臺電腦以上局域網用戶同時使用。而且代價高, 效率低
16、。如我院使用的上海超蘭公司“案件統(tǒng)計”管理軟件就是典型的C/S體系結構管理軟件。 (2)什么是B/S結構。 B/S(Browser/Server)結構即瀏覽器和服務器結構。它是隨著Internet技術的興起,對C/S結構的一種變化或者改進的結構。在這種結構下,用戶工作界面是通過WWW瀏覽器來實現,極少部分事務邏輯在前端(Browser)實現,但是主要事務邏輯在服務器端(Server)實現,形成所謂三層3-tier結構。這樣就大大簡化了客戶端電腦載荷,減輕了系統(tǒng)維護與升級的成本和工作量,降低了用戶的總體成本(TCO)。以目前的技術看,局域網建立B/S結構的網絡應用,并通過Internet/I
17、ntranet模式下數據庫應用,相對易于把握、成本也是較低的。它是一次性到位的開發(fā),能實現不同的人員,從不同的地點,以不同的接入方式(比如LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet等)訪問和操作共同的數據庫;它能有效地保護數據平臺和管理訪問權限,服務器數據庫也很安全 。目前我院內網(Intranet)、外網(Internet)和北京東方清大公司“案件、辦公管理軟件”就是B/S 結構管理軟件,干警在局域網各工作站通過WWW瀏覽器就能實現工作業(yè)務。特別是在JAVA這樣的跨平臺語言出現之后,B/S架構管理軟件更是方便、快捷、高效。 (3) 管理軟件主流技術。 管理軟件技術的主流技術與
18、管理思想一樣,也經歷了三個發(fā)展時期。首先,界面技術從上世紀DOS字符界面到Windows圖形界面(或圖形用戶界面GUI),直至Browser瀏覽器界面三個不同的發(fā)展時期。其次,今天所有電腦的瀏覽器界面,不僅直觀和易于使用,更主要的是基于瀏覽器平臺的任何應用軟件其風格都是一樣的,使用人對操作培訓的要求不高,而且軟件可操作性強,易于識別;再者,平臺體系結構也從過去單用戶發(fā)展到今天的文件/服務器(F/S)體系、客戶機/服務器(C/S)體系和瀏覽器/服務器(B/S)體系 C/S和B/S 之比較: C/S和B/S是當今世界開發(fā)模式技術架構的兩大主流技術。C/S是美國 Borland公司最早研發(fā),B/
19、S是美國微軟公司研發(fā)。目前,這兩項技術以被世界各國所掌握,國內公司以C/S和B/S技術開發(fā)出產品也很多。這兩種技術都有自己一定的市場份額和客戶群,各家企業(yè)都說自己的管理軟件架構技術功能強大、先進、方便,都能舉出各自的客戶群體,都有一大群文人墨客為自己搖旗吶喊,廣告滿天飛,可謂仁者見仁,智者見智 C/S架構軟件的優(yōu)勢與劣勢 (1)應用服務器運行數據負荷較輕。 最簡單的C/S體系結構的數據庫應用由兩部分組成,即客戶應用程序和數據庫服務器程序。二者可分別稱為前臺程序與后臺程序。運行數據庫服務器程序的機器,也稱為應用服務器。一旦服務器程序被啟動,就隨時等待響應客戶程序發(fā)來的請求;客戶應用程序運
20、行在用戶自己的電腦上,對應于數據庫服務器,可稱為客戶電腦,當需要對數據庫中的數據進行任何操作時,客戶程序就自動地尋找服務器程序,并向其發(fā)出請求,服務器程序根據預定的規(guī)則作出應答,送回結果,應用服務器運行數據負荷較輕。 (2)數據的儲存管理功能較為透明。 在數據庫應用中,數據的儲存管理功能,是由服務器程序和客戶應用程序分別獨立進行的,前臺應用可以違反的規(guī)則,并且通常把那些不同的(不管是已知還是未知的)運行數據,在服務器程序中不集中實現,例如訪問者的權限,編號可以重復、必須有客戶才能建立定單這樣的規(guī)則。所有這些,對于工作在前臺程序上的最終用戶,是“透明”的,他們無須過問(通常也無法干涉)背后的
21、過程,就可以完成自己的一切工作。在客戶服務器架構的應用中,前臺程序不是非?!笆菪 ?,麻煩的事情都交給了服務器和網絡。在C/S體系的下,數據庫不能真正成為公共、專業(yè)化的倉庫,它受到獨立的專門管理。 (3) C/S架構的劣勢是高昂的維護成本且投資大。 首先,采用C/S架構,要選擇適當的數據庫平臺來實現數據庫數據的真正“統(tǒng)一”,使分布于兩地的數據同步完全交由數據庫系統(tǒng)去管理,但邏輯上兩地的操作者要直接訪問同一個數據庫才能有效實現,有這樣一些問題,如果需要建立“實時”的數據同步,就必須在兩地間建立實時的通訊連接,保持兩地的數據庫服務器在線運行,網絡管理工作人員既要對服務器維護管理,又要對客戶端維護
22、和管理,這需要高昂的投資和復雜的技術支持,維護成本很高,維護任務量大。 其次,傳統(tǒng)的C/S結構的軟件需要針對不同的操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)不同版本的軟件,由于產品的更新換代十分快,代價高和低效率已經不適應工作需要。在JAVA這樣的跨平臺語言出現之后,B/S架構更是猛烈沖擊C/S,并對其形成威脅和挑戰(zhàn)。 B/S架構軟件的優(yōu)勢與劣勢 (1)維護和升級方式簡單。 目前,軟件系統(tǒng)的改進和升級越來越頻繁,B/S架構的產品明顯體現著更為方便的特性。對一個稍微大一點單位來說,系統(tǒng)管理人員如果需要在幾百甚至上千部電腦之間來回奔跑,效率和工作量是可想而知的,但B/S架構的軟件只需要管理服務器就行了,所有的客戶端
23、只是瀏覽器,根本不需要做任何的維護。無論用戶的規(guī)模有多大,有多少分支機構都不會增加任何維護升級的工作量,所有的操作只需要針對服務器進行;如果是異地,只需要把服務器連接專網即可,實現遠程維護、升級和共享。所以客戶機越來越“瘦”,而服務器越來越“胖”是將來信息化發(fā)展的主流方向。今后,軟件升級和維護會越來越容易,而使用起來會越來越簡單,這對用戶人力、物力、時間、費用的節(jié)省是顯而易見的,驚人的。因此,維護和升級革命的方式是“瘦”客戶機,“胖”服務器。 (2)成本降低,選擇更多。 大家都知道windows在桌面電腦上幾乎一統(tǒng)天下,瀏覽器成為了標準配置,但在服務器操作系統(tǒng)上windows并不是處于絕對
24、的統(tǒng)治地位。 現在的趨勢是凡使用B/S架構的應用管理軟件,只需安裝在Linux服務器上即可,而且安全性高。所以服務器操作系統(tǒng)的選擇是很多的,不管選用那種操作系統(tǒng)都可以讓大部分人使用windows作為桌面操作系統(tǒng)電腦不受影響,這就使的最流行免費的Linux操作系統(tǒng)快速發(fā)展起來,Linux除了操作系統(tǒng)是免費的以外,連數據庫也是免費的,這種選擇非常盛行。 比如說很多人每天上“新浪”網,只要安裝了瀏覽器就可以了,并不需要了解“新浪”的服務器用的是什么操作系統(tǒng),而事實上大部分網站確實沒有使用windows操作系統(tǒng),但用戶的電腦本身安裝的大部分是windows操作系統(tǒng)。 (3) 應用服務器運行數據負荷
25、較重。 由于B/S架構管理軟件只安裝在服務器端(Server)上,網絡管理人員只需要管理服務器就行了,用戶界面主要事務邏輯在服務器(Server)端完全通過WWW瀏覽器實現,極少部分事務邏輯在前端(Browser)實現,所有的客戶端只有瀏覽器,網絡管理人員只需要做硬件維護。但是,應用服務器運行數據負荷較重,一旦發(fā)生服務器“崩潰”等問題,后果不堪設想。因此,許多單位都備有數據庫存儲服務器,以防萬一。 附件2:外文原文(復印件) The Development Of ASP System Structure Develop Web application progra
26、m using ASP the architecture that must first establish Web application. Now in application frequently with to have two: The architecture of C/S and the architecture of B/S. Client/server and customer end / server hold the architecture of C/S. The customer / server structure of two floor. Custo
27、mer / server ( Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. From technology, see that it is a logic concept, denote will a application many tasks of decomposing difference carry out , common completion is entire to apply the fun
28、ction of task. On each network main computer of web site, resource ( hardware, software and data ) divide into step, is not balanced, under customer / server structure, without the client computer of resource through sending request to the server that has resource , get resource request, so meet the
29、 resource distribution in network not balancedness. With this kind of structure, can synthesize various computers to cooperate with work, let it each can, realize the scale for the system of computer optimization ( Rightsizing ) with scale reduce to melt ( Downsizing ). Picture is as follows: I
30、t is most of to divide into computer network application into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share , it is realized by server; Another part faces every user , is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium funct
31、ion , realizes man-machine interaction through user interface , or is the application program of specific conducted user. And server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter , manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. For a computer, it
32、 can have double function , is being certain and momentary to carve to act as server , and again becomes client computer in another time. Customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server , asks one side of service to be called as customer. To b
33、e able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; Also, customer one side must also have certain hardware and corresponding customer software. There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides communicate according to this agreem
34、ent. Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation between customer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node; It is even in one time dialogue course, mutual role also exchanges probably.
35、As in carry out file transmission , if be called as one side who offers file server, is called as one side who gets file customer, when using get or mget order since another node takes file, can think that what self use and it is client computer , is using put or mput order to another node dispatch
36、file can again think the machine that used self is server. Multilayer customer / server structure Along with the development of enterprise application, recently, have again arisen a kind of new multilayer architecture, it applies customer end to divide into two minutes: Customer application and
37、server apply. Customer application is the part of original customer application , is another and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. New customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core , chang
38、eable business logic. Therefore its structure has become new ( Client application + Server application )/Server structure. Following picture shows: This kind of structure has solved traditional Client/Server can expand problem, have reduced customer end business logic , and have reduced the requ
39、irement of customer end for hardware. At the same time because of a lot of business logic concentrations have gone to unitary application server on, the maintenance work of application system had been also concentrated together, have eliminated the problem in the traditional structure of Client/Serv
40、er that software distributes. This kind of structure is called as the architecture of B/S. Browser/Server and browser / server hold the architecture of B/S. On essence, Browser/Server is also a kind of structure of Client/Server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural deve
41、lopment of Client/Server come to the three-layer structural special case of Client/Server that applied on Web. In the system of Browser/Server, user can pass through browser to a lot of servers that spread on network to send request. The structure of Browser/Server is maximum to have simplified th
42、e work of client computer, on client computer, need to install and deploy few customer end software only , server will bear more work, for database visit and apply program carry out will in server finish. Under the three-layer architecture of Browser/Server, express layer ( Presentatioon ) , funct
43、ion layer ( Business Logic ) , data layer ( Data Service ) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences: It is the first layer of to express layer: Web browser. In expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. Its task is to suggest by Web browser to the certain a Web
44、 server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, Web server delivers needed homepage with HTTP agreement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in Web browser on. Second layer function layer: Have the Web server of the appli
45、cation function of program extension. In function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in Web server end. Its task is the request concerning accepting user , need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out conne
46、ction , passes through the waies such as SQL to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database server the result of handling data submit to Web server, deliver again by Web server to return customer end. The number of plies of 3th according to layer: Database server.
47、 In data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. Its task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server. Careful analysis is been
48、 easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure of Client/Server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client c
49、omputer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure of Browser/Server of three-layer. This kind of three-layer architecture following picture shows. This kind of structure not onl
50、y client computer from heavy burden and the requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given functio
51、n server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between ev
52、ery client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of archite
53、cture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture. The contrast of two architectures The architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture of Client/Server compare with all advantages that not only have the architectur
54、e of Client/Server and also have the architecture of Clinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have: Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, its application is often for special purpose. It is lower to develop and defend cost: It
55、need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of Client/Server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. The application of Browser/Server need in cus
56、tomer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so greatly. It is simple to use , interface friendly: The interface of the user of Client/Server is decided by c
57、ustomer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of Client/Server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. The interface of the user of Browser/Server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use , interface friendly, must not study
58、 use again other software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that has solved user problem. Customer end detumescence: The customer end of Client/Server has the function that shows and handles data , as the requirement of customer end is a client computer " it is fat " very high. The customer of Browser/Ser
59、ver holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show , the powerful role that has played server fully is so large to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very " thin ". System is fle
60、xible: The 3 minutes of the system of Client/Server, in modular, have the part that need to change to want relation to the change of other modular, make system very difficult upgrading. The 3 minutes of the system of Browser/Server modular relative independence, in which a part of modular change, ot
61、her modular does not get influence, it is very easy that system improve to become, and can form the system with much better performance with the product of different manufacturer. Ensure systematic safety: In the system of Client/Server, directly join with database server because of client compute
62、r, user can very easily change the data on server, can not guarantee systematic safety. The system of Browser/Server has increased a level of Web server between client computer and database server , makes two not to be directly linked again, client computer can not be directly controled for database
63、, prevent user efficiently invade illegally. The architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer has the advantage that a lot of traditional architectures of Client/Server does not have , and is close to have combined the technology of Internet/Intranet, is that the tendency of technical development
64、 tends to , it application system tape into one brand-new develop times. From this us option the configuration of B/S the architecture that develops as system. what are C/S with B/S For " C/S " with the technology of " B/S " develop change know , first,must make it clear that 3 problems. (1) Wh
65、at is the structure of C/S. C/S ( Client/Server ) structure, the server structure and client computer that all know well. It is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantage, realize task reasonable distribution to Client end and Server end ,
66、have reduced systematic communication expense. Now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of Client/Server , are developing to the Web application of distribution type since current software application is systematic, Web and the application of Client/Server can carry out same business handling , apply different modular to share logic assembly; Therefore it is systematic that built-in and external user can visit new and existing application , th
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