2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第20章 主謂一致.doc

2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第20章 主謂一致 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查，主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見搭配。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1主謂一致的三原則知識(shí)點(diǎn)2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4其他情況知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1主謂一致的三原則語(yǔ)法一致含義指的是主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)如果為復(fù)數(shù)形式，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)形式例句Tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。意義一致含義又稱為概念一致原則，指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的其體意義，而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系例句My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。就近一致含義又稱為近鄰一致原則，指的是主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。例句Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)情況例句單數(shù)名詞(代詞) 、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式Some water is in the bottle一些水在瓶子里。A ball is on the floor.地上有個(gè)球。many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生種經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。【易錯(cuò)警示】“more+復(fù)教名詞+ than one"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，誦語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:More answers than one are to your question.你的問(wèn)題答案不只一個(gè)。表示時(shí)間、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Two months is a long holiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來(lái)說(shuō).三千美元是相當(dāng)大的一筆錢。主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and ( each/every )+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Each boy and each girl has got a seat。每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式One and a half hours is enough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。a/an十單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格?！疽族e(cuò)警示】" one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:One or two students were cleaning the window yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在擦窗戶。不定代詞somebody, anything, everyone, nobody, no one等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Is everyone here today.？今天大家到齊了嗎?Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主語(yǔ)或后跟名詞單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Each of them has an Enhlish dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 8 a. m.上午8點(diǎn)，每個(gè)學(xué)生都應(yīng)當(dāng)在教室里。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Physics is one of my favorite subjects.物理是我最喜歡的學(xué)科之一。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)情況例句復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式The students are playing football on the playground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。people，police, cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)people are the makers of history.人民是歷史的創(chuàng)造者。police were very shocked by the robbery.警察對(duì)那起搶劫非常震驚。相當(dāng)于名詞的“the+形容詞或過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)，表示人時(shí)Generally speaking, the blind have a keen touch. -般來(lái)說(shuō)，盲人有敏銳的觸覺。The unemployed usually leada hard life.失業(yè)者的生活一般很困難。【易錯(cuò)警示】 "the +形容調(diào)成過(guò)去分詞“作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果表示的是抽象概念，則謂語(yǔ)幼詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。例如:The beautiful is not always the good. 美的東西不都是好的東西。.both.and“連接并列主語(yǔ)Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題Both my friend and I like thin type of smartphone very much.我的朋友和我都非常喜歡這種智能手機(jī)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4其他情況情況例句and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù); 但是and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)The writer and teacher is ing.那位作家兼教師來(lái)了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)The writer and the teacher are ing.作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)“單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/includind/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)形式，如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); “a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The number of the students is over eight hundred.學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500.許多教師今天都出席了，有500人。由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers，boots等。若此類名詞被"a kind of/a pair of修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。當(dāng)not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either. or.，neither. nor等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及在there be句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒有看過(guò)這部電影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。某些集體名詞，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則，即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式The pany has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展壯大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里，全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)?！局R(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式，如果這一類詞指的是具體成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1 考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)的情況1.(黔南中考)-David has been away for more than 25 days. -I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_ short. A. is B. isnt C. are D. arent 【解析】選B,25 days作為一個(gè)整體，系動(dòng)詞耍用單教形式.故選B,2.(安順中考)Look, the set of keys_ on the teachers desk. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【解析】選C, the set of keys的中心詞是set，系動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).句首為look,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.(黔東南中考) Climbing hills_ good for our health.A. are B. is C. was D. were【解析】選B。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。句子表述的是一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.(綏化中考)This pair of pants_ mine. You may_ on the bed A. is; be B. are; be C. are, are解析】選A。第一空所在句子主語(yǔ)為pair，為單數(shù)形式，故用is;第二空情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形，故用be5.(成寧中考)-What are you going to do this weekend? 一I together with my classmates_ going to climb Mount Qian.A. Is B. am C. are D. were【解析】選B, together with結(jié)構(gòu)是伴隨狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其前的主語(yǔ)保持一致，故用am?？键c(diǎn)2考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)的情況6. (巴中中考)This pair of shoes_ me well, but the shoes_ expensive. A. fit; are B. fits; are C. fits; is【解析選B。前半句話的主語(yǔ)為pair，是單數(shù)形式。故用fits;后半句主語(yǔ)是shoes，故用are7.(淮安中考)Andy, youd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit_ good for you.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】選B milk and fruit是兩樣?xùn)|西,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，句子表述的是一般，現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8.(孝感中考)A number of volunteers _ from faraway cities.A. is B are C. is e D. are e【解析】選B, a number of結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選B.