2019-2020年中考復(fù)習(xí)《定語從句》教學(xué)案.doc

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2019-2020年中考復(fù)習(xí)《定語從句》教學(xué)案 課 題 中考復(fù)習(xí)—定語從句 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)與 考點(diǎn)分析 1． 定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu) 2． 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用 3． 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn) 定語從句的正確使用 學(xué)習(xí)方法 由典型例題入手，逐漸深入，邊講邊練； 教學(xué)過程 【語法回顧】 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）或關(guān)系副詞(when, where)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的一個(gè)成分。 關(guān)系代詞、副詞 作用 先行詞 例句 that， who， whom(只做賓語) 主語、賓 語、表語 人 Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree?你知道站在樹下的女孩是誰嗎? that，which 主語、賓 語、表語 物、時(shí) 間、地 點(diǎn)、原 因 She got a puter which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一臺(tái)她的父母買給她的電腦。 whose 定語 人物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard．他的爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭唷? The classroom whose window is open is mine．窗戶開著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。 when 狀語 時(shí)間 I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing．我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。 where 狀語 地點(diǎn) This is the school where my mother works．這就是我媽媽 工作的學(xué)校。 why 狀語 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎? 二、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。 This is the pen that you are looking for. 這是你要找的那支鋼筆。(賓語) The girl that has long hair is my sister.留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語） 2．which指物，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好。（主語） The fish which we bought were not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。(賓語) 3．who, whom指人，在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗戶的男孩叫Tom. （主語） The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。(賓語) 4．whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。(指人) He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。(指物) 三、只用which不用that的情況： 1．在介詞后只用which，不能用that。 This is the bank in which the robbery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。 2．先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that。 The clock is that which tells the time.鐘表是用來報(bào)時(shí)的。 四、只用that不用which的情況： 1．先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 這是我所見過的最美麗的山。 2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。 The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說是《39級(jí)臺(tái)階》。 3. 先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。 Here are all the books that I have.　這就是我所有的書。 This is the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。 4．先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。 Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。 5．先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that。 I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫。 6．先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that。 This is the one that you want.　這就是你想要的。 7．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用that。 Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ 五、在介詞后只能用whom，不能用who。 The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來自美國(guó)的。 六、定語從句中主謂一致的問題： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。 Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是眾多來自美國(guó)的男孩中的一個(gè)。 Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一從美國(guó)來的男孩。 七、定語從句中的介詞與副詞的問題： 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，如果定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。(定語從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。) He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。 That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書。 八、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用： 1．when指時(shí)間： I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光。 2．where指地點(diǎn)(where=in等介詞＋which)： This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.這是他去年住的房子。 九、定語從句與作定語的①動(dòng)詞不定式、②介詞短語、③現(xiàn)在分詞短語、④過去分詞短語的轉(zhuǎn)換： She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作。 The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在車上的人是格林先生。 The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。 The boy saved in the river has e back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has e back to life.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過來了。 【語法過關(guān)】 1. --Do you like the pop singer? --No, I prefer the singer __________can sing folk music. A. which B. who C. where D. how 2. The man _________is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 3．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which 4． ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees? ---Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 5．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 6．---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday? ---He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 7．I hate people _______ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 8．Im looking at the photograph ___ you sent me with your letter. A. who B. whom C. which D. it 9．I hate people don’t help others when they are in trouble. A．who B．which C．they 10． --Barbara, where do you work? --I work for a pany _________sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who 11．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which 12．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【語法回顧】 賓語從句 賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。 1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他說他想呆在家里。 She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很嚴(yán)重。 I am sure (that) he will succeed.我確信他會(huì)成功。 2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他們?cè)诘日l嗎？ He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問誰的書法最好。 Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在哪兒?jiǎn)幔? I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火車為什么晚了。 I cant imagine why he did that thing．我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。 Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月嗎? 以上兩個(gè)例句的賓語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句，分別為：why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請(qǐng)看下列兩 組句子： How much does this coat cost? 這件衣服值多少錢? I want to know how much this coat costs．我想知道這件衣服值多少錢。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪兒了? Please tell me where you went yesterday．請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天去哪兒了。 當(dāng)疑問代詞what，who在特殊疑問句中做主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來做賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。 Whats wrong with you? 怎么了? He asked the girl what was wrong with her．他問這個(gè)女孩怎么回事了。 Whats the matter? 怎么了? He asked the girl what was the matter．他問這個(gè)女孩怎么了。 What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什么事了? We want to know what has happened to him．我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。 同類句式還有：Who broke the window? 誰打破的窗戶? Who is in the classroom? 誰在教室里? What made him so angry．什么使得他如此生氣。 3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互換。例如： Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他問我是否可以幫助他。 但語義有點(diǎn)區(qū)別： 1）whether強(qiáng)調(diào)猶豫和選擇，多見于書面語中；if 只限于條件，常用于口語。例如： Write and tell me whether Im to e. 請(qǐng)寫信告訴我，我是否該來。 Write and tell me if Im to e. 如果我該來，請(qǐng)寫信告訴我（相當(dāng)于說：若我不必來，那就不用費(fèi)心寫信給 我了。） 2）whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句，if 只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句和條件狀語從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從 句，首先要弄清楚是賓語從句，還是條件狀語從句，然后再確定時(shí)態(tài)。若是引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在（過去）時(shí)代替一般將來（過去將來）時(shí)。例如： If you dont go soon, you’ll be late.如果你不馬上去就會(huì)遲到。 當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式（如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數(shù)，一律用 were）,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如： If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個(gè)國(guó)民都懂得急救（的知識(shí)），許 多生命就會(huì)得以挽救。 3）whether和if都可以與or no連用。但if與or not之間常需要用詞語隔開，而whether與or not可連用，也可隔 開。例如： Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告訴 我火車是否離開了嗎? I dont care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車是否壞了。 4）下列情況，只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞： 引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如： Whether he es or not doesnt concern me.他來不來與我無關(guān)。 I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval..我決定不了是否該同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。 Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我們是走還是留，其結(jié)果是一樣的。 5）與不定式連用：例如： I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。 6）在介詞后作介賓。例如： I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 4．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句 1）否定轉(zhuǎn)移 在以上動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I dont think the book is worth buying．我認(rèn)為這本書不值得買。 I dont believe they have finished their work．我相信他們并未完成他們的工作。 I dont suppose he cares．我猜想他們不會(huì)介意的。 We dont expect they will have everything done．我們希望他們沒有把事全做完。 2）存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問句時(shí)，具有如下特點(diǎn)： 在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時(shí)，反意疑問句應(yīng)針對(duì)主句。 You dont think he can finish his work, do you? 你認(rèn)為他不能完成他的工作，是嗎? He doesnt believe that we have e back，does he? 他認(rèn)為我們還沒回來呢，是嗎? 但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時(shí)，反意疑問詞部分的主語和時(shí)態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致，并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I dont think you are an actor，are you? 我認(rèn)為你不是一個(gè)演員，是嗎? I suppose you have been to Beijing，havent you ?我想你去過北京。是嗎? 另外，當(dāng)think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess這類表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”的動(dòng)詞作主句謂語時(shí)，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。 What do you think he is? 你認(rèn)為他是做什么的? How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你認(rèn)為我得花多少時(shí)間來做這件事? 二. 賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.我聽說物理不容易。 I think (that) you will like this school soon.我認(rèn)為你不久會(huì)喜歡這所學(xué)校。 Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告訴我怎么到動(dòng)物園嗎？ Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)。 三. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 1．若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如： We all know chicken cant swim.我們都知道雞不會(huì)游泳。 Dont you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認(rèn)為吉姆講的太快了嗎？ He says he will e back.他說他會(huì)回來。 2．若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞也可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如： Show me which picture is yours.讓我看看哪張照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.請(qǐng)告訴我要去哪里。 3．若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句必須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種。例如： I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已經(jīng)掃過地了。 He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他問我昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候是否在做作業(yè)。 4．若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，則不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他們那時(shí)就知道太陽比地球大得多， He said that one and one makes two.他說一加一等于二。 【語法過關(guān)】 1．--- Could you tell us how long ______? --- About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last 2．I want to know______, A. what is his name B whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3．Parents are taught to understand_____important education is to their children’s future.(xx廣東卷) A. that B. how C. such D. so 4．I wonder _______ they will e here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how 5．-Could you tell me ______? -Im not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 6. - Can I help you? - Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me______ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 7．.---Could you let me know ___________ yesterday? ---Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you e late B. why you came late C. why do you e late D. why you e late 8．A puter can only do _________you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 9．The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that 10．I think Father would like to know ____ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note A. which B. why C. what D. how 學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)： 1：這堂課你掌握了什么？答： 學(xué)生對(duì)于本次課的評(píng)價(jià)： ○ 特別滿意 ○ 滿意 ○ 一般 ○ 差 學(xué)生簽字： 教師評(píng)定： 1、 學(xué)生上次作業(yè)評(píng)價(jià)： ○ 非常好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要優(yōu)化 2、 學(xué)生本次上課情況評(píng)價(jià)：○非常 好 ○好 ○ 一般 ○ 需要優(yōu)化 教師簽字：