現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

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1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，談?wù)摰氖乾F(xiàn)在的情況。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在情況可能已發(fā)生變化。 Who opened the door? (“誰(shuí)開(kāi)的門？”只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去開(kāi)門這一動(dòng)作，門現(xiàn)在可能已關(guān)上。) Who has opened the door? (“誰(shuí)把門開(kāi)了？”強(qiáng)調(diào)門現(xiàn)在依然還開(kāi)著。) ◇ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, la

2、st Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上這些明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。再有，過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作， 如現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生的變化，也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 ☆特別提醒：如果這些過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前有since，表示“自過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 He finished reading the book the day before yesterday. I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.

3、 ◇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句連用，when后只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與where, why等疑問(wèn)詞連用。如：Where have you been? (你去過(guò)哪里了？) ----The train has left. ----When did the train leave? ◇since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后面用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，只有前面的主句才用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. ◇有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如this morning, th

4、is month, tonight等，既可以與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，又可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，但內(nèi)涵不同。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示與“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān)，時(shí)間已成為過(guò)去。而與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，則表示包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)。 I saw him this morning. (時(shí)間已不在上午了。) I have seen him this morning. (說(shuō)話時(shí)間還是上午。) He lived in New York for eight years. (他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在紐約住了。) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他現(xiàn)在還在紐約居住。) ◇同步練習(xí)

5、動(dòng)詞填空： 1. I ___________(see) Tom last Friday. 2. ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer? 3. ----Where ______ you ______(put) my pen? ----I _______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found. 4. When ______ you _______(start) to live in China? 5. ----The train ______

6、______ (leave) already. ----When ________ the train _________(leave)? 6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last. 7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks? 8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil. 單項(xiàng)選擇： ( ) 1. ----Where _______ the

7、recorder? I can’t see it anywhere. ---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone! A. did you put; haveput B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put ( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C

8、. taught; has come D. has taught; has come ( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山東) A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left ( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重慶) A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen ( )

9、5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （寧波） ---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit ( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京) ---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back. A. hadn’t seen; am B. haven’t seen; was

10、 C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; shall be ( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here? ---- There ______ very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been ( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary? A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose ( ) 9. Whe

11、re ______ you _______? Which answer is not right? A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D. are; doing ( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. were B. have C. are D. have been Keys: 動(dòng)詞填空： 1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put 4. did, start 5. has

12、left, did, leave 6. met 7. have, been 8. have lost 單項(xiàng)選擇： 1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題 一、 單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since ______. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years bef

13、ore 3. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You ______ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________. A. since last we

14、ek B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _____ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A.

15、 since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. His father _______ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.

16、A. won’t go, saw B. won’t go, will see C. won’t go, has seen D. didn’t go, sees 12.---- Would you like some more food? ----Thank you. I _______ enough. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have,

17、been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing? ----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month. A. Have, been, haven’t, am going B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going D. Did,go, didn’t, was going 15. ---You sister _

18、_____ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago A. bought B. bought C. bought D. has bought 17. —Where is Li

19、Lei? —He ___ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music. A.. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. ha

20、s come to 20. --- Is your father a Party member? --- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks. A. w

21、ill; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had 22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; bee

22、n C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _____ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer __

23、_____ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet? ---Yes, I _____ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing se

24、veral times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He ____ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green ____ in China for two y

25、ears. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film ____ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn’t begun D. began 33.—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have to Beijing with my friends． A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34．How long have

26、you _______ this book？ A. bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent 35. We have lived here _______ five years ago． A. when B．since C．before D．a(chǎn)fter 36．—I have watched the game． —When _____you _______ it？ A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch 37．—How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ —O

27、h，I _______ such a beautiful city． A．dont visit B．didnt visit C．havent visited D．hadnt visited 38．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice． A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan． A．a(chǎn)fter B．before C．since D．for

28、 40．His grandpa _______ for two years． A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 41．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？ —Yes，I_______ there with my family last August． A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in 42. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. Shell retur

29、n next year． A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from 以適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _________ (see) it last week. 2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet . 3. -----_____you _______(be) to Hong Kong ? ----Yes, I ___

30、_____________ (be) there twice . 4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? ----No, never. 5. My father ____ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 6. Where’s Li Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundred

31、s of years ago. Now it ____ (become) a large city. 8. I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999. 9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here. 10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks. 11. --- I ___________ (see) the film

32、“Chicken Run”. --- Where and when ________ you _______ (see) it? --- Last week. 12. Mary _____ already _______ (have) her supper. 13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday. 14. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend)

33、 the TV yet? ---Yes, he______. ---When _____ he _____ it? --- Yesterday. 15. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet? 16. They _____already_____(do) their homework. But they don’t know what_____ (do) next. 17. ---____ you _____ (see) the film last night? ---No, I ___________

34、(see) it for several times. 18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. 19. My father ___________ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He____ already _________(pay) fifty yuan for it. 20. She____________ (not read) this book before. 21. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before? 22.

35、 --- ____ Wei Hua _____ (come) yet? ---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now. 23. ---How long _____you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years. 24. They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。 1. I have been to Maca

36、u before.(改為否定句) I ______ ________ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ________ ________ he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) ________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ? 4. I bought a new bike just now. (用

37、just改寫) I _______ just ________a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _______ _______ English ________ three years 6. He has lived here since 1999.(就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _____ _____ _____ he_______ here? 7. They have already finished the work.（否定） They ______ ______ the

38、 work ______. 8. My father got there two days ago.（同義句） My father ______ ______ ______ for two days. 9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同義句） Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999. 10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同義句） The factory _______ __

39、______ ______ for ten years. 11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問(wèn)) _____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week? 12. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同義句） My father _____ ______ _____ England _____. 13. John left Beijing three years ago. （同義句）

40、 John_______ ______ ______ Beijing_____ three years. 14. His company closed in 2003. （同義句） His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003. 15. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同義句） My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year. 16. We got to know each other for about 15 years. （

41、同義句） We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years. 17. The film began ten minutes ago. （同義句） The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes. 18. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同義句） I _________ ________ this book for two weeks. 一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1、Both his parents look sa

42、d . Maybe they _________whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） 　?。? knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? 　?。? already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 　 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ 　?。? just

43、 Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . 　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . 　　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . 　?。? has changed ; well

44、 Ｂ. changed ; good 　?。? has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 　 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . 　?。? was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study 　?。? has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 　 7、We ______ Xiao

45、 Li since she was a little girl . 　?。? know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . 　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . 　　 —Reall

46、y ? When _____ there ? 　?。? will they go Ｂ. did they go 　?。? do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? 　　 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . 　?。? Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finis

47、hed 　?。? Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . 　?。? joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 　 12、—Do you know him well ? 　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . 　?。? were Ｂ. have

48、 been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 　 13、—How long have you ____ here ? 　　—About two months . 　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 　 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . 　?。? has begun Ｂ. had begun 　　Ｃ. has

49、been on Ｄ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . 　?。? is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_______ to the library . 　?。?has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

50、 　 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . 　?。? have been in Ｂ. have been to 　?。? have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 1

51、9、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has

52、 started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) have they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He f

53、or a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） 　 Her moth

54、er _______ the Party three years ________ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) ___________________________________________

55、 漢譯英。 1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 4、 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。 5、 她去過(guò)上海。 6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ 參考答案： 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是Ｂ。 2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），ju

56、st（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來(lái)，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。 3、C 4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來(lái)），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。 5、C 6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。 7、C 8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three t

57、imes（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語(yǔ)連用。故8應(yīng)選B。 9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。 10、B 11、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的

58、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來(lái)）”，指主語(yǔ)所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?！癶ave/has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。”故16的正確答案為A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、has he? 2、How long

59、 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、漢譯英。 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、He received a letter yesterday. 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、She hasnt seen the new film yet. 5、She has been to Shanghai. 6、Where has he been these days？