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1、
現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示一個在過去完成的動作。
它們屬于不同時間的兩種時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的
范疇，而一般過去時屬于過去時態(tài)的范疇。
下面我們先從構成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時態(tài)。
現(xiàn)在完成時的動詞形式為：“ (ha ves)+ 動詞的過去分
詞” 像 have/has done ：而一般過去時的動詞形式為： “動
詞的過去式”像 did . 例如：
Jack ’
2、s mother took him to school every day when he
was in primary school.
杰克在小學時他媽媽每天送他上學。
Maria has never read any Chinese stories. 瑪利亞從未
讀過中國故事。
2. 基本用法不同： “對現(xiàn)在影響” 、“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”
正如前面所說，現(xiàn)在完成時是與現(xiàn)在有關的時態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時
態(tài)的范疇，現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時最大的區(qū)別有兩點：它
側重
3、于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過去時是一
種過去時態(tài)，側重于表示過去的動作， 與現(xiàn)在無關。 例
如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo. 昨天我去了動物園。 （僅說明
昨天去了動物園，與現(xiàn)在無關）
Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看過那本書。 （說明李磊
了解那本書的內(nèi)容）
另外， 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以表示動作從過去某個時候開始一直
延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性它
4、常與 for 及 since 引導的
一段時間狀語連用。例如：
He has lived here for ten years. 他已在這兒住了 10 年了。
比較：
1.) The Greens have worked in China since 1998.
格林一家自 1998 年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國工作。
The Greens worked in China in 1998. 格林一家
1998
5、
年在
中國工作。
2.) He has lived in the country for a long time.
他在農(nóng)
村生活了很長時間。
（現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村）
He lived in the country for a long time before he came
to town.
他進城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長時間。
3.) She has bought a bicycle. 她買了一輛自行車。 （現(xiàn)在她
6、
有一輛自行車了。 ）
She bought a bicycle last year. 去年她買了一輛自行車。
4.) He has won a prize for his invention.
他因為他的發(fā)明而獲獎了。 He also won a prize last year.
他去年也獲獎了。
注意：
在與 for 及 since 引導的一段時間狀語連用時，句子的謂語
動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，終止性動詞不可和一段時間連
7、用。
例如：他當兵已三年了。
誤： He has become a soldier for three years.
誤： He joined the army for three years.
正： He has been a soldier for three years.
正： He has been in the army for three years.
1. 連用的時間狀語不同
與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語除了上面所說明的由 since 和
for 引導的一
8、段時間外還有： already, yet, still ,just, so far,
in the last(past), before, ever, never 等。而一般過去時則
常與 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now 等連用。
注意：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)不可與 yesterday, last week, two days
ago 等之類的表示具體的過去時間的狀語連用。例如：
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on t
9、he grass
in the park?
你曾在公園里摘過花或曾踩過草地嗎？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.
爸爸 10 年前買了那塊手表。
I have never seen the film before.
我以前沒有看過這部影片。
注意：在 when 引導的特殊疑問句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時，而
只可用一般過去時。例如：
When did you vis
10、it Japan? 你什么時候訪問過日本？
Exercises:
◇同步練習
動詞填空：
1. saw I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.
2. Did ， go
Great Wall last summer?
________you ________(go) to the
3. When ____did__ you ___start__
11、__(start) to
live in China?
5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.
----When ________ the train
_________(leave)?
6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you
last.
7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last
12、
two weeks?
8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom.
I have to write with a pencil.
單項選擇：
( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can
see it anywhere.
---- I _______ it right
13、here. But now it
gone!
A. did you put; have put you put; put
’ t
’ s
B. have
C. had you put; was putting D. were
you putti
14、ng; have put
( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to
this school.
A. taught; came B. has
taught; came
C. taught; has come D. has
taught; has come
( ) 3. I am sorry you
’ ve missed the train.
15、It
_______ 10 minutes ago. ( 山東 )
left
A. left
D. had left
B. has left
C. has been
( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It
year since I last ________ you.( 重慶 )
’
16、s one
A. saw B. see C.
seeing D. have seen
( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,
Elsa? （寧波）
---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.
A. have visited B. had visited C.
visited D. visit
( ) 6. ---- Ni
17、ce to see you. I _______ you for a
long time. ( 南京 )
---- I ______ in Bejing. I ’ve just come back.
A. hadn
’t seen; am
B. haven
’t
seen; was
C. didn
18、
’tsee; will be
D. haven
’t
seen; shall be
(
) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer
here?
---- There ______ very little rain.
A. has B. has
19、
C.
are been D. have been
( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?
A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose
does; lose
( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is
not right?
20、
A. are; going B. have;
D.
been
C. did; go D. are; doing
( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my
hometown since ten years ago.
A. were B. have
are
21、D. have been
Keys:
動詞填空：
1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put start 5. has left, did, leave 6. met
8. have lost
單項選擇：
1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD
C.
4. did,
7. have, been
現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
