英文字母及字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)律.ppt

常見的字母與字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)則,元音字母及元音字母組合拼讀規(guī)則,元音字母的發(fā)音,（一）元音字母a,1.重讀開音節(jié)eilate;make;lake;face2.重讀閉音節(jié)bag;fat;cat;（*例外：any一些e;many許多e）3.非重讀音節(jié)或i即：ChinaCanadaivillage;orange*連續(xù)相同的輔音（字母），一般只發(fā)一個(gè)音，而且歸屬后一個(gè)音節(jié)段。如上的village.,4.在字母w或wh后面，發(fā):what;want;(例外：water水:)5.a在諸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp組合里,重讀時(shí)均發(fā)a:即：dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass）fast;past;last;father;path;bath;(*例外：maths)graphaftergrasp,(二)元音字母e,1.重讀開音節(jié)i:me;he;she;these;evening2.重讀閉音節(jié)ehen;get;tell;red3.非重讀音節(jié)iticket;basket;pocket;before;below;hundredstudentopen,（三）元音字母i,1.重讀開音節(jié)aihi;China;time;2.重讀閉音節(jié)isit;hit;ill;little;3.非重讀音節(jié)iunit;holidaybeautiful,(四)元音字母o,1.重讀開音節(jié)uno;so;go;home;photo;2.重讀閉音節(jié)not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重讀音節(jié)purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均發(fā)come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom)love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.兩個(gè)單詞：womanwu-mn女人（單數(shù)）;womenwi-min女人（復(fù)數(shù)）,（五）元音字母u,1.重讀開音節(jié)ju:pupil;student;use;cube*在開音節(jié)中，元音字母u在輔音字母jlrs后面時(shí)讀u:音，例如：Junebluerulersuper2.重讀閉音節(jié)或uus;bus;mum;sunuput;full;pull3.非重讀音節(jié)autumn;August;support,半元音字母y的發(fā)音,字母y一般有三種發(fā)音:*放在詞首的發(fā)/j/:yes;yellow*在單音節(jié)詞中（重讀開音節(jié)）發(fā)/ai/:my;try*在大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞中（非重讀音節(jié)）發(fā)/i/:study,元音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則,（一）元音字母a的字母組合,1.ai或ay在重讀音節(jié)中eirain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重讀音里i或eiSunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday,3.al+絕大多數(shù)輔音字母:small;wall;call;或:lalso;always*al后面是k時(shí)，只發(fā):talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m時(shí)，al發(fā)a:half;calm*-al在詞尾非重讀（）lmedal;metal;(例外canal運(yùn)河，重音在后l),4.-ance在重讀時(shí)a:nschance;dance;France*在非重讀時(shí)nsimportance；performance；ambulance5.-ant非重讀ntassistant;important；peasant,6.-ange一般eindchange;danger;strange;(*但orangeind例外)7.-age一般idvillage;carriage;marriage,8.-ask一般重讀時(shí)a:skask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重讀時(shí)a:sclass;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass例外),10.-ast一般重讀時(shí)a:stlast;past;fast;cast*-aste一般eistwaste;paste;taste11.-ath一般a:bath;path;(但maths例外)*或a:father;rather;(gather例外),12.-au一般:cause;autumn;August;(*但because)*-augh(t):(t)taught;daughter(*例外：laughla:f)13.-aw:draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a發(fā)was;wash;want;what;(*但water:,15.-ar重讀音時(shí)a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音w后面時(shí):war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重讀音時(shí)beggar;dollar;solar,16.-are一般hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般eiblable;cable;table;stable,(二)元音字母e的組合,1.-ea重讀音節(jié)有四個(gè)音，分別是下列：*大多數(shù)發(fā)/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的發(fā)/e/:head,bread;read(過去式);breakfast,peasant*還有的發(fā)/ei/:great;break(小學(xué)英語中只有這兩個(gè)單詞)*-eai:real;really,2.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一個(gè)例外：coffeei3.-eerideer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer,4.-er重讀音節(jié):her;term;service;Germany*非重讀worker;paper;western;teacher特殊讀法a:clerk5.-ereihere;mere-ere或者發(fā)there;where,6.-ear有三種音，分別是：*-eariear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear:early;earth;learn;heard*-eara:heart*但tear作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，發(fā),7.-eieieight;weigh;weight*-eiaiheight*-eii:receive8.-ey重讀eithey;hey;survey*-ey重讀i:key*-ey非重讀imonkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重讀itpocket;ticket;rocket,9.-ew一般ju:new;few;knew*-ew或者發(fā)u:grew;threw*-ew還可以發(fā)usew10.-egeidcollege,11.-estistbiggest;happiest;12.詞尾的-ed在濁音后dlived;studied*-ed在清音后tworked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后idwanted;needed,（三）元音字母i或y的組合,1.-ie在重讀音節(jié)中，或在輔音字母前，發(fā)i:，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在詞尾ailie;die;tie2.-ir在重讀音節(jié):girl;first;third;circle,3.-ire在重讀音節(jié)aifire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重讀音節(jié)ai(t)high;night;light;bright5.-ildaildchild;wild,6.-indaindfind;kind;mind;wind;(*但windowind)7.-ingiking;wing;sing;doing;making,8.-(a)tion(ei)nnation;pronunciation;information；*-stiontnquestion*-sionn或nmission使命;precision精密,9.-ye在詞尾aigood-bye;bye-bye10.-istist例：list;fist;,(四)元音字母o的組合,1.-oa在重音時(shí)uboat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音時(shí):例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音時(shí)i*-oy例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例：boy;toy;joy;loyal,3.-oo一般u:too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;*單詞room和其他名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí)，常發(fā)短音。如classroomu等。*在字母k或有時(shí)在t，d之前時(shí)ulook;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food例外）;,4.-or在重音時(shí):for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面:work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均發(fā):)*-or在非重音時(shí)monitor;doctor;professor;forget;,5.-oar一般:board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般:或在美式英語里發(fā)door;floor*-oor還發(fā)upoor,7.-ore在重音時(shí):snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般aushout;loud;round;found*-ou還發(fā)country;trouble*-ou還發(fā)u:wound;wounded,9.-ough(t)發(fā):(t)ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：coughkf)10.-oeutoe;hoe;Joe,11.-olduldold;hold;cold;told12.-ostustpost;most;host;ghost(*例外costst),13.-our在重音時(shí)auour;hour;sour;*還發(fā):four;course;pour*還發(fā)utour;gourd*-our在詞尾(非重音)colour;neighbour;favourite,14.-ow在重音時(shí)aunow;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中ulow;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;know;show,（五）元音字母u的組合,1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均發(fā)u如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u構(gòu)成的開音節(jié)，u發(fā)u:rule;true;blue;June,2.-ue在詞尾ju:argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面時(shí)，發(fā)u:fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者緊接重音節(jié)后面的一個(gè)音節(jié)時(shí)發(fā)i如：build;biscuit；guilty,4.-ur在重音時(shí):turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音時(shí)surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音時(shí)(j)upureju;sureu*-ture發(fā)tpicture;future;mixture,(II)輔音字母及輔音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則,輔音字母一般都發(fā)字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列舉如下:,1.b在一般情況下bback；big;lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常發(fā)ibuilding；build；busy-bt一般tdebt;doubt,2.c在字母e,i或y前面時(shí)scity;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前kcup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在詞尾時(shí)也發(fā)k，但后面有e，還發(fā)smusickgraces;,-ckkduck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有時(shí)發(fā)social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和輔音字母之前koccasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前ksaccent;success,-ch有三種音tk或如下：*tChina;rich;chick;chalk*kschool;chemistry;ache;technology*machine;parachute;moustache-tchtcatch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher,3.d在一般情況下ddid;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds發(fā)dzbirds;handsdr在元音字母前drdry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般dbridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情況下ffive;flag;life;leaf,5.g在字母e,i或y前面dlarge;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都發(fā)g在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前ggame;goat;guard;ghost;glass在詞尾也發(fā)gbig;egg;fig;flag,-gnn，即g不發(fā)音foreign;sign;-gh發(fā)f或-(即不發(fā)音)-high;light;thought;broughtflaugh;cough-dge發(fā)dbridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在詞首時(shí)一般u都不發(fā)音guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在詞尾發(fā)gleague;colleague,6.*h在一般情況下hhelp;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不發(fā)音exhibition7.j在一般情況下djoy;judge;journey;January;just,8.*k在一般情況下kking;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n時(shí)，k不發(fā)音,即kn發(fā)nknee;know;knowledge;knifeclimb;comb;tomb;,字母l只有兩種發(fā)音:放在詞首的發(fā)清晰的/l/;放在詞末或le則發(fā)模糊/l/。9.*l在元音字母前發(fā)l(*即“勒”音，供參考)light；look;let;lab;live*l在輔音字母或詞尾時(shí)發(fā)l(*即“歐”音，供參考)cold；sell;chalk,10.m在一般情況下mmeat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b時(shí),b不發(fā)音,即-mb發(fā)m,11.*n在一般情況下nnow;next;ton;nest*n在m后面時(shí)，n常不發(fā)音,即-mn發(fā)mautumn;column但后面有后綴或構(gòu)成合成詞，則n還要發(fā)音的autumnal;columnist,-ng常發(fā)或g*發(fā)sing;king;English;young*發(fā)gfinger；younger;language-nk常發(fā)kink;thank,12.p在一般情況下pmap;cap;people;pest*-phfphoto;phantom;physics13.*que在一般情況下kcheque*qu一般發(fā)kwquarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen,14.*r在元音字母前才發(fā)音r(即音同“日”供參考)room；read;rest;around*r在輔音字母或詞尾前，一般不發(fā)音car;star;jar*rh在元音字母前只發(fā)rrhyme;rhino;rhetoric,15.*s在詞首和詞尾、清輔音之前或之后,或者在詞尾同時(shí)在短元音之后，一般發(fā)s如：see;some;sister;works;yes;thisnewspaper;注：一條發(fā)音習(xí)慣，歐美人在發(fā)s音后面的清輔音時(shí)，習(xí)慣上把該清輔音發(fā)成相對(duì)應(yīng)的濁輔音（而書寫音標(biāo)的時(shí)候，還是寫成清輔音），試舉例如下：school-音標(biāo)sku:l，念成sgu:lstreet-音標(biāo)stri:t,念成sdri:tstudent-stju:dnt,念成sdju:dntspace-音標(biāo)speis,而習(xí)慣念成sbeis,*s在兩個(gè)元音之間或者在濁輔音和元音之間時(shí)，發(fā)z如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe詞尾的s在濁輔音或元音之后（即在濁音之后），發(fā)z如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys詞尾的s在長元音之后，發(fā)zhers;yourss還可以發(fā)sure;Russia,-sh一般發(fā)sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般發(fā)skschool;scheme(計(jì)劃)-sion一般發(fā)ntension;succession*在元音字母后ndecision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后measure;pleasure,16.t在一般情況下tcat;tooth；teach;let;ten;table;-th一般發(fā)或小學(xué)階段，發(fā)/音的大多與數(shù)字有關(guān):thirteen,third,ninth,tenth再加上mouth,tooth;thin;think,thank等詞;發(fā)/音的大多與代詞有關(guān):that;this;these;those-trtrtry;trust;trip;tree;street-tionninformation;pronunciation;(*一個(gè)例外：questiontn)-turetpicture;mixture;future,17.v在一般情況下vlive;very;vase;valley;village,18.w在元音字母之前wwear;window;week;wisdomwrrwrite;wrong;wrist;whhwho;whom;whose;whwwhat;which;when;where;whyaw:draw;saw;law;ewju:few;knew;newowulow;slow;know;belowowaunow;cow;crown,19.x在一般情況下ksbox;fox;next;text位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一個(gè)音節(jié)上時(shí)，發(fā)gzexam;exist;,20.y在元音字母之前jyou;youth;yes;young21.z在一般情況下zzoo;zebra;zero;zipper,