2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達標選題 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions一、閱讀理解。Angry men appear to gain influence in a group,but angry women lose influence,according to a new study.Researchers from Arizona State University(ASU)published their findings in the journal Law and Human Behavior.Jessica Salerno is a psychologist and was co­author of the study.The findings suggest that“women might not have the same opportunity for influence when they express anger”. The study found that when men expressed their opinion with anger,participants rated them as more believable.But when women expressed anger,they were viewed as more emotional and,thus,less convincing.In other words,a man could benefit from using anger in power and persuasion.A woman,however,could be ignored or hurt by her group if she expressed anger. The study was based on the responses of 210 students.They were shown evidence and photographs online from a real murder trial.A man was said to have murdered his wife.The students were asked to decide if the man was guilty or not.Before making their decision,the students discussed the case online with five jurors(陪審員).But these were not real jurors:They were puters making responses and ments back to the students.Some of the fake jurors had male identities. Others had female identities. Some male jurors were angry about the judgment.When this happened,the students reacted by doubting their own decisions about the case.Confidence in their responses on the judgment “dropped obviously,”said the study.But,when female jurors seemed angry,the student participants“became obviously more confident in their original judgments,”the study found. The study could have wider importance.“Our results have implications(啟示)for any woman who is trying to have influence on a decision in their workplace and everyday lives,”said Salerno.She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger.1.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Powerful Men Must Be Those Who Often Get AngryB.Women,be Careful Not to Turn Angry EasilyC.Angry Men Win Influence While Angry Women LoseD.Angry Women Are Not Unfit for Leaders While Men Are2.The underlined word“rated”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by“_.”A.forgaveB.ignoredC.regardedD.praised3.How did the students react to the female jurors anger with their judgments?A.They more firmly stuck to their judgments.B.They began to doubt about their judgments.C.They gave up their judgments willingly.D.They had to change their judgments.4.If a woman politician wants to have more influence,shed better_.A.always keep smilingB.avoid losing her temperC.bee angryD.give orders firmly參考答案： 1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B解析： 1.主旨大意題。本文討論的話題是生氣的男人更有影響力,而生氣的女人卻會減少影響力。由主題段第一段得出。2.詞義猜測題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)男人用氣憤的方式表達意見時,參與者認為他們更可信。rate此處的意思是“認為”,與regard同義。3.細節(jié)理解題。試驗中,如果女陪審員對學(xué)生的判斷生氣,學(xué)生會更堅信自己的判斷。由第五段最后一句得出。4.細節(jié)理解題。女政治家要想獲得更大的影響力,不要生氣發(fā)火。由第六段She added that in a political debate,a female candidate might have less influence if she shows anger得出。二、單句語法填空1Some people say that classical music _(associate) only with old people.答案：is associatedbe associated with . “與有關(guān)”。2Though we are living a better life, I cant bear _(see) food thrown away.答案：seeingcant bear doing . “不能忍受做某事”。3What was it that distinguished her _her classmates?答案：fromdistinguish . from . “把與區(qū)分/辨別開”。4We must always bear in mind _China is a big country with a huge population.答案：thatbear in mind that . “記住”。5The service offers young people _(practice) advice on finding a job.答案：practical此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾其后的名詞advice。practical “實用的；實際的；實踐的”。6We all have an _(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.答案：expectation由空前的冠詞可知應(yīng)填名詞。7In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and _ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.答案：seizing該句為“only狀語”位于句首引起倒裝的句式。face與seize為and連接的兩個并列成分，且均作by的賓語，故由facing可知應(yīng)填seizing。8It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.答案：that該句為含有not until的強調(diào)句。由該句型“It is/wasnot until .that其他”可知，應(yīng)填that。9She _(tap) me on the shoulder but I didnt feel it.答案：tapped由but連接并列成分可知，設(shè)空處動詞在句中作謂語；且后面并列句的謂語為didnt .，所以空格處也應(yīng)用一般過去時，應(yīng)填tapped。10Prices of daily goods _ (buy) through a puter can be lower than store prices.答案：bought過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語修飾goods。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I am a social worker.I wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago.I met him many years ago while doing my internship(實習(xí)期)in the country prison.He was _1_ a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and alcohol problems.He was always _2_ new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their _3_.One of his favorite _4_ was the Toy Drive.He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.He did this for twenty years _5_ his sudden death.As last Christmas _6_，I decided that this tradition had to be _7_，for the children as well as the _8_ of my friend.But the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was _9_.I had to start anew(重新) and with very little _10_！I started making phone calls，explaining about the project and my _11_.I prayed every night that the event would，_12_，be worthy of my friend.To my great _13_，individuals，churches and businesses began to e on board and，_14_，I had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local munity _15_！When Christmas Eve finally arrived，I felt very happy，thinking I had done all I could do and reflecting on what a(n) _16_ it had been for me.I was bagging up the remaining toys _17_ if there was anyone left who might like them.Then my phone rang.It was my daughter.She _18_ to explain about a woman she knew in Kentucky who had five children，one seriously ill，no husband，no heating in the home，no toys！Oh！How could we not?My daughter and I drove all night，from New York to Kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of _19_！My friends _20_ of kindness lived on that year，reaching all the way to Kentucky!1A.recording BattendingCdirecting Dimproving2A.putting up with Bing up withCkeeping up with Dcatching up with3A.group BfamilyCpany Dclub4A.events BsportsChobbies Dgames 5A.after BsinceCbecause Duntil6A.arrived BfollowedCapproached Dfinished7A.carried out Blived onCcarried on Dlived out8A.benefit BmemoryCpleasure Dfavor9A.active BextraChiding Dmissing10A.time BpressureCenergy Dconfidence11A.difficulties BimpressionCimportance Datmosphere12A.otherwise BhoweverCsomehow Dthough13A.curiosity BdisappointmentCrelief Dthought14A.eventually BoccasionallyCabsolutely Dgenerally15A.in particular Bas wellConce more Dat first16A.honor BpityCburden Ddiscovery17A.predicting BwonderingCevaluating Drealizing18A.drove BcameCreturned Dcalled19A.chocolates BcandiesCtoys Dflowers20A.spirit BpositionCcourage Dattention【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者多年前在實習(xí)期間被朋友幫助他人的精神所感動，而在朋友逝世后繼續(xù)朋友的活動以使朋友的精神得以延續(xù)的感人故事?！竞诵脑~匯】file n文件箱，文件夾reflect v反射，仔細思考remaining adj.剩余的，留下的1C根據(jù)下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”，并與空后的“program”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者的朋友當(dāng)時負責(zé)這樣的一個項目。record“記錄，記載”；attend“參加，出席，到場”；improve“提升”；direct“負責(zé)，管理”。2B根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示想出辦法。put up with“忍受”；e up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“趕上”。3B根據(jù)下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners”可推知，作者的朋友不僅幫助那些服刑的人，而且還幫助他們的家人。4A根據(jù)下文的“I started making phone calls, explaining about the project”可推知，此處作者介紹了朋友最喜歡做的活動項目，與下文的“I prayed every night that the event would，_12_，be worthy of my friend”呼應(yīng)。event“事件，活動”。5D根據(jù)語境可推知，作者的朋友堅持了20年，一直做這樣的活動，直到最后自己突然離逝。6C根據(jù)語境可知，朋友去世后，在上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，作者準備把這個圣誕傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)下去，且與下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼應(yīng)。approach“臨近”。7C參見上題解析。carry out“實行”；live on“以為生”；carry on“繼續(xù)”；live out“不住在工作場所，實現(xiàn)某事(指曾計劃或期望的事)”。8B上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，為了孩子們，也為了朋友的善意行為，作者決定延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。benefit“好處，益處”；memory“記憶”；pleasure“樂趣”；favor“善意的行為”。9D根據(jù)下文的“I had to start anew(重新)and with very little _10_”可推知，之前朋友所幫助過的人的信息都丟失了，作者不得不重新獲取。extra“額外的，另外的”；missing“找不到的，丟失的”。10A根據(jù)上文的“As last Christmas _6_，I decided that this tradition had to be _7_，for the children as well as the _8_ of my friend”可知，圣誕節(jié)馬上來臨了，作者找到朋友幫助過的人的信息的時間并不多。pressure“壓力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11A在時間緊、文件丟失的情況下，作者要繼續(xù)朋友生前的活動是困難的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“氣氛”。12C根據(jù)語境可推知，作者每晚祈禱，這樣的活動能以某種方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否則，要不然”；somehow“以某種方式”。13C根據(jù)下文的“individuals，churches and businesses began to e on board”可推知，大家都來幫忙，因此作者很寬慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“寬慰”。14A根據(jù)下文的“I had enough toys”可推知，作者在大家的幫助下，最終收集到了活動所需要的足夠多的玩具。eventually“最終”；occasionally“偶爾，偶然，間或”；absolutely“完全地，絕對地”；generally“總體上來說，大致”。15B根據(jù)上文的“with some left over for the local munity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不僅夠活動本身用，還有剩余。in particular“尤其，特別”；as well“也”；once more“再一次”；at first“開始”。16A根據(jù)上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地舉辦了圣誕節(jié)活動，感覺能夠為逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的榮幸。honor“榮譽，榮幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“負擔(dān)”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。17B根據(jù)上文的“I was bagging up the remaining toys”，并與本句中的if條件句呼應(yīng)可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜歡剩余的玩具。predict“預(yù)計”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“評估”；realize“實現(xiàn)，意識到”。18D根據(jù)上文的“Then my phone rang”和“It was my daughter”可知，是作者的女兒打來了電話。19C根據(jù)語境可推知，作者和女兒一路驅(qū)車去很遠的地方給孩子們送圣誕節(jié)玩具。20A根據(jù)上文可知，作者的朋友已經(jīng)逝世，作者通過把其生前的活動繼續(xù)下去，讓這種仁慈的精神繼續(xù)存活。spirit“精神”。四、單句改錯1The sound of seagulls called on happy memories of his childhood holidays._答案：onupcall up “使回憶起；給打電話”。2The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss._答案：去掉第二個theout of order “發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒”。3After a short while, the boys set out doing their homework._答案：outabout或doingto doset about doing . set out to do . “著手/開始做”。4The boy knock down by the car was immediately taken to the nearby hospital._答案：knockknocked過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語，修飾the boy, 表被動，故應(yīng)把knock改為knocked。5The teachers abruptly ending speaking can make some students focus their attention on their listening._答案：abruptlyabrupt修飾動名詞短語ending speaking應(yīng)用形容詞，故將abruptly改為abrupt。五、七選五Your first step toward healthy living is to get a handle on your health status right now. Heres your todo list：Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1. ？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC remends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of moderateintensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity, plus musclestrengthening activity at least two days per week.Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about. “2. ，” says Kathianne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You cant change what youre not aware of or dont acknowledge.”Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3. ？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?4 . How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” CNathan DeWall, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.If youre not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. Its not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5. .AHow intense is that activityBConsider your social networkCThe idea is to write it down without judgmentDIts time to learn something about the social appsEIts OK if you leave out some items in your food diaryFIt is the awareness of your own state of health that mattersGAre you experiencing any symptoms of depression or anxiety【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了掌握自身健康狀況的方法。1A解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Assess your activity.”以及關(guān)鍵詞activity可知A項與此處匹配。A項與“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”為并列問句。2C解析：根據(jù)空前的“Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about.”可知，空處應(yīng)講的是不做評判地記下一天要吃的食物。所以C項正確。3G解析：空前一句“How has your mood been lately？”中的關(guān)鍵詞mood與G項中的“any symptoms of depression or anxiety”相呼應(yīng)；G項與空后的“Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night？”為并列問句。4B解析：根據(jù)空后的“How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life？”和“People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships”可知，本段主要講述的是要有社交活動，B項中的“social network”與此呼應(yīng)。所以選B。5F解析：根據(jù)空前的“Its not about being goodorbad，rightorwrong”可知，選F項“意識到你自身的健康狀況是很重要的”。