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Unit 1 Living well 一、閱讀理解 Hillary Clinton promised On October 30, 2016 that she would not be “knocked off course” in the elections final days, as she sought to push past a new FBI email inquiry that delivered a late jolt(震動(dòng)) to her race against Republican Donald Trump. “Im not stopping now, were just getting warmed up,” Clinton declared during a packed rally (集會(huì))with supporters in Florida. “Were not going to be distracted, no matter what our opponents throw at us.” Trump campaigned in Las Vegas at a club owned by billionaire GOP major donor Sheldon Adelson and accused the Justice Department, without offering evidence, of trying to protect Clinton following the FBIs discovery of new emails that could be related to its investigation into Clintons use of a private email server. “Hillary has nobody but herself to blame for her mounting legal problems,” Trump said during a rally. Meanwhile, federal investigators secured a warrant (權(quán)證)to examine the newly discovered emails related to Hillary Clintons private server, media reported on Sunday, as a prominent Democrat accused FBI Director James ey of breaking the law by trying to influence the election. The warrant will allow the FBI to examine the emails to see if they are relevant to its investigation into the private email server used for government work by Clinton, the Democratic presidential nominee, while she was secretary of state from 2009 to 2013. ey came under heavy pressure from Democrats on Sunday to quickly provide details of the emails, as Clinton allies worried the controversy could extend beyond the Nov 8 election and cast a shadow over a Clinton transition if she wins the White House. eys disclosure of the email discovery in a letter to Congress on Friday plunged(使陷入) the final days of the White House race between Clinton and Republican Donald Trump into a state of confusion and disorder. Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid sent a letter to ey on Sunday suggesting he violated the Hatch Act, which bans the use of a federal government position to influence an election. 1.What is James ey? A.Senate Democratic Leader. B.A prominent Democrat. C.FBI Director. D.Head of the Justice Department. 2.What has FBI made a discovery of? A.Clintons private letters written to a foreign country. B.Clintons accepting a lot of money from a businessman. C.Clintons bad health conditions that may affect her administration. D.Clintons new emails through the use of a private email server. 3.The possible meaning of the underlined word “ controversy ” in Para. 7 is ________. A.a successful ending of a struggle or contest B.a lot of argument about something C.the ability and strength to do active physical things D.something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination 4.The best title for the news report can be “________” . A.Clinton promises to stay course, Trump boosted B.Trump accuses the Justice Department of trying to protect Clinton C.Trump says Hillary should blame for her mounting legal problems D.White House race between Clinton and Republican Donald Trump 參考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A 解析： 1.[事實(shí)判斷題。根據(jù)是第五段:as a prominent Democrat accused FBI Director James ey of breaking the law by trying to influence the election。] 2.[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段:…following the FBIs discovery of new emails that could be related to its investigation into Clintons use of a private email server可得答案。] 3.[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文克林頓和特朗普競(jìng)爭(zhēng)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)互相攻擊以及該詞前的worried和該詞后的could extend beyond the Nov 8 election可知該詞是“爭(zhēng)議”的意思。] 4.[標(biāo)題猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)全文如開(kāi)頭:Hillary Clinton promised on October 30 that she would not be “knocked off course” in the elections final days等可知答案。] 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．She adapted herself quickly ________ the climate there. 答案：to　adapt ... to ... “使……適應(yīng)……”。 2．After the meeting, the manager asked him to explain his ________ (absent)． 答案：absence 　absence “缺席；不在”；absent “不在的；缺席的”。由空前的his可知應(yīng)填名詞absence。 3．Is there any sound more ________ (annoy) than the whine of a mosquito? 答案：annoying　annoying “惱人的；煩人的；使人不高興的”，常用來(lái)描述事物的特性；annoyed “感到惱火的；覺(jué)得生氣的”，常描述人的心理狀態(tài)。此處指聲音的特點(diǎn)“令人心煩”可知應(yīng)填annoying。 4．Id like to congratulate you ________ your wonderful performance. 答案：on　congratulate sb. on sth. “就……向某人表示祝賀”。 5．The survey ________ (conduct) by the pany shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year. 答案：conducted　conduct與主語(yǔ)survey 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞conducted充當(dāng)其后置定語(yǔ)。 6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are ________ (access) to the disabled. 答案：accessible 　be accessible to “……可接近/可靠近/可使用的”。 7．The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if ________ (adapt) for television, would be a hit. 答案：adapted　adapt “適應(yīng)；改編”。所給動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)story之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞。 8．My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be ________ (benefit) to his health. 答案：beneficial 　be beneficial to ... “對(duì)……有益”。 9．Without his ________ (encourage) to me, I would have been defeated in the game. 答案：encouragement　此處用名詞encouragement “鼓勵(lì)”作介詞without的賓語(yǔ)。 10．________ (ambitious) plays an important role in our daily life, because it is a guide for us to make decisions and choices. 答案：Ambition　句中缺主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填名詞ambition充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。且作“雄心，野心”講時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 I have written a poem called Flying Kites，in which a man __1__ his son to fly a kite.After a few minutes，the child __2__ drops the string and lets the kite soar(高飛)．With joy in his eyes，he watches it climb until it disappears __3__.The father realizes that __4__ hell have to loosen the tie that binds(綁)him to his son.And he __5__ ，“Will I release the string as unselfishly as that？” Many years later my son，Gary，__6__ he wouldnt finish his college career.I tried to talk him out of it.But none of my reasoning made any __7__.At the end of the semester Gary moved back home. Gary managed to find a__8__ at a nursery and went at it with usual enthusiasm.I，__9__ ，was deeply disappointed.What was a college professors __10__ doing at a job that any high school dropout could perform？Then I tried to __11__ him.“Look，”I said，“in a few years youll be at your high school reunion with__12__ classmates who became doctors，lawyers，and engineers.Do you think youll be able to__13__ that？” “Yes，Dad，”he replied without __14__.Then he fixed his eyes on mine and said，“But the real question is：Can you？” Shame suddenly __15__ me.I wasnt thinking about my son；I was thinking about myself and what my friends would think.The problem wasnt Garys pride；it was mine.All at once I remembered my __16__ and the question it asks“Will I release the __17__ as unselfishly as that？”At that moment I knew I had to let go.Gary was __18__ enough to make his own choices. Today Gary has a successful career working for the city.I am very __19__ of who he has bee.__20__ I let go of my pride，Ive been able to sit back and enjoy watching him soar. 1．A.orders B．instructs C．a(chǎn)dvises D．a(chǎn)llows 2．A.suddenly B．a(chǎn)ctually C．properly D．sadly 3．A.in a row B．in a way C．in no time D．in the distance 4．A.abruptly B．eventually C．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．a(chǎn)pparently 5．A.responds B．guesses C．wonders D．hesitates 6．A.believed B．explained C．regretted D．a(chǎn)nnounced 7．A.progress B．decision C．effort D．difference 8．A.ball B．job C．kite D．toy 9．A.therefore B．besides C．however D．otherwise 10．A.daughter B．nephew C．son D．cousin 11．A.support B．a(chǎn)ccept C．control D．persuade 12．A.honest B．ordinary C．latter D．former 13．A.prevent B．forget C．handle D．a(chǎn)dmit 14．A.hesitation B．mitment C．permission D．ment 15．A.deserted B．silenced C．ignored D．a(chǎn)ngered 16．A.essay B．a(chǎn)rticle C．poem D．passage 17．A.secret B．string C．dog D．news 18．A.old B．honest C．lucky D．cute 19．A.guilty B．tired C．a(chǎn)fraid D．proud 20．A.Since B．When C．Although D．Unless 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者應(yīng)對(duì)兒子大學(xué)輟學(xué)這一情況的故事。 【核心詞匯】release v．釋放，放開(kāi)　semester n．學(xué)期　enthusiasm n．熱情　reunion n．團(tuán)聚 1．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，一個(gè)男人在教兒子放風(fēng)箏。instruct“教授”。故選B。 2．A　根據(jù)下文可知，詩(shī)篇中的兒子突然(suddenly)把線松開(kāi)，讓風(fēng)箏高飛。 3．D　與語(yǔ)境“disappears”呼應(yīng)可推知，風(fēng)箏消失在遠(yuǎn)方(in the distance)。 4．B　這個(gè)男人意識(shí)到最終(eventually)他必須對(duì)兒子放手。 5．C　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，詩(shī)篇中的父親有疑問(wèn)，想知道自己將來(lái)會(huì)不會(huì)無(wú)私地“松開(kāi)線”。wonder“想知道”。 6．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者的兒子宣布他將不會(huì)完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。 7．D　根據(jù)下文的“At the end of the semester Gary moved back home”可知，作者的勸說(shuō)毫無(wú)作用。make a difference意為“有作用”。 8．B　根據(jù)下文的“What was a college professors __10__ doing at a job”可知，作者的兒子找到了一份工作。 9．C　根據(jù)上文的“with usual enthusiasm”和下文的“was deeply disappointed”可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 10．C　根據(jù)上下文可知，Gary和作者是父子關(guān)系。 11．D　根據(jù)作者下文所說(shuō)的話和上文的“reasoning”可知，作者想勸說(shuō)兒子放棄那份工作，因?yàn)樽髡吒械胶苁?。persuade“勸說(shuō)”。 12．D　根據(jù)“reunion”可知，此處是和以前的高中同學(xué)團(tuán)聚。former “以前的”。 13．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為兒子的工作一個(gè)高中輟學(xué)者都可以做，而他的同學(xué)們則成了醫(yī)生、律師和工程師，作者問(wèn)兒子能否應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況。handle“應(yīng)付，處理”。 14．A　作者的兒子很堅(jiān)定地回答，沒(méi)有絲毫猶豫，與語(yǔ)境“Yes，Dad，”呼應(yīng)。 15．B　根據(jù)上文可知，兒子的話讓作者沉默了。 16．C　根據(jù)上文的“I have written a poem called Flying Kites”可知，作者想起了自己寫(xiě)的那首詩(shī)。 17．B　根據(jù)上文的“Will I release the string as unselfishly us that”可知，此處表示要放開(kāi)風(fēng)箏上的線。 18．A　根據(jù)空后的“make his own choices”可推知，兒子已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大，可以自己做決定了。 19．D　根據(jù)上文的“Today Gary has a successful career working for the city”可推知，父親看到兒子的成功，自然是為之自豪。 20．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。since“因?yàn)?，既然”? 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．I was out of the breath after running 1,600 metres. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　out of breath “上氣不接下氣”。 2．You dont want to be made fun and neither do others. ______________________________________________________ 答案：fun后加of　make fun of “取笑”。 3．The scientist as well as his assistants were doing an experiment in the lab then. ______________________________________________________ 答案：were→was　當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由as well as構(gòu)成的詞組時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 4．English is so difficult for him to learn. ______________________________________________________ 答案：so→too　too＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋to do ... “(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))太……而不能……”。 5．We offer our congratulation to you on your winning the prize. ______________________________________________________ 答案：congratulation→congratulations　congratulation“祝賀”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 五、七選五 Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable.Every society also has its taboos, or types of behavior that are considered a violation of good manners. The word taboo es from the Tongan language and is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden or to be avoided. 1. They tend to be specific to a culture or country, and usually form around a group’s values and beliefs.What is considered acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another. Verbal taboos usually involve topics that people believe are too private to talk about publicly, or relate to one’s manner of speaking.In many cultures, for example, it is considered bad manners to discuss subjects such as sex or religion in public.In some countries, too much volume of one’s voice may annoy people.2. 3． For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact.In the U．S., people make eye contact when they talk to others. 4. In many Asian and African cultures, however, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect. Certain gestures made with the hands can have very different meanings depending on the country you are in.Crossing your middle finger over your forefinger is the sign for good luck in many Western countries. 5. Also, in some Asian countries, moving your hands a lot while talking, or “talking with your hands”， is considered unsuitable. Behavior that is acceptable and nonoffensive in one culture can be highly offensive in another.When visiting a foreign country, be aware of some of the basic differences, as this will help to ensure a more enjoyable trip. A．Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. B．In Vietnam and Argentina, however, it is a rude gesture. C．In spite of what some people may think, taboos are not universal. D．Cancer is a taboo subject and people are frightened to talk openly about it. E．Learn a country’s customs so that you don’t hurt the local people unconsciously. F．They might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressive. G．If a person avoids eye contact, others might think they are being dishonest or unconfident. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了不同國(guó)家習(xí)俗方面的禁忌，以及肢體語(yǔ)言、手勢(shì)語(yǔ)的不同運(yùn)用。 1．C　解析：上句是對(duì)taboo的定義，下句講它們通常是一個(gè)國(guó)家或一種文化所特有的，通常是圍繞著一個(gè)團(tuán)體的價(jià)值觀和信仰而形成的。由此可以推斷，C項(xiàng)(盡管一些人可能這樣認(rèn)為，但禁忌不是通用的)符合語(yǔ)境，起到承上啟下的作用。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．F　解析：本段主要講一些人對(duì)禁忌的看法，比如一些私人問(wèn)題不能在公共場(chǎng)合談?wù)摰取８鶕?jù)設(shè)空前一句中的too much volume of one’s voice may annoy people可知，在一些國(guó)家，說(shuō)話聲音太大會(huì)惹惱別人，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(他們可能認(rèn)為大聲說(shuō)笑是粗魯?shù)幕虺錆M(mǎn)挑釁的)正好是對(duì)上一句的解釋。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空后一句中的eye contact可知，本段主要講眼神接觸在不同文化中有不同的要求，屬于肢體語(yǔ)言。故A項(xiàng)(非語(yǔ)言禁忌通常和肢體語(yǔ)言有關(guān))符合語(yǔ)境。 4．G　解析：本段講的是眼神接觸的作用，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞eye contact可知，G項(xiàng)與該段主題一致，故選G項(xiàng)。 5．B　解析：本段介紹手勢(shì)語(yǔ)在不同國(guó)家的含義。上一句介紹了把中指和食指交疊起來(lái)，在很多西方國(guó)家意味著好運(yùn)。下文應(yīng)該介紹其他國(guó)家對(duì)此不同的理解，B項(xiàng)(然而在越南和阿根廷，這是一個(gè)粗魯?shù)氖謩?shì))符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。