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附錄2　五年高考閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句式50例 準(zhǔn)確理解長(zhǎng)難句是考生應(yīng)該掌握的一項(xiàng)閱讀技能。遇到長(zhǎng)難句,我們先圈出連詞,然后分析主句以及分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu),先判斷句子的主干部分(主謂賓,或主系表),而句子的修飾、補(bǔ)充成分,可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后,再理解修飾、補(bǔ)充成分。 以下是五年高考全國(guó)卷中出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句,如果這些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)你都能理清,這些句子的意思你都能理解,高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解就不再難了。 1.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇)Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. 句意:不管是早晨還是下午,對(duì)于那些盼望用最小的努力而又最健康的方式體驗(yàn)一下華盛頓特區(qū)的新來(lái)者和當(dāng)?shù)厝藖?lái)說(shuō),這是一次完美的自行車旅行。 分析:Morning or Afternoon相當(dāng)于whether it is morning or afternoon的省略句,是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。looking to experience...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的newers and locals. 2.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,B篇)Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 句意:“早上好,英國(guó)”,這檔節(jié)目中蘇珊娜里德習(xí)慣于每天早上在沙發(fā)上盤問(wèn)客人,但是,她最近扮演的角色卻在醞釀一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴——向家庭展示如何在預(yù)算緊張的情況下做出美味、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的飯菜。 分析:該句是并列復(fù)合句,由并列連詞but連接而成。第二個(gè)分句中的破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面分句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。句中的用詞grill和cook up是緊扣本文的語(yǔ)境而有意選用的。 3.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,C篇)In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal pulsory education,especially globalisation and better munications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 句意:近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),由于過(guò)去的幾十年里貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、單一民族國(guó)家的發(fā)展和義務(wù)教育的普及,尤其是全球一體化和更好的通信方式,這一切都導(dǎo)致了許多語(yǔ)言的消失。而且被英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)等主流語(yǔ)言不斷地取代。 分析:該句是并列復(fù)合句,由并列連詞and連接而成。第1個(gè)分句中的trade,industrialisation,development of...,the spread of...,globalisation和better munications是6個(gè)并列的名詞,作主語(yǔ)all的同位語(yǔ)。 4.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,C篇)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers. 句意:一般的規(guī)律是,溫和地帶的通常為許多人所使用的語(yǔ)言相對(duì)較少;而在炎熱、潮濕的地區(qū),語(yǔ)言種類多,通常為少數(shù)人所使用。 分析:該句是主從復(fù)合句。連接詞that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句本身是一個(gè)并列句,由并列連詞while連接而成,表示對(duì)比,意為“然而”。兩個(gè)spoken...是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),作后置定語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 5.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇)The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 句意:這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的數(shù)據(jù)僅僅更新到2007年,但研究者探索了如果消費(fèi)者使用多功能新電子設(shè)備比如一個(gè)既能進(jìn)行文本處理又能觀看電視的平板去替換舊設(shè)備時(shí),會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況呢? 分析:該句是并列復(fù)合句。由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接而成。what would happen...TV viewing是賓語(yǔ)從句。if...TV viewing是這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。that serve more than one function是定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞new electronics。 6.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ,七選五)Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 句意:不管你是在尋找壁紙還是漆料,所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間、付出的努力和相關(guān)的費(fèi)用都是至關(guān)重要的。 分析:該句是主從復(fù)合句。Whether...or...是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“無(wú)論……還是……”。put into it是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),作后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的the time,effort和expense,與它們是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 7.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ,A篇)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. 句意:周四,我們短途旅行去巴黎,游覽巴黎迪斯尼樂(lè)園,晚些時(shí)候我們觀看游行和煙花。 分析:該句是主從復(fù)合句。where we will visit Disneyland Paris park是定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞Paris。staying...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。to see...是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 8.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ,C篇) While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. 句意:雖然在過(guò)去的十年里,青少年讀者的數(shù)量急劇下降,但是,報(bào)告中的一些數(shù)據(jù)表明,閱讀仍然是許多孩子生活中的一個(gè)重要部分,并表明父母如何能幫助鼓勵(lì)孩子閱讀更多的書。 分析:該句是主從復(fù)合句。While...for teen reader是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,由連接詞While引導(dǎo)。主句中有兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞shows和indicates,后面分別跟了兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句that...和how...。 9.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ,D篇)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. 句意:我們很容易認(rèn)為閑談不重要而不考慮它,但是,我們不能忘記,如果沒(méi)有閑談的話,深厚的關(guān)系甚至就不會(huì)存在。 分析:該句是并列復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)分句中,Dismissing...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)分句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的主觀假設(shè)。if it weren’t for casual conversation是非真實(shí)條件句。 10.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ,C篇)While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. 句意:雖然著名的外國(guó)建筑師們被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中國(guó)標(biāo)志性建筑物的建設(shè),比如新中央電視塔和國(guó)家大劇院,但是也有許多杰出的中國(guó)建筑師正在努力成為焦點(diǎn)。 分析:該句是主從復(fù)合句。While...the Performing Arts是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“雖然……但是……”。such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts是舉例說(shuō)明。 11.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇)It’s an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations. 句意:這是一個(gè)驚人的成就,一個(gè)沒(méi)有來(lái)自個(gè)人、公司和其他社會(huì)組織的慷慨的支持我們就不可能取得的成就。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句。其中,one指代前面的acplishment,后面為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞one,且從句使用了cannot和without表示雙重否定。 12.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. 句意:接著把管子放在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句。主句lay the tube in place為祈使句。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句是and連接的并列句。 13.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ,七選五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily. 句意:如果三年前有人告訴我會(huì)用大部分的周末時(shí)間來(lái)野營(yíng),我會(huì)狂笑不已。 分析:該句為主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,因表示對(duì)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),所以本句中的條件句使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。此外從句中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 14.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,A篇)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s edy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. 句意:通過(guò)把《愛(ài)的徒勞》那豐富、幽默的文本翻譯成手語(yǔ),Deafinitely 劇院創(chuàng)造了一種對(duì)莎士比亞喜劇新的解釋,通過(guò)向失聰人群和聽(tīng)力健全人群演出,旨在在失聰和有聲世界之間搭建一座橋梁。 分析:在本句中,By translating...BSL為方式狀語(yǔ),and連接creates和aims兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞作并列謂語(yǔ)。 15.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,B篇)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 句意:拍電影和四年后出演The Sting的經(jīng)歷所建立起來(lái)的友誼源于一個(gè)事實(shí):盡管我們存在年齡差距,但我們都源自戲劇和直播電視的傳統(tǒng)。 分析:句子的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact...。其中,grew out of...later為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞friendship。后面的although there was...live TV為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明fact的內(nèi)容。此外,同位語(yǔ)從句中還包含了一個(gè)although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 16.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,B篇)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 句意:我們有著這樣的信念——如果足夠幸運(yùn)獲得成功,就應(yīng)該有所回饋。他成立了 Newman’s Own食品公司和為病重的孩子成立了Hole in the Wall夏令營(yíng),而我成立了圣丹斯協(xié)會(huì)和電影節(jié)。 分析:本句中,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明belief的內(nèi)容;同位語(yǔ)從句中包含了一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;破折號(hào)后出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞kids。 17.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,C篇)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and plete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 句意:Terrafugia公司說(shuō)機(jī)主需要通過(guò)測(cè)試并且完成20個(gè)小時(shí)的飛行時(shí)間才能駕駛 Transition,這一要求對(duì)于飛行員來(lái)說(shuō)相對(duì)容易達(dá)到。 分析:本句中 a requirement 為同位語(yǔ),是對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定語(yǔ)從句,省略了充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that/which,修飾先行詞requirement。 18.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,D篇)Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. 句意:早在1983年,杰克舒爾茨和伊恩鮑德溫兩個(gè)科學(xué)家報(bào)道說(shuō)被昆蟲(chóng)咬的年輕楓樹(shù)會(huì)釋放一種鄰近的植物能夠獲得的特殊氣味。 分析:本句中第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作reported的賓語(yǔ),從句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞smell。getting bitten by insects為動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作后置定語(yǔ),修飾maple trees。 19.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ,七選五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed. 句意為:如果有人敲門,并且不是什么重要的事情,那就禮貌地謝絕,讓別人知道你很忙,這樣他們就會(huì)得到暗示,當(dāng)門關(guān)著的時(shí)候,你不想被打擾。 分析:該句為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。在主句中,you’re busy是know的賓語(yǔ)從句。so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明hint的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句又包含了一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,因此句子的主句為you’re not to be disturbed。 20.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ,B篇)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm,which plans to build a shopping plex on the land where the theater is located. 句意:布拉德福德把建筑物和土地賣給了一家當(dāng)?shù)氐拈_(kāi)發(fā)商,這家開(kāi)發(fā)商打算在電影院所在的土地上建一個(gè)購(gòu)物中心。 分析:本句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞a local development firm;此外,定語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 21.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ,D篇)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 句意:紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的智能運(yùn)輸團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)把電動(dòng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)變成名叫“DriveLAB”的移動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,目的是了解老年人司機(jī)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題所在。 分析:本句中,句子的主干為The Intelligent Transport team at...have turned...“DriveLAB”。in order to作目的狀語(yǔ)。faced by...為過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 22.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ,D篇)For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 句意:對(duì)于很多老年人來(lái)說(shuō),特別是那些獨(dú)居或在鄉(xiāng)村的老年人,駕駛對(duì)于保持他們(老年人)的獨(dú)立性是非常重要的,讓他們可以自由出行,而不必依賴他人。 分析:本句的主干是driving is...independence。giving them...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。 23.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ,D篇)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them being more isolated(隔絕) and inactive. 句意:研究表明,放棄開(kāi)車是導(dǎo)致老年人健康和幸福狀況下降的主要原因之一,使他們變得更加孤立和懶散。 分析:that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句中g(shù)iving up driving為動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。leading to...動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 24.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ,B篇)His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. 句意:他的出現(xiàn)意味著課堂上我有一個(gè)意料之外的教學(xué)助手,他的創(chuàng)造力會(huì)感染其他學(xué)生。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,作meant的賓語(yǔ);在賓語(yǔ)從句中包含了由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。 25.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ,C篇) Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. 句意:然后,大家可以把它(書)留在一個(gè)公共場(chǎng)合,希望這本書經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)冒險(xiǎn),隨著每個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)它的新讀者來(lái)一場(chǎng)遙遠(yuǎn)廣闊的旅行。 分析:Then the person leaves it in a public place為句子的主干。hoping that...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)traveling...作伴隨狀語(yǔ);此外,在后一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)中還包含了一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞reader。 26.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ,D篇)Shackleton,a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908,started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. 句意:沙克爾頓曾經(jīng)是英國(guó)商船官員,在1908年到達(dá)過(guò)距離南極點(diǎn)不足100英里的地方,他在1914年航海前開(kāi)始做生意,從電影和攝影中賺錢。 分析:Shackleton started a business.為句子主干。a onetime British merchant-navy officer為Shackleton的同位語(yǔ),同時(shí)作定語(yǔ)從句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行詞。before his 1914 voyage 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。to make...為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 27.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ,D篇) Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images,most of which have never before been published.. 句意:弗蘭克赫爾利是一位自信又有天賦的,對(duì)南極洲有了解的澳大利亞攝影師,他被雇傭去拍照,其中大部分圖片以前從未被發(fā)表過(guò)。 分析:Frank Hurley was hired...為句子主干,a confident and gifted Australian photographer為Frank Hurley的同位語(yǔ),同時(shí)作定語(yǔ)從句who knew the Antarctic的先行詞,to make...為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ),此外,還有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞images。 28.(2016全國(guó)Ⅱ,七選五)It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 句意:首先要了解你自己,了解你在自然界中是誰(shuí),以及你是如何處理園藝工作流程的。(with respect to“就……而言,關(guān)于”) 分析:It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding為句子主干,在understanding后有who和how引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。 29.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today. 句意:如果不是雷切爾卡森的話,今天的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)就可能不會(huì)存在。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句。主句為the environmental movement might not exist today,if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。注意本句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。 30.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,B篇)Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes. 句意:經(jīng)過(guò)一年友好的協(xié)商之后,加爾薩女士才最終同意。 分析:該句為倒裝句,當(dāng)only+狀語(yǔ)位于句首,引起部分倒裝時(shí),句子可還原為“Ms.Garza finally say yes only after a year of friendly discussion”。 31.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,B篇)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. 句意:幾乎每個(gè)祖父母都想和自己的孫子或?qū)O女住在一起并愿意做出犧牲,但有時(shí)拒絕,取而代之以經(jīng)常探訪更為明智。 分析:本句是由but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句,前一個(gè)分句and并列兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示順承關(guān)系,后一個(gè)分句中it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式。 32.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,C篇) For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. 句意:對(duì)于這個(gè)遞送的工作,你意識(shí)到在那個(gè)箱子里放的很可能是挽救別人生命的東西。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句,前一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞something。 33.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇)Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they e across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. 句意:當(dāng)護(hù)士和其他看護(hù)者遇到的病人可能經(jīng)歷個(gè)人焦慮時(shí),他們需要知道沉默的各種可能的含義。 分析:本句的主干為Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,their patients may be experiencing為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞anxiety。 34.(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇)Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. 句意:因此,當(dāng)一個(gè)來(lái)自其中某個(gè)文化群體的人在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候突然停住時(shí),可能是在暗示他在繼續(xù)(講下去)之前希望聽(tīng)眾能思考一下剛才所講的內(nèi)容。 分析:本句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;what may be implied為主語(yǔ)從句,that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在表語(yǔ)從句中,包含了一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,作consider的賓語(yǔ)。 35.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ,C篇) To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 句意:對(duì)于那些習(xí)慣于在超市里選擇像黃金美味和皇家嘎啦這種有限的蘋果的人來(lái)說(shuō),看到仍舊存留的傳統(tǒng)蘋果是很長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)的,比如羅馬人種植的迪西奧。 分析:本句的主句是it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,其中it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式;此外,To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets為狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)中包含了who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞people。本句最后還有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Decio。 36.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ,D篇) Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny,or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,but not articles that left them merely sad. 句意:讀者們也喜歡分享讓他們感到興奮或有趣的文章,或者是引發(fā)憤怒或焦慮的消極感受的文章,而不是僅僅讓他們感到悲傷的文章。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句,三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)articles進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。 37.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ,七選五) When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. 句意:當(dāng)你買了一條魚(yú)回家后,如果不立即烹飪,你最好把魚(yú)放在冰箱里保存,但新鮮的魚(yú)只能在冰箱保存一到兩天。 分析:該句為復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句中還包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 38.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ,B篇)Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. 句意:眼前的西紅柿令我欣喜不已,當(dāng)我聽(tīng)說(shuō)布朗的格魯夫農(nóng)場(chǎng)是杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳的供應(yīng)商之一時(shí),我更加高興了。杰克達(dá)斯蒂餐廳是薩拉索塔麗思卡爾頓酒店新開(kāi)張的一家餐廳——我感到很幸運(yùn)——那天晚上我計(jì)劃去那吃晚飯。 分析:as引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,從句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表語(yǔ)前置。when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞restaurant。 39.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ,C篇)The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more. 句意:巴黎的蓬皮社藝術(shù)中心正在展出200多幅油畫、雕塑和素描等作品,以此表達(dá)對(duì)這位藝術(shù)家及其偉大人格的尊敬和欽佩。 分析:The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration...為句子的主干,bringing together...是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾an exhibition。 40.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ,D篇) If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak. 句意:如果人生不是一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),人們也不會(huì)需要一個(gè)專門的地方來(lái)說(shuō)話。 分析:本句If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句中的just to speak作定語(yǔ)修飾place。 41.(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ,七選五) But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. 句意:但是,如果一段關(guān)系中缺乏信任,而且這是由犯錯(cuò)者不為錯(cuò)誤負(fù)責(zé)所導(dǎo)致的,那么你也不能成功。 分析:本句中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞a lack of trust。此外,句中還包含一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞action。 42.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ,B篇)Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(難為情) when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. 句意:黑暗的環(huán)境更容易鼓勵(lì)過(guò)量飲食,因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)跓艄饣璋档牡胤胶苌贂?huì)難為情—— 所以更可能吃大量的食物。 分析:本句中for引導(dǎo)表示原因的分句,分句中l(wèi)ess self-conscious和后面的so more likely to eat lots of food是并列表語(yǔ),分句中還有一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 43.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ,C篇)The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. 句意:間隔年現(xiàn)象起源于牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)申請(qǐng)?jiān)?1月份入學(xué)考試至下一學(xué)年開(kāi)始前空出的那幾個(gè)月時(shí)間。 分析:本句中,句子主干是The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months。left over to Oxbridge applicants是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),between...and...是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾的都是the months。 44.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ,七選五)No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. 句意:沒(méi)人能說(shuō)哪個(gè)品牌最適合你或你穿哪一雙鞋腳最舒服,因此當(dāng)你在買鞋時(shí),你不得不根據(jù)你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對(duì)每一雙鞋的感覺(jué)。 分析:本句是由so連接的兩個(gè)并列句。which引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,作say的賓語(yǔ)。as you shop是由as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 45.(2014全國(guó)Ⅰ,A篇)The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. 句意:這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)賽邀請(qǐng)甚至鼓勵(lì)5到14歲的在校生創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品或?qū)懸黄恼?這樣既展示了他們的好奇心,又展示了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)是如何鼓舞他們?nèi)ヌ剿魇澜绲摹? 分析:that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在定語(yǔ)從句中,their curiosity和how引導(dǎo)的從句并列作show的賓語(yǔ)。 46.(2014全國(guó)Ⅰ,B篇)It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. 句意:據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),當(dāng)旅鴿數(shù)量達(dá)到最多時(shí),曾超過(guò)了30億只,這個(gè)數(shù)量相當(dāng)于美國(guó)鳥(niǎo)類總數(shù)的24%—40%,這使旅鴿成為世界上數(shù)量最為龐大的鳥(niǎo)類。 分析:本句為 “It be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。3 billion passenger pigeons和 a number equal...是同位關(guān)系。此外,還有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)“making...”作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 47.(2014全國(guó)Ⅰ,C篇) This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. 句意:這讓我陷入無(wú)休止的煩惱之中,因?yàn)楫?dāng)所有的專家們都在忙著辯論哪個(gè)選擇最好時(shí),那些想改善自己生活的人們卻被所有這些矛盾的信息弄得困惑不堪。 分析:本句中because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中while引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。此外,which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,作about的賓語(yǔ)。who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞people。 48.(2014全國(guó)Ⅰ,七選五)By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 句意:不管未來(lái)如何變化,幫助他們培養(yǎng)經(jīng)典的技能會(huì)對(duì)他們大有幫助。 分析:that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞skills;從句中還含有一個(gè)no matter what引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 49.(2014全國(guó)Ⅱ,A篇) He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. 句意:他向警方報(bào)了案,然后失落孤獨(dú)地坐在一個(gè)陌生的城市里,想著要在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家把所有的材料重新整理是多么的麻煩,而同時(shí)他還要試著在一個(gè)新的國(guó)家安頓下來(lái)。 分析:句子的主干是He reported the case to the police and then sat there。lost and lonely in a strange city在此處為形容詞短語(yǔ),作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),用來(lái)補(bǔ)充形容主語(yǔ)he當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。thinking of...為動(dòng)詞的-ing形式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),在現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)中,organized為過(guò)去分詞作get的賓補(bǔ),from a distant country為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。此外,while trying to settle down in a new one為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 50.(2014全國(guó)Ⅱ,七選五)The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat. 句意:當(dāng)我已經(jīng)餓了卻沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好可以吃的東西的時(shí)候,我認(rèn)為做飯是一種痛苦。 分析:第一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞moment。“cooking...”為賓語(yǔ)從句,作think的賓語(yǔ)。后面的when引導(dǎo)的從句由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句構(gòu)成,作句子的表語(yǔ)。