《查泰萊夫人的情人》中勞倫斯的人性觀

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1、 《查泰萊夫人的情人》中勞倫斯的人性觀 Lawrences View on Humanity in Lady Chatterley’s Lover Abstract: This thesis is about Lawrence’s view on humanity in his most controversial novel Lady Chatterley’s Lover. Once this novel was considered as pornography because Law

2、rence’s frank treatment of sex and the description of the relationship between the sexes. The paper is to prove his view on humanity in his novel from three aspects: an analysis of the setting of the novel; an analysis of the characters; and an analysis of the male and female relationship. Through L

3、ady Chatterley’s Lover, Lawrence criticized the society which was twisted by the industrial civilization and he recalled the humanity in that society. Key words: Lady Chatterley’s Lover; industrial civilization; humanity; sex 摘　要：本論文通過勞倫斯最具爭議的小說《查泰萊夫人的情人》來分析勞倫斯的人性觀。因勞倫斯開誠布公的談論性愛以及對兩性關系的描寫，

4、此小說曾被視為色情書刊。本論文從以下三個方面來證明勞倫斯的人性觀：對小說中的環(huán)境進行分析;對人物角色的分析;以及對小說中的兩性關系進行分析。論文通過這三方面表達勞倫斯對被工業(yè)文明扭曲的社會的看法。他通過對《查泰萊夫人的情人》來呼喚人性的回歸。 關鍵詞：《查泰萊夫人的情人》；工業(yè)文明；人性；性 Contents I. Introduction………………………………………………………...1 A. Hi

5、storical background……………………………………………..1 B. Lawrence and his works…………….……………………………...1 II. Different Views about Lady Chatterley’s Lover……………….......2 A. Views abroad………………………………………………………….…2 B. Views in China………………………………………………………. 3 III. Themes of Lady Chatterley’s Lover and Lawrence’s View on

6、 Humanity…………………………………………………………..3 A. An analysis of the setting of the novel…………………………….…...4 1. The setting of the Wragby……………………………………....…..4 2. The setting of the wood…………………………………………..….5 B. An analysis of the characters of the novel………………………..…....6 1. Clifford……………...…………………………………….….

7、.....6 2. Connie …………………………………………………..…..7 3. Mellors………………..……………………………….……8 C. An analysis of the male and female relationship in the novel……...…...10 1. The relationship between Connie and Michaelis………………........…10 2. The relationship between Connie and Mellors………………….……...11 IV. Conclusio

8、n…………………………………………..……......12 Works Cited………………………………………………...……...….13 2010年畢業(yè)論文 Lawrence’s view on humanity in Lady Chatterley’s Lover I. Introduction A．Historical Background The First World War was a great turning point in the western history. Th

9、e war left many with the sorrowful feeling that Western civilization had lost its vitality and was caught in a rhythm of breaking down and disintegration. During the transition from 19th to 20th century, many great changes took place in England as well. England presented a kind of distorted situatio

10、n. After the First World War and the development of economy, widespread demand for social reform became very popular, especially in industry. This industrial society made everything mechanized. The relationships among people became indifferent and cold. Machines were here and there. Those factors in

11、fluenced literature. Many excellent novelists began to write industrial novels, such as James Thomson Night, Thomas Hardy and D. H. Lawrence. At that time, the old agricultural England lived in an uneasy truce with the early phase of advancing industrialization. Lawrence, together with other young i

12、ntellectuals, intensely dissatisfied with the decaying spirit of England and the collapse of the traditional values of European civilization. He saw the increasing decadence and corruption of civilization and was aware of the very danger of the extinction of the humanity. B. Introduction to Law

13、rence and his works David Herbert Lawrence was a distinguished novelist and reviewer in England in the early 20th century. During his life time, he was a controversial figure because of his frank treatment of sex and his outspoken for the relationship between the sexes. He wrote many famous works

14、such as Sons and lovers, Women in Love, The Rainbow, and the most controversial work — Lady Chatterleys Lover. In England, some magazine considered Lady Chatterleys Lover as “The sign of evil” or pornography. However, after many years, Lawrence and his works were known gradually, and his views on s

15、ocial problems were accepted. Some people thought Lady Chatterleys Lover was not just a novel which described sex only, but a great work which expressed a kind of attitude toward the society. In 1920s, England was under the way of being industrialized. The development of industry destroyed the human

16、ity. Lawrence expressed his views about this kind of condition in this novel. He recalled the humanity by a natural way — sex. II. Different Views on Lady Chatterleys Lover No matter in the western world or in China, there are many researches on Lawrences works, especially his work Lady Chatt

17、erleys Lover. In this novel, the description of sex evokes much controversy. A. Views Abroad In 1929, the author Lawrence evaluated his book Lady Chatterleys Lover, “...you know this book was not immoral actually. I am always devoting myself to getting a goal that making sex relation become reas

18、onable and valuable, not ashamed. In this novel, I am the people who walk farthest. For me, it likes a naked myself: beautiful, tender and delicate”(Zhu Bo 515). Latter, many famous people made comments on this novel, Zhu Bo (6) quoted the comment of a famous reviewer named Walter Alam on the novel

19、 “On one hand, this novel is an attack for the evil side of industry society and industrialization in Lawrence’s opinion; On the other hand, just as I said, they related with each other — it is a serious discussion about the sex relation. Lawrence considered those two things as a thing which has two

20、 aspects”. Some people thought that Lawrences Lady Chatterleys Lover described a new marriage conception between man and woman. Richard Hugo once said, “This book dued with a kind of difficult and distressed plight for human beings. As we all know it exists this kind of plight: A marriage straying

21、into a wrong path, and a marriage was wrong from the very beginning. Lawrence did not say that they got along well with each other, so it denied the problem: That is the point .In fact, the essence of Lawrences discussion is the real matrimony between people and people”(Wu 323). A professor of Lond

22、on University, Frances Gamia once evaluated Lady Chatterleys Lover, he said, “As far as I know this is the only one book that dued with sex relation with solemn attitude. For the most of young people who are interested in this issue, it can bring a kind of sincere and serious attitude toward sex to

23、them”(Han 312). Literatures are an artistic means for writers to express their observations of and views on the world. D.H. Lawrence is a gifted writer whose works show the true features of human life — the instinctual desire, and describe vividly all human feelings and experiences, such as their s

24、truggles, pains, crises and enjoyment. Lawrence finds out the decisive effect of healthy, nature love psychology upon the life integrity and personality soundness of a person. In Derek Britton’s book Lady Chatterley, The making of the Novel, Anais Nin said: “What makes Lady Chatterleys Lover so rema

25、rkably complete as a love story is that there are consistently double pains of view, and every moment of the relationship reveals the woman’s feeling as well as the man’s, and the woman’s with the most delicate and subtle acuteness” (Britton 192). B. Views in China In China, as early as 1930s, m

26、any scholars introduced and translated this novel into China. Among them, a famous Chinese writer and scholar Lin Yutang and Yu Dafu were most representative. The article “On Lawrence’s novel Lady Chatterleys Lover” by Yu Dafu in 1934 praised Lawrence’s exquisite psychological description under th

27、e social and natural background (Sun 199). Some writers would like to compare Lady Chatterleys Lover to the Chinese novel The Plum, Lin Yutang said, "The Plum described the sexual intercourse just as sexual intercourse; On the contrary, Lawrence described it to analyze the soul of the people. For

28、Lawrence, sex is healthy, and nice, not guilty and ashamed. This is an adult’s common behavior, feeling ashamed is guilty, actually” (Sun 120). Someone thought that “Lady Chatterleys Lover gives a mainly female-centered description of the natural, beautiful, reasonable and sacred sex, highlights th

29、e vitality of the unified soul and flesh, and life and passion ,and thus reflects the authors humanist spirit in his conception of sex and aestheticism tendency in his description of sex”(Huang 150). Zhu Weihong(96) thought that from the Lady Chatterleys Lover, Lawrence worshiped the male’s body. O

30、n one hand, Lawrence was eager to be healthy and strong because all his life he was very weak; on the other hand, he had his special view on sex relationship between man and woman. III. Themes of Lady Chatterley’s Lover and Lawrence’s View on Humanity After the World War I, Heroine Connie and

31、her paralyzed husband Clifford return to their house Wragby in the midland of England. There the lifeless living pushes her to the arms of the gamekeeper in the woods, and both of them get renewed life through sexual regeneration. Lawrence thinks that nature endows man with the nature attribute and

32、nature is the circumstance of man’s activities. But what is more important is that nature has a magic power to awaken man’s instinct. Lawrence preaches a philosophy against modern life-style. The modern life, as he saw it, is too self-conscious and lack tenderness and feeling. The modern industriali

33、zation and mechanical civilization suppress man’s instinct and make people unhappy. Lawrence expresses his view on humanity in this novel by depicting the different settings and characters vividly and also the different relationships between the three main characters. A. An analysis of the settin

34、g of the novel In the novel, there are two opposed world, they are the garden Wragby and the wood. 1. The setting of the Wragby Wragby was a long low old house in brown stone, begun about the middle of the eighteenth century, and added on to, till it was a warren of a place without much distinc

35、tion. It stood on an eminence in a rather fine old park of oak trees, but alas, one could see in the near distance the chimney of Tevershall pit, with its clouds of steam and smoke, and on the damp hazy distance of the hill the raw straggle of Tevershall village, a village which began almost at the

36、park gates, and trailed in utter hopeless ugliness for a long and gruesome mile: houses, rows of wretched, small, begrimed, brick houses, with black slate roofs for lids, sharp angles and willful, blank dreariness.(Lawrence 13) Wragby is an old house, without much distinction, it is just like its o

37、wner —Clifford, dreary and dull. Wragby is separated from human life. The life in Wragby is lifeless and mechanical order. In this kind of environment, Connie feels depressed, when she goes into the wood, she feels that she “got into the current of her own proper destiny”(Lawrence 65).Connie hates W

38、ragby because in this place “no warmth of feeling unites it organically”(Lawrence 16).The house in which Connie lives is the hell itself. Lawrence wants to express that the human beings should escape from this kind of place which is lifeless, mechanical and cold. 2. The setting of the wood Opp

39、osed to the life style in Wragby house, the woods, gives Connie another new and fresh lifestyle with vitality. Through Lawrence’s vivid description, the wood is full of serenity as a retreat from the world in which power and money are the prime values. Disgusted with Clifford and his modern, industr

40、ial world, Connie turns to Mellors. The wood was silent, still and secret in the evening drizzle of rain, full of the mystery of eggs and half-open buds, half-unsheathed flowers…How still everything was? The fine rain blew very softly, filmily, but the wind made no noise. Nothing made any sound. Th

41、e trees stood like powerful beings, dim, twilit, silent and alive. How alive everything was. (Lawrence 145) The wood, as the embodiment of the natural world, symbolizes the paradise of Eden of Connie and Mellors. The flowers and grass such as the primroses, the hyacinths and the forget-me-nots in t

42、he woods symbolize the harmonious relationship between man and the nature. Man, regarding as the child of the nature, is part of the nature like flowers and grass. In chapter 12, for example, as Connie goes into the woods to meet Mellors and walks by primroses that are “full of pale abandon” and “no

43、 longer shy”(Lawrence 195). She seems to be no longer shy. The woods help her feel regenerative and alive. In this novel, Lawrence uses many natural images carefully to indicate how new growth in the great nature parallels the new emotional growth in Connie. All living things in the nature for Lawre

44、nce keep a close and active relationship with other things. In chapter 10 of the novel, Connie is described as having a tenderness in her like that of growing hyacinths, and the trees in the woods glisten “naked and dark as if they had unclothed themselves,”(Lawrence 145). as Connie and Mellors will

45、, after walking through a wall of prickly trees, uncloth themselves. Mellors represents a new kind of life which is isolated from the society but which is in obvious harmony with the natural environment. It is his duty as a gamekeeper to ensure the right balance in the wood that at the same time

46、 is his refuge from the outer world in which he has suffered much, especially at the hands of women. The hut in the secret clearing is his beloved world, in which he has settled for the life of a muted interchange with woods, birds, and his dog. “His recoil away from the outer world was complete; hi

47、s last refuge was this wood; to hide himself there!”(Lawrence 92) He guards the oak wood, rears the pheasants and protects rabbits during their breeding season. That he is almost always surrounded by fresh plants and towering trees suggests his affinity with nature. Throughout the novel, we can see

48、 Connie and Mellors represent the beneficial qualities of the natural spirit. The lovers establish their connection with the substantial and vital world by seeking their love and happiness in that ancient wood, which is their only comfort and sanctuary, as they cannot see any personal solution to th

49、e futility and horror amidst in the modern society, they choose to retreat back into the wood, forgetting all the madness beyond the wood. B. An analysis of the characters of the novel 1. Clifford Sir Clifford is a selfish man and has arrogant tempers and characters of the British noble men of

50、that time. At the same time, he has also the callous heart, fetishistic and mechanical characters. He has the empty mind but terrible and very cool soul. He represents the civilization of the industry. After he marries his wife not for a long time, he is hurt in the war then becomes crippled and los

51、es the sexual ability. “He was not really downcast. He could wheel himself about in a wheeled chair, and he had a bath-chair with a small motor attachment, so he could drive himself slowly round the garden and into the fine melancholy park, of which he was really so proud, though the pretended to be

52、 flippant about it” (Lawrence 20). Clifford sits in a wheeled chair all day, he is almost a monster who is half human being and half machine. He could not live without his wheeled chair. He is indifferent to life and does not have a warm attachment with his wife Connie. He proposes that Connie ma

53、y have a child with perhaps some other man, as long as they could raise the child together at Wragby to finally let him carry on the family estate. It does not matter to have sexual relationship with anyone because Clifford thinks that they can maintain their marriage in other ways, such as the spir

54、itual intercourse. His view on this issue makes Connie astonished and scared. “…But you do agree with me, don’t you? The casual sex thing is nothing, compared to the long life lived together? Don’t you think one can just subordinate the sex thing to the necessities of a long life? Just use it, sinc

55、e that is what we are driven to? After all, do these temporary excitements matter? Isn’t the whole problem of life the slow building up of an integral personality, through the years? Living an integrated life? There is no point in a disintegrated life. If lack of sex is going to disintegrate you, th

56、en have a child if you possibly can. But only do these things so that you have an integrated life that makes a long harmonious thing.” (Lawrence 54) Clifford thought that he could fulfill his unfinished dreams under the help of the industry. It is purposeful for Lawrence to write about this, which

57、discloses not only the inner essence of the contradictions between art, industry and the life. But also shows us the fact that the spiritual life of Clifford is based on the infinite money. He can exert his cool will to deprive his workers from their time and energy, by which he can get enough money

58、 to fulfill his spiritual life. He is callous of human feelings and humanities. Clifford is the symbol of the industrialization which kills humanity and loses vitality. His disability in sex symbolizes the drying up of his life; he has strong upper body and sharp mind, which symbolizes the cruel g

59、overning of civilization over the mass; His cruel and mechanical characters and the desires for fame and profits are created by the evil industry. 2. Connie Connie is brought up in a free atmosphere, she is cosmopolitan and provincial. Her father and mother are all well-known people. She is pure a

60、nd lively. “His wife was a ruddy, country-looking girl with soft brown hair and sturdy body, and slow movements, full of unusual energy. She had big, wondering eyes, and a soft mild voice, and seemed just to have come from her native village” (Lawrence 3).We can see that Connie and his husband are t

61、otally different. Her husband is a cold and disabled man; however, she was young and full of energy. At the beginning, Connie is attracted by Clifford’s spiritual life, they are reading poems and discussing writing together, but day after day, Connie becomes wan and thin. Vaguely she knew herself t

62、hat she was going to be pieces in some way. Vaguely she knew she was out of connection: she had lost touch with the sustain and vital world. Only Clifford and his books, which did not exist…which had nothing in them! Void to void. Vaguely she knew. But it was like beating her head against a stone.(9

63、7) Clifford shows his indifference in sex after they get married and so Connie feels that it is the two hearts that are more important than sex. She feels pitiful for Clifford’s impotent and showed mercy to him after his loss of sexual ability. She often walks to the forest alone, she feels cold fo

64、r such a mechanical life with Clifford. She has her own love affairs with the young man, who is knowledgeable and has free thoughts but that was not mature. She feels disappointed of Michaelis, she could not find a man who loves her and is worthy of her love. So she decides to accept the feat and wa

65、nts nothing. The lifeless Wragby and the ugly collier’s villages are surrounded the diminishing oak forest. The wood is the only place that is not damaged and stained in her mind. It seems to her the only place to have a rest and it is her shelter. She always runs to the wood to keep from her family

66、 and all the people. She vaguely feels the meaning of the silence of the wood. When Connie takes off all her clothes, and looks at herself naked in the mirror, she feels disappointed, “it was as if it had not had enough sun and warmth”(Lawrence 93),she feels unfair for her to have grown older and older before she lives a real life. We could get it in her crying and her talks with Clifford the anger against all the men like Clifford, who knows well to cheat women and their fee