江蘇省徐州市高中英語 Unit2 Grammar課件 牛津譯林版必修4

( (模塊四模塊四 高一下學期高一下學期) )Grammar and usage 課件描述：課件描述： 通過對情態(tài)動詞的介紹來幫助通過對情態(tài)動詞的介紹來幫助學生學習掌握情態(tài)動詞。學生學習掌握情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞義，但是不完情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，有詞義，但是不完整，不能單獨做謂語，必須和不帶整，不能單獨做謂語，必須和不帶to的動詞不定式的動詞不定式連用。連用。abilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make suggestions make offers give advice 能力能力義務(wù)義務(wù),責任責任確定確定允許允許 提出提出請求請求 提出提出建議建議提供提供幫忙幫忙提出提出忠告忠告Modal verbs: general introduction(1)He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.(2)Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?abilityability can表示可能性時，指的是理論上的可能，它表示可能性時，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來表示某事實際發(fā)生的可能性或真實通常不用來表示某事實際發(fā)生的可能性或真實性。如：性。如： Accidents can happenAnybody can make mistakescan / be able tocan/be able toabilityability在過去時態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力在過去時態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事做成某事，我們要用，我們要用waswere able to而而不能用不能用could。如：。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final testIm sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently.obligationobligationought to/shouldought to與與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是可以互換，但是should談的是自己的主觀看法談的是自己的主觀看法, 用用于各種人稱。于各種人稱。 ought to則更多反映客觀情況，在則更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時使用。如：談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定時使用。如： We shouldought to help each other and learn from each other in our workYou shouldnt spend so much time playing. She is your mother, so you ought to support her Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to) .have to/mustobligationobligation must與與have to都可以表示都可以表示“必須必須”的意思，但的意思，但要注意以下兩點區(qū)別。要注意以下兩點區(qū)別。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時，而只有現(xiàn)在時，而have to有現(xiàn)在時、過去時有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如：和將來時。如： We must work hard, or well fail in the examination Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money 2) must表示主觀看法，表示主觀看法，have to則側(cè)重于客則側(cè)重于客觀需要。如：觀需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks obligationobligationhave to/mustShe might win a medal at the Olympics.She may be at home now.She could read and write at the age of 4.She should come to join us.She ought to/will/must help me whenever I am in trouble.certaintycertaintymight/may/could/should/ought to/will/must very uncertaintyalmost certaintycan / could / may / might could比比can 更委婉，更委婉，might比比may 更委婉更委婉 -Can I watch the Olympics ? -Yes, you can. No, you cant. - May I watch TV after finishing my homework? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not. permissionpermissioninformal / spokenformal / written - Will/Can/Could/Would you help me with my training? - Yes, I will/can/can/will.will/can/could/wouldmake requestsmake requestsinformal formal make suggestionsmake suggestions shall常用于第一，三人稱，表示征求對方意見。常用于第一，三人稱，表示征求對方意見。 -Shall we/I/he/she/they do some exercise this morning? -Yes. -Shall he come in? - Ok.make offersmake offers Ill wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Shall we carry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you?give advicegive advice You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.和其他時態(tài)的連用和其他時態(tài)的連用 The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished their homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.must have done 的反意疑問句的反意疑問句 You must have seen the film, havent you? You must have seen the film last week, didnt you? His parents must have beaten him, havent they? His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didnt they?shall可以用來征求對方意見。用于第一、三人稱?？梢杂脕碚髑髮Ψ揭庖?。用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱。諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱。如：如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening？ (征求意見征求意見) You shall go to the front at once(命令命令) Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon（允諾）（允諾） He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(決心決心) shall / willwill在肯定句中表示意愿或決心時，是可以用于條在肯定句中表示意愿或決心時，是可以用于條件狀語從句的。在疑問句中用于第二、三人稱表件狀語從句的。在疑問句中用于第二、三人稱表示意愿。如：示意愿。如： Will you go hiking with me in the mountain? Will he pay for me? If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice on how to learn English If you will come this way, the manager will meet you shall / willmustnt / neednt mustnt 解釋為解釋為“不準，不許不準，不許”，語氣強烈；，語氣強烈；neednt “不需要，沒必要不需要，沒必要”，語氣緩和。，語氣緩和。 You mustnt miss this football match. Its very important. You neednt watch the game if you dont want to. -Must we clean the classroom? -Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.need / dare作為情態(tài)動詞時，兩個詞常用于作為情態(tài)動詞時，兩個詞常用于疑問句和否疑問句和否定句定句。 -Need I help you? -Yes, please. You neednt telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.用作實義動詞時，可用于用作實義動詞時，可用于各種各種句式句式 We need to tell him the news. You dont need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didnt dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes.need / dareHave a try!1.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.willB2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.mayA3.-The room is so dirty._ we clean it? -Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoB4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.wouldC5.-I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look? -Yes, certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.ShouldB6.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveB7.-Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.mightD8.Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.willA9.-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _ be ready by by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.needB10.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.couldC11.When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.A.would B. should C. had better D. mightA12. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared sayD