廣東省佛山市中大附中三水實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)八年級英語上冊《動詞不定式》課件（2） 外研版

動詞不定式用法歸納 概說動詞不定式(to do)是初中英語課的一個重點(diǎn)，也是中考要考查的一個項(xiàng)目。動詞不定式屬于非謂語動詞的一種形式，很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常把它和謂語動詞混在一起，掌握起來有困難。下面我們對動詞不定式的用法做簡單歸納，幫助同學(xué)們記憶 動詞不定式的主要用法 一、動詞不定式在句子中不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、動詞不定式是由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成(有時可以不帶to)。動詞不定式的否定形式是“not+動詞不定式”(此時not不能再與助動詞連用)。三、動詞不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞等的功能，可在句中用做多種句子成分。 主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 賓補(bǔ) 配套練習(xí) 主語：常置于句末，而用主語：常置于句末，而用itit代替其做形式主語。代替其做形式主語。例：例：To go in for sportsTo go in for sports helps you stay fit. helps you stay fit. It helps you stay fit It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.to go in for sports. It is dangerous It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea to swim in the deep sea on your own. on your own.注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由注：此句式中不定式邏輯上的主語可由forfor或或ofof引出，引出， 邏輯主語由邏輯主語由ofof引出時，表語的形容詞為引出時，表語的形容詞為kindkind，nicenice， good good，politepolite，cleverclever，foolishfoolish，rightright，wrongwrong等等 表示性格品質(zhì)評價(jià)的形容詞。表示性格品質(zhì)評價(jià)的形容詞。 例：例：Its right of him Its right of him to refuse the invitationto refuse the invitation. . (him (him為邏輯主語為邏輯主語) ) 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作主語時，除了點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作主語時，除了直接作主語直接作主語外，外， 常放在：常放在： It is It is adjadj（形容詞）（形容詞）to do sthto do sth或或 It is It is n n（名詞）（名詞）to do sthto do sth句型中，句型中， it it僅作形式主語。僅作形式主語。 返回 動動 詞詞 賓賓 語語 此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記。例：例：would you like to see my photos?would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle Kevin planned to visit his uncle類似用法的詞還有：類似用法的詞還有： startstart，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decidedecide agree，love，like ，hate ，prefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a job.(itI found it very difficult to get a job.(it為形式賓語為形式賓語) )點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律： 這些動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動名詞，意思這些動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動名詞，意思 區(qū)別不大區(qū)別不大提示板：提示板：like doinglike doing指經(jīng)常性動作，而指經(jīng)常性動作，而like to dolike to do指一次性的動作。指一次性的動作。 I like swimming I like swimming，but I dont like to swim nowbut I dont like to swim now 我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。我喜歡游泳，但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 stopstop，forgetforget，rememberremember，go on go on ，trytry等詞或短語后面可以等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。接不定式。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。 提示板：提示板： 1 1）stop to do sthstop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sthstop doing sth：停止正在做的事。：停止正在做的事。 例句：例句： When the teacher came in When the teacher came in，the students stopped the students stopped talking talking；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們停止說話；當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時，學(xué)生們停止說話； when he came out when he came out，the students stopped to talkthe students stopped to talk 當(dāng)老師走出去時，學(xué)生們又開始說話。當(dāng)老師走出去時，學(xué)生們又開始說話。 2 2）思考：）思考：forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等詞或短語后面接等詞或短語后面接不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別？不定式和動名詞用法有何區(qū)別？ 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：在點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：在findfindfeelfeelit itadjadjto do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it是是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如：形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text I feel it easy to recite the text 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語，點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語， 又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區(qū)別可以通過造 句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁的句子加以區(qū)分，如上頁的stopstop例句。例句。 返回表表 語語放在連系動詞放在連系動詞bebe后面后面 例句：例句：His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the enviroment Our duty is to protect the enviroment. . The first important thing is to save theThe first important thing is to save the soldierslives soldierslives 當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搶救戰(zhàn)士們的生命。 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。動詞前面的名詞進(jìn)行詮釋說明。 返回 定定 語語 動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞 、代詞的后面。、代詞的后面。例：例： He is the first person to sail around the world. He is the first person to sail around the world. I have a lot of work to do I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞、點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞、 代詞之后。代詞之后。 提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系， 且動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如：且動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉后面的介詞。如： I have a small bedroom to live I have a small bedroom to live inin Have you got some pens to write Have you got some pens to write withwith？ 返回 作 狀 語 a a目的狀語：放在目的狀語：放在gogo，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等詞后面等詞后面. .如：如： I come to see you I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to They brought in photos of their families for me to look at look at b b原因狀語：放在原因狀語：放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised， disappointed disappointed， excited excited等詞后面。（等詞后面。（有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在有些資料上把這類稱為不定式在表示心理、情感、評價(jià)等的形容詞后，對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表示心理、情感、評價(jià)等的形容詞后，對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明， 作形容詞補(bǔ)足語作形容詞補(bǔ)足語）如：）如： I am glad to see you here I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you I am sorry to trouble you c c作結(jié)果狀語。如：作結(jié)果狀語。如： Some of the apples are hard to reach Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回賓語補(bǔ)足語( (1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶to： tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，等詞后面常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例： Iaskedafriendtoreadittome I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write (2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞(see，watch，hear，feel，make，let，have， observe， notice， help等)后不帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若變成被動語態(tài)，在上述結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式符號to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard to sing in the next room 返回 “疑問詞不定式”用法 不定式前可帶what，who，which，where，when，how, whose，等疑問詞，這種不定式短語在句中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語等。例：He didnt tell me where to go. (直賓) I dont know what to say now.(賓語) I dont know what to do next（賓語） He taught us how to use the computer（賓語補(bǔ)足語） Its still a question how to get there（主語） 在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動語態(tài)一般式(to be+過去分詞)”例：There are twenty more trees to be planted. 返回根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？ 3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？ 13Have you decided which one_（choose）？ 14Do you know when_（start）？ 15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone to go 主語to go 賓語to work 主語to join 結(jié)果狀語to have 形容詞補(bǔ)足語(原)to meet 形容詞補(bǔ)足語(原)to stay 賓語to come 賓補(bǔ)to feel 賓補(bǔ)to tell 賓語to spend 表語to say 定語to choose 定語to start 不定式短語作賓語to carry 結(jié)果狀語