Mechanical Engineering EnglishLesson 1 Modern Manufacturing EngineeringA．What Is Manufacturing Maybe you’ve never thought about it before, but it is all around you. It affects every part of your life. What is it? In this case, “it” is manufacturing. Actually “manufacturing” is not all around you. But manufactured products are. Look around you right now. Name some things you see that were manufactured. Chairs, notebooks, blue jeans, books, floor tile, chalkboards, light bulbs, pencils, eyeglasses—nearlyeverything around you was manufactured.The manufacturing industry is important to our society. It’s essential to our economy. An economy is a system for producing and distributing products and services. Many people work in manufacturing. They help produce products. And they buy products with the money they earn. The more products people buy, the more products are manufactured. And this allows more people to work.Manufacturing is also important to the economy in another way. A piece of material is worth more after it’s been changed into a useful product. That’s added value. Value is increased by the manufacturing process.B. Modern ManufacturingA manufacturing industry needs three basic types of resources: Material resources, Human resources, Capital resources.The elements of industry are seven key steps for organizing production: Research and Development, Production Tooling, Production Planning and Control, Quality Control, Personnel Management, Manufacturing, Marketing. R&D is the planning of new products, processes, or materials and the improvement of old skill. R&D is such a large, important part of the industrial world and requires many people with different talents.Production Tooling is the element of industry concerned with these tools. The PT obtains the tools, machines, and equipment needed to make a product.The most important parts of Production Planning and Control are routing, scheduling, dispatching, and plan layout. The machinery and equipment must be arranged so that production can take place smoothly, without wasted time and effort.Quality Control can be defined as those activities which prevent defective articles. In this way management tries to insure that a product will be acceptable to the buyer. Marketing is the process of getting products from those who make them to those who use them and it helps to deliver the right kinds of goods to us, in the right form and amount, at the time and price.Lesson 2 Mechanical Engineering DesignMechanical engineering design is a major segment of engineering, it deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds. For many students, mechanical engineering design is one of their first professional engineering courses. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems, and the engineers are able to devise better solutions to practical problems. The most problems in mechanical engineering design do not have a single right answer. Hence, modern mechanical engineers are able to produce distinctly better solutions to meet today’s needs. The engineer must use the best available scientific understanding together with empirical information, good judgment. When considering a complete machine, the engineer invariably finds that the requirements and constraints of the various components are interrelated. The modern engineer has become increasingly concerned with the broader considerations of safety, ecology, and overall “quality of life.”Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expanded. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated.New designs generally have “bugs” or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change.During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise.Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Communicating the design to others is the final, vital step in the design process. Undoubtedly many great designs, inventions, and creative works have been lost to mankind simply because the originators were unable or unwilling to explain their accomplishments to others. Presentation is a selling job. The engineer, when presenting a new solution to administrative, management, or supervisory persons, is attempting to sell or to prove to them that this solution is a better one. Unless this can be done successfully, the time and effort spent on obtaining the solution have been largely wasted. 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯學(xué) 生 姓 名： 學(xué) 院： 專 業(yè) 及 班 級 ： 學(xué) 號： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 ： 2011 年 4 月 25 日Mechanical Engineering EnglishLesson 1 Modern Manufacturing EngineeringA．What Is Manufacturing Maybe you’ve never thought about it before, but it is all around you. It affects every part of your life. What is it? In this case, “it” is manufacturing. Actually “manufacturing” is not all around you. But manufactured products are. Look around you right now. Name some things you see that were manufactured. Chairs, notebooks, blue jeans, books, floor tile, chalkboards, light bulbs, pencils, eyeglasses—nearlyeverything around you was manufactured.The manufacturing industry is important to our society. It’s essential to our economy. An economy is a system for producing and distributing products and services. Many people work in manufacturing. They help produce products. And they buy products with the money they earn. The more products people buy, the more products are manufactured. And this allows more people to work.Manufacturing is also important to the economy in another way. A piece of material is worth more after it’s been changed into a useful product. That’s added value. Value is increased by the manufacturing process.B. Modern ManufacturingA manufacturing industry needs three basic types of resources: Material resources, Human resources, Capital resources.The elements of industry are seven key steps for organizing production: Research and Development, Production Tooling, Production Planning and Control, Quality Control, Personnel Management, Manufacturing, Marketing. R&D is the planning of new products, processes, or materials and the improvement of old skill. R&D is such a large, important part of the industrial world and requires many people with different talents.Production Tooling is the element of industry concerned with these tools. The PT obtains the tools, machines, and equipment needed to make a product.The most important parts of Production Planning and Control are routing, scheduling, dispatching, and plan layout. The machinery and equipment must be arranged so that production can take place smoothly, without wasted time and effort.Quality Control can be defined as those activities which prevent defective articles. In this way management tries to insure that a product will be acceptable to the buyer. Marketing is the process of getting products from those who make them to those who use them and it helps to deliver the right kinds of goods to us, in the right form and amount, at the time and price.Lesson 2 Mechanical Engineering DesignMechanical engineering design is a major segment of engineering, it deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds. For many students, mechanical engineering design is one of their first professional engineering courses. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems, and the engineers are able to devise better solutions to practical problems. The most problems in mechanical engineering design do not have a single right answer. Hence, modern mechanical engineers are able to produce distinctly better solutions to meet today’s needs. The engineer must use the best available scientific understanding together with empirical information, good judgment. When considering a complete machine, the engineer invariably finds that the requirements and constraints of the various components are interrelated. The modern engineer has become increasingly concerned with the broader considerations of safety, ecology, and overall “quality of life.”Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expanded. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated.New designs generally have “bugs” or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change.During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise.Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Communicating the design to others is the final, vital step in the design process. Undoubtedly many great designs, inventions, and creative works have been lost to mankind simply because the originators were unable or unwilling to explain their accomplishments to others. Presentation is a selling job. The engineer, when presenting a new solution to administrative, management, or supervisory persons, is attempting to sell or to prove to them that this solution is a better one. Unless this can be done successfully, the time and effort spent on obtaining the solution have been largely wasted. 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯學(xué) 生 姓 名： 學(xué) 院： 專 業(yè) 及 班 級 ： 學(xué) 號： 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 ： 2011 年 4 月 25 日機(jī)械工程英語 第 1 課現(xiàn)代制造工程 A.什么是制造業(yè) 也許你從來沒有想過這個(gè)問題之前，但它是你周圍的一切。它影響著你生活的一部分。是什么呢？在這種情況下， “它” 是制造業(yè)。其實(shí)“制造”是不是你周圍的一切。而是人為制造的產(chǎn)品?，F(xiàn)在看看你周圍。名稱有些事情你看到這些制造。椅子，筆記本電腦，藍(lán)色牛仔褲，書籍，地板磚，黑板，燈泡，鉛筆，眼鏡，近周圍的一切你是制造。 制造業(yè)是香港的重要的社會。這對于我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體是生產(chǎn)和銷售的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)體系。許多人工作在制造業(yè)。他們幫助生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。他們用這些錢購買他們賺的產(chǎn)品。人們購買的產(chǎn)品越多，越產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。這讓更多的人來工作。制造業(yè)也是重要的另一種方式的經(jīng)濟(jì)。甲片的材料后，更是值得它被改變成一個(gè)有用的產(chǎn)品。這就是附加值。價(jià)值是增加了生產(chǎn)過程。 二現(xiàn)代制造 一個(gè)制造業(yè)的資源需要三個(gè)基本類型：物質(zhì)資源，人力資源，資本資源。 工業(yè)的七個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素是組織生產(chǎn)步驟：研究，開發(fā)，生產(chǎn)模具，生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃與控制，質(zhì)量控制，人事管理，制造，營銷。 研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，工藝或材料，舊技術(shù)的改進(jìn)計(jì)劃。 R＆D 是這么大，工業(yè)世界的重要組成部分，需要與不同的人才很多人。 生產(chǎn)工具是工業(yè)元素與這些工具有關(guān)。在 PT 獲得的工具，機(jī)器和設(shè)備需要做出的產(chǎn)品。 生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃與控制最重要的部分是路由，調(diào)度，調(diào)度，并規(guī)劃布局。機(jī)械及設(shè)備，必須使生產(chǎn)安排，可以進(jìn)行順利，沒有浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力。 質(zhì)量控制可以被定義為那些活動，防止缺陷的文章。在嘗試這種方式管理，以確保產(chǎn)品將可以接受的買家。 營銷是讓那些誰使他們對那些誰使用它們，有助于提供各種貨物的權(quán)利給我們，在正確的方式和數(shù)額，時(shí)間及價(jià)格，產(chǎn)品的過程。第 2 課機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì)是工程的主要部分，它涉及的概念，設(shè)計(jì)，開發(fā)，改進(jìn)和應(yīng)用機(jī)器及各種機(jī)械設(shè)備。對于許多學(xué)生，機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì)是他們的第一個(gè)專業(yè)的工程課程之一。專業(yè)工程關(guān)注的是獲得解決實(shí)際問題，工程師們能夠設(shè)計(jì)出更好的解決實(shí)際問題。在機(jī)械工程設(shè)計(jì)中的大多數(shù)問題沒有唯一正確的答案。因此，現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工程師能夠產(chǎn)生顯著更好的解決方案，以滿足今天的需要。工程師必須使用現(xiàn)有的最佳科學(xué)信息的理解以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)，良好的判斷力。當(dāng)考慮一個(gè)完整的機(jī)器，工程師都認(rèn)為，要求和約束是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的各個(gè)組成部分?，F(xiàn)代工程師已越來越多地安全，生態(tài)，更廣泛的考慮和整體有關(guān)“生活質(zhì)量 ”。 好的設(shè)計(jì)需要嘗試新的想法并愿意采取了一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗麄冎廊绻碌挠^點(diǎn)并不工作中存在的方法可以恢復(fù)。因此，設(shè)計(jì)者必須要有耐心，因?yàn)闆]有時(shí)間和擴(kuò)大的努力取得成功的保證。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全新的設(shè)計(jì)，通常需要許多舊的和行之有效的方法，將重點(diǎn)放在一邊。這并不容易，因?yàn)樵S多人抱著熟悉的想法，技巧和態(tài)度。設(shè)計(jì)工程師必須不斷尋找方法來改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，必須決定哪些舊的，成熟的概念，應(yīng)使用什么新的，未經(jīng)試驗(yàn)的想法應(yīng)該被納入。 新的設(shè)計(jì)通常有“錯(cuò)誤 ”或之前，必須制定新設(shè)計(jì)出來的優(yōu)良特性，可享有不可預(yù)見的問題。因此，有一個(gè)優(yōu)越的產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會，但只有在較高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，如果設(shè)計(jì)不保證激進(jìn)的新方法，這種方法不能申請的改變而而已。 在設(shè)計(jì)的開始階段，創(chuàng)意應(yīng)該允許繁榮沒有大量的約束。盡管許多不切實(shí)際的想法可能發(fā)生時(shí)，通常很容易消除在設(shè)計(jì)的早期階段，他們之前是由公司生產(chǎn)所需的細(xì)節(jié)。通過這種方式，創(chuàng)新的思想不是抑制。很多時(shí)候，一個(gè)以上的設(shè)計(jì)，開發(fā)，到那里他們可以相互比較點(diǎn)。這是完全可能的是，最終設(shè)計(jì)將接受使用心得在被拒絕的設(shè)計(jì)，沒有太多的整體表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的承諾。 另一項(xiàng)重要的一點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該承認(rèn)的是，設(shè)計(jì)工程師必須能夠與其他人交流意見，如果他們要納入。傳達(dá)給其他人設(shè)計(jì)的最后，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中的重要一步。毫無疑問，許多偉大的設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新工程已失去了人類僅僅是因?yàn)閯?chuàng)始人是無法或不愿解釋他們的成就給其他人。演講是一個(gè)銷售的工作。這位工程師，當(dāng)提出一個(gè)新的解決方案，行政，管理或監(jiān)督人，正試圖出售或向他們證明這個(gè)解決方案是一個(gè)更好的。除非這是可以做到成功，獲得的時(shí)間和精力花在解決方案已經(jīng)在很大程度上浪費(fèi)了。本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告設(shè)計(jì)題目： 立式切碎機(jī) 專業(yè)年級： 學(xué) 號： 姓 名： 指導(dǎo)教師、職稱： 2015年 1 月 23 日1、本設(shè)計(jì)課題的目的意義，主要及擬解決的關(guān)鍵性問題（附參考文獻(xiàn)）中國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國，因此農(nóng)作物是中國重要的一部分。自古以來，中國的糧食總類很多，其中包括塊根莖物料，如馬鈴薯、地瓜、蘿卜、瓜果。中國人飯桌上或多或少都會出現(xiàn)以上塊根莖物料所制作而成的一道菜。所以如何更合理更簡單方便的處理塊根莖物料成為人們需要研究的一個(gè)課題。后來就出現(xiàn)了切碎機(jī)。切碎機(jī)是將大尺寸的固體原料切碎至要求尺寸或形狀的加工機(jī)械，它在農(nóng)品加工、中草藥加工、飼料加工等行業(yè)領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。切碎機(jī)按所切物料的形態(tài)不同可分為：莖稈類物料切碎機(jī)、塊狀類物料切碎機(jī)。依照要求，本課題針對塊狀類物料切碎機(jī)進(jìn)行研究。塊 狀 類 物 料 切 碎 機(jī) 按 盤 刀 的 方 式 不 同 可 分 為 立 式 盤 刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) 、 水 平 盤 刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) 和刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) 。 當(dāng) 前 的 滾 刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) 其 最 主 要 的 形 式 就 是 圓 錐 形 滾 刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) ， 其 主 要 用 來切 碎 青 綠 物 料 和 塊 狀 莖 ， 其 動 刀 片 一 般 安 裝 在 圓 錐 形 滾 筒 上 。 當(dāng) 滾 筒 旋 轉(zhuǎn) 時(shí) ， 料 斗 內(nèi) 的 物料 就 被 切 碎 ， 成 品 通 過 動 刀 和 滾 筒 之 間 的 空 隙 進(jìn) 入 圓 錐 滾 筒 內(nèi) ， 并 沿 著 圓 錐 斜 面 從 滾 筒 的大 端 排 出 。 由 于 圓 錐 僅 部 分 表 面 和 喂 料 斗 接 觸 ， 所 以 生 產(chǎn) 效 率 較 低 ， 但 工 作 較 可 靠 。 根 據(jù) 簡易 程 度 我 們 研 究 立 式 盤 刀 式 切 碎 機(jī) （ 簡 易 式 切 碎 機(jī) ） 。立式簡易切碎機(jī)由喂入斗和裝有 4 把刀片的圓盤組成.圓盤與地面垂直.工作時(shí),塊根裝在圓盤左的喂入斗內(nèi).當(dāng)圓盤旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),盤上的刀片就將塊根切成薄片,由圓盤下方排出口(出料口)排出.這種型式的切碎機(jī),構(gòu)造簡單,使用方便,易于保養(yǎng)修理.1. 產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械與設(shè)備,沈再春主編，中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社。2.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊。3.其它相關(guān)參考資料。二、本設(shè)計(jì)課題的主要設(shè)計(jì)、預(yù)期設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果主 要 設(shè) 計(jì) 內(nèi) 容 ：按 給 定 的 物 料 和 轉(zhuǎn) 軸 轉(zhuǎn) 速 ， 設(shè) 計(jì) 一 套 切 碎 系 統(tǒng) ， 切 碎 機(jī) 工 作 完 畢 后 查 其 切 碎 的 情況 。預(yù) 期 設(shè) 計(jì) 結(jié) 果 :切 割 系 統(tǒng) 的 設(shè) 計(jì) 要 符 合 手 動 立 式 簡 易 切 碎 機(jī) （ 設(shè) 計(jì) ） 規(guī) 范 要 求 ， 基 本 滿 足 使 用上 的 功 能 要 求 ， 兼 顧 節(jié) 能 環(huán) 保 要 求 ， 實(shí) 現(xiàn) 經(jīng) 濟(jì) 和 功 能 的 統(tǒng) 一 。擬 解 決 的 關(guān) 鍵 問 題 ：1、 主 動 軸 和 從 動 軸 的 協(xié) 調(diào) 性 及 剛 度 要 求 ；2、 滿 足 給 定 的 切 割 要 求 ；3、 切 割 效 果 分 析 ；三、設(shè)計(jì)方法和步驟１、收集切 碎 機(jī) 的資料，調(diào)查研究，通過分析比較、確定設(shè)計(jì)方案；２、根據(jù)給定要求，進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的計(jì)算；３、運(yùn)用 AutoCAD 和 Photoshop 繪圖等工具進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。４、進(jìn)行切碎效果試驗(yàn)；５、撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書4、設(shè)計(jì)工作的總體安排及進(jìn)度第 1 設(shè)計(jì)周：收集資料、知識準(zhǔn)備；第 2～3 設(shè)計(jì)周：方案設(shè)計(jì)；第 4 設(shè)計(jì)周：總體結(jié)構(gòu)草圖；第 5～10 設(shè)計(jì)周：結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、總體裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)；第 11～13 設(shè)計(jì)周：設(shè)計(jì)說明書（論文）編寫。五、指導(dǎo)教師審查意見：簽字： 年 月 日六、系(教研室)審查意見：簽字： 年 月 日七、學(xué)院審查意見：分管院長簽章： 年 月 日