（貴陽專版）2019中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 教材知識(shí)梳理篇 八下 Units 3-4（精講）檢測(cè).doc

八年級(jí)(下)Units 34中考基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理類別課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求詞匯攻關(guān)1.lend(v.)_lent_(過去式/過去分詞)借給；借出_borrow_(反義詞)借；借用2independent(adj.)_independence_(n.)獨(dú)立3develop(v.)_development_(n.)發(fā)展；發(fā)育；成長(zhǎng)_developing_(adj.)發(fā)展中的_developed_(adj.)發(fā)達(dá)的；成熟的；先進(jìn)的4fair(adj.)_fairness_(n.)公平性；合理性_unfair_(反義詞)不合理的；不公正的5ill(adj.)_illness_(n.)疾??；病6municate(v.)_munication_(n.)交流；溝通7proper(adj.)_properly_(adv.)正確地；恰當(dāng)?shù)?.usual(adj.)_unusual_(反義詞)特別的；不尋常的_usually_(adv.)通常地；尋常地9fold(v.)_unfold_(反義詞)展開；打開10throw(v.)_threw_(過去式)_thrown_(過去分詞)扔；擲11sweep(v.)_swept_(過去式/過去分詞)掃；打掃12cloud(n.)_cloudy_(adj.)多云的13argue(v.)_argument_(n.)辯論；爭(zhēng)論14press(v.)_pressure_(n.)壓力15push(v.)_pull_(反義詞)拉；拽16typical(adj.)_typically_(adv.)典型地17quick(adj.)_quickly_(adv.)快地；迅速地短語歸納1.倒垃圾_take_out_the_rubbish_2頻繁；反復(fù)_all_the_time_3一就_as_soon_as_4目的是；為了_in_order_to_5依靠；信賴_depend_on_6照顧；處理_take_care_of_7快速查看；瀏覽_look_through_8重要的事_big_deal_9成功地發(fā)展；解決_work_out_10.和睦相處；關(guān)系良好_get_on_with_11刪除；刪去_cut_out_12比較；對(duì)比_parewith_13依看_in_ones_opinion_14過來；順便拜訪_e_over_15浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 _a_waste_of_time_16生某人的氣 _be_angry_with_sb._17和某人打架 _have_a_fight_with_sb._句型再現(xiàn)(含情景交際)1.(請(qǐng)求幫助)“你能掃一下地嗎？”“好的，當(dāng)然可以?！盻Could_you_please_ sweep the floor?Yes，_sure_.2(請(qǐng)求他人的允許)“我可以用你的電腦嗎？”“對(duì)不起，我現(xiàn)在要用。”_Could_I_use_your puter?_Sorry_Im going to work on it now.3他們應(yīng)該將時(shí)間花在學(xué)業(yè)上，為的是取得好成績(jī)并考上好大學(xué)。They should spend their time on schoolwork _in_order_to_get_good_grades_ and _get_into_ a good university.4同時(shí)，當(dāng)他們長(zhǎng)大后，他們將不得不做家務(wù)，所以他們現(xiàn)在沒必要做家務(wù)。Also，when they get older，they will have to do housework so _there_is_no_need_for_them_to_do_it_ now.5反正我認(rèn)為做家務(wù)不是很難。我并不介意做家務(wù)。And anyway，I think _doing_chores_ is not so difficult.I _do_not_mind_doing_ them.6.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的妹妹在翻閱我的東西。I found my sister _looking_through_ my things yesterday.7相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。Instead he watches _whatever_he_wants_ until late at night.8孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。_The_earlier_ kids learn to be independent，_the_better_ it is for their future.9人們不該把自己的孩子逼得太緊。People _shouldnt_push_ their kids so hard.10并且他們總是把他們和其他孩子作比較。And they _are_always_paring_ them with other children.11他們中有很多人在學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)試的技巧以便能考入一所好高中，隨后進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué)。Many of them are learning exam skills _so_that_they can get into a good high school and later a good university.12.我的問題就是我不能很好地和家人相處。My problem is _that_I_cant_get_on_with_my_family_.13.雖然她做得不對(duì)，但也沒什么了不起的。_Although_shes wrong，its not a _big_deal_.14.你最好的朋友不再信任你了。Your best friend does _not_trust you _anymore_.語法1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could用于表示請(qǐng)求與允許(詳見第二編P120)2.連詞until，so that，although(詳見第二編P110111)話題Unit 3 Chores and permission(家務(wù)和許可)Unit 4 Interpersonal munication(人際溝通)素材包如何與他人相處：1.No one can live without keeping in touch with others.So its important to learn how to get on well with others.2.We should be kind and friendly to others，and then we can make more friends.3.If we are free，we can do some volunteer work to help our neighbors.對(duì)人際溝通中存在的問題給出建議：1.Dont be afraid of making mistakes because no one is perfect.2.Youd better talk with your parents or teachers so that they can help you.3.Try to listen more carefully and think of better ways to understand your parents.貴陽中考重難點(diǎn)突破neither的用法 (教材八下P19)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】詞性含義用法例句代詞兩者都不(表示全部否定)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)Neither is right.兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。常與of連用，neither of名詞復(fù)數(shù)/代詞復(fù)數(shù)(此結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以)Neither of them was/were in good health，but both of them worked very hard.他們兩個(gè)人身體都不好，但工作都非常努力。限定詞兩者都不用在單數(shù)名詞之前(用作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù))Neither book is my favorite.兩本書都不是我最喜歡的。副詞也不表達(dá)前面所說的(否定)情況也適用于另外一個(gè)人，常構(gòu)成倒裝句：Neither系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(此句型時(shí)態(tài)與前一句時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致)Jeff wasnt at school and neither was Ben.杰夫不在學(xué)校，本也不在。He doesnt go to school by bike.他不騎自行車上學(xué)。Neither do I我也不騎?！練w納拓展】neithernor用作連詞，意為“既不也不”，連接兩個(gè)并列成分表示否定；反義短語為bothand，意為“兩者都”。連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般遵循“就近原則”。如：Their house is neither big nor small.他們的房子不大也不小。Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不對(duì)。( B )1.(新信息題)I dont like the movie Hello，Mrs. Money(李茶的姑媽)_ do I.ASoBNeitherCAlso( C )2.Neither you nor he _ Hawaii before.Ahas gone to Bhave been toChas been to( C )3.(xx達(dá)州中考改編)Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing?_ the crowded traffic _ the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.AEither；or BBoth；andCNeither；nor辨析borrow，lend與keep (教材八下P20)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】詞匯含義用法例句borrow借進(jìn)說話人向別人借東西供自己用，常用于borrow sth.from sb.結(jié)構(gòu)中，為終止性動(dòng)詞Can I borrow this book？我可以借這本書嗎？Yes，but you mustnt lend it to others.可以，但你不許借給別人。lend借出說話人把自己的東西借給別人用，常用于lend sth.to sb.或lend sb.sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，為終止性動(dòng)詞keep保存；保留用于表示借用的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，可以和表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語及how long等連用，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)How long may I keep this book？這本書我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Two weeks.兩周。borrow，lend，keep1Can I _borrow_ your dictionary?Of course，but please remember that you cant _lend_ it to others.2I borrowed Toms car 2 days ago，and he told me I could _keep_ it for a week.3(xx黔東南中考)I borrowed an English book from my classmate.(改為同義句)My classmate_lent_ an English book _to_ me.辨析provide，give與offer (教材八下P22，P27)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】單詞含義用法provide指有遠(yuǎn)見，為應(yīng)付意外、緊急情況等做好充分準(zhǔn)備而“供給、提供”provide sth.for sb.provide sb.with sth.give多指一般性的“給；給予”give sth.to sb.give sb.sth.offer側(cè)重表示“愿意給予”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)提供offer sth.to sb.offer sb.sth.He offered me a job.他提供給我一份工作。They provided us with a car.他們給我們提供了一輛車。I gave a nice present to my mother on Mothers Day.在母親節(jié)那天，我送給媽媽了一份精美的禮物?！緶剀疤崾尽咳鬿ffer所接的直接賓語和間接賓語都為代詞時(shí)，只能用offer sth.(代詞) to sb.(代詞)。( B )1.(2019預(yù)測(cè))The new supermarket_ local people with more chances to work.Agives Bprovides Coffers ( A )2.(xx深圳中考)Jack _ to help at the underground station on Saturdays.Cool！Lets join him next Saturday.Aoffers Brefuses Cforgets ( B )3.I _ a football to my brother as his birthday present.Abought Bgave Cprovidedallow的用法 (教材八下P25)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】His parents wont allow him to stay out late.他的父母不會(huì)允許他在外待到很晚。He is not allowed to watch TV too late.他不可以看電視到很晚。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我們不允許在大廳內(nèi)吸煙。( C )(xx重慶中考B卷改編)Their parents dont allow them _ in the river because its really dangerous.Aswim Bswam Cto swimas soon as的用法 (教材八下P19)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】(1)as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。有同樣用法的時(shí)間狀語從句連詞還有the minute/the moment等。如： Ill tell you as soon as/the minute/the moment he gets there.他一到那里，我就告訴你。(2)as soon as possibleas soon as one can/could，意為“盡可能快地”。( A )1.When shall we begin our trip?Well set out _ our headteacher arrives.Aas soon as Bever since Cso that( A )2.(xx北部灣中考改編)As soon as she _ in Nanning，she will call you.Aarrives Barrive CarrivedPeter，could you please take out the rubbish？彼得，請(qǐng)你把垃圾倒掉好嗎？(教材八下P17)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】句式常見答語Could(Can/Would/Will)you please do sth.？表示請(qǐng)求或征求意見(相當(dāng)于Please do sth.)肯定：Yes，sure./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem. 否定：Sorry，I cant.I have to/Im afraid not.Could you please not do sth.？常表示委婉批評(píng)或建議(相當(dāng)于Dont do sth.)Sorry，I wont do that again.Could I do？表示請(qǐng)求許可(相當(dāng)于May I？)肯定：Sure./Yes，you can. 否定：Sorry，but you cant/youd better not./No，you cant.( A )I have to go now.Could you please order a taxi for me?_！AMy pleasure BYou are kidding CGood ideaThe earlier kids learn to be independent，the better it is for their future.孩子們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立，對(duì)他們的未來就越好。(教材八下P22)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】這個(gè)句子是比較級(jí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)句型： the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)，意為“越，越”。如：The more you pay，the more you will gain.付出越多，收獲越多。( C )1.The harder you work，_ youll be.Aluck Bluckier Cthe luckier( A )2.(xx齊齊哈爾中考)Miss Brown tells us to remember that_ careful we are，_ mistakes we will make.Athe more；the fewerBthe fewer；the more Cthe more；the lessWhy dont you go to sleep earlier this evening？你今天晚上為什么不早點(diǎn)睡呢？(教材八下P25)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】(1)如何提出建議：What/How aboutdoing sth.？做某事怎么樣？Shall we do sth.?我們做某事好嗎？Youd better (not)do sth.你最好(不)做某事。提出建議Why not do sth.?為什么不做某事呢？Lets do！讓我們做吧！Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事嗎？(2)回答建議的常用句型：肯定答語：Good idea./OK./All right./Sure./Certainly.否定答語：No，thanks./Sorry，I cant./Im afraid not.( A )1.(xx畢節(jié)中考改編)Why not _ reading right now?AstartBto startCstarting( B )2.(新信息題)The new movie Last Letter(你好，之華) is on.What about _ the cinema to watch it?Ago to Bgoing to Cwent to( B )3.(xx達(dá)州中考改編)I have a bad cold，mom.Oh，dear！Youd better _ a doctor with me in a minute.Awill see Bsee Cseeing4(xx重慶中考B卷)Why dont you watch a talk show？(改為同義句)_Why_ _not_ watch a talk show？隨堂知識(shí)鞏固單項(xiàng)選擇。( A )1.(xx宜賓中考)She stopped talking _ her mother came into the room.【考點(diǎn)】Aas soon as Bunless Cthough ( B )2.(xx桂平三模改編)I dont understand the story in the new unit.What about you，Bill？【考點(diǎn)】_.ANeither I do BNeither do ICSo do I( C )3.(xx宜昌中考改編)A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.I quite agree，but it _ on when and how they walk.Aremains Breturns Cdepends( A )4.(xx天水中考改編)In order _ for the petition，my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.Anot to be late Bnot being lateCto be late( A )5.(xx唐山路北期末改編)If you want to know more about space，please_ the book A Brief History of Time.Alook through Blook aroundClook after( C )6.Weve got no coffee.Lets have tea_ Aeither Byet Cinstead( B )7.(2019預(yù)測(cè))Our pany provides all the people around the world_ the best service.【考點(diǎn)】Ato Bwith Cfor( C )8.(xx荊州中考改編)I do feel a little_ about making a speech.Take it easy.The more you prepare，the better you will feel.Aangry Bbored Cnervous( C )9.(易錯(cuò)題)Could you _ me your book，Tom？【考點(diǎn)】OK.And you can_ it for two weeks.Alend；borrow Bborrow；lendClend；keep( B )10.(xx揚(yáng)州中考改編)The Queqiao satellite(衛(wèi)星) will form a _ bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon.Acontribution BmunicationCcelebration高頻話題寫作指導(dǎo) 煩惱與建議話題解讀“煩惱與建議”屬于中學(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中第八個(gè)話題人際關(guān)系。“建議是在乎你的人給予你的最真誠(chéng)的關(guān)愛，建議是愛護(hù)你的人給予你的最溫暖的期待”，可見這種類型的文章是具有人文關(guān)懷類型的文章，是學(xué)生在人際交往過程中特別需要的一種語言表達(dá)能力。從命題角度上來看：以“人際交往”為主題的書面表達(dá)是中考?？荚掝}。學(xué)生在校園生活和家庭生活中難免會(huì)遇到很多的煩惱和困惑。此類型的文章就是鍛煉學(xué)生使用語言清楚地描述自己的困惑和煩惱，向他人求助的能力。學(xué)生若能結(jié)合自己的實(shí)際情況，就會(huì)有很多的寫作素材。從作文類型上來看：此類型文章屬于應(yīng)用文范疇，兼具交際性、記敘性和議論性。所以通常采用敘述與建議結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行寫作。敘述，即敘述困惑、煩惱或問題；建議，即陳述自己對(duì)此問題的看法，同時(shí)給出建議。從作文內(nèi)容上來看：此類型話題可能涉及到的內(nèi)容有：1描述同學(xué)們?cè)谏钪谢驅(qū)W習(xí)中遇到的各種困擾，并提出解決的方法和建議；2描述成長(zhǎng)中的一些煩惱，如同學(xué)之間的人際交往、父母與子女的溝通(如xx黔東南中考、xx畢節(jié)中考)等，并給出建議和解決方法。核心詞匯和句型1詞匯 problem 問題 pressure 壓力 stressful 有壓力的；緊張的 argue with 與某人爭(zhēng)論 overe difficulties 克服困難 face difficulties 面對(duì)困難 be in trouble 在困境中 be friendly to 對(duì)友好 get into a fight with sb.和某人吵架 get on/along well with 與相處得好 2.句型 There are many things you can do.你有很多事情可以做。 I hope the advice is helpful to you.我希望這個(gè)建議對(duì)你有幫助。 Why not help your parents with some housework？為什么不幫助你的父母做些家務(wù)呢？ You should have some time to relax yourself.你應(yīng)該讓自己有放松的時(shí)間。 I would like to share my experience with you.我想和你分享我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 In a word，if we deal with our problems and stress in proper ways，we can have a happier life.總之，如果我們用正確的方式處理問題和壓力，我們就能有一個(gè)更快樂的生活。 典例剖析(安徽中考)假如你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Jack來信說他暑假期間會(huì)來中國(guó)交流學(xué)習(xí)。他學(xué)了兩年中文，但是仍然擔(dān)心用中文交流時(shí)會(huì)遇到困難。請(qǐng)你用英語給Jack 寫封回信，提幾點(diǎn)建議，要點(diǎn)如下： 1.大膽自信； 2.放慢語速； 3.借助圖畫或肢體語言等表達(dá)方式。注意：1詞數(shù)80100； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3.信中不得出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息；4開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：自信的confident；肢體語言body languageDear Jack， How is everything going？I am very glad to learn that you are ing to China this summer._ Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua 【審題指導(dǎo)】細(xì)讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1本篇作文為應(yīng)用文，敘述你的美國(guó)朋友可能遇到的問題，并給出你覺得能解決這個(gè)問題的幾個(gè)方法；2此類型作文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主要使用第二人稱，也可根據(jù)表達(dá)需要靈活運(yùn)用其他人稱。【寫作導(dǎo)圖】LetterGreetingHow is everything going?SuggestionsFirst，be braveSecond，speak slowly and clearly.Whats more，draw pictures andEndingBest wishes!【參考范文】Dear_Jack， How_is_everything_going？I_am_very_glad_to_learn_that_you_are_ing_to_China_this_summer.Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese.Id like to share my ideas，which I think might help.First，be brave enough to speak Chinese when you municate with others.Its of great importance to be confident about yourself.We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making mistakes.Second，its better to speak slowly and clearly.In this way, you can make yourself understood more easily.Whats more，sometimes you can use drawings or pictures.And as you know，body language is also widely used across cultures.Sometimes it really works. Best_wishes!Yours，Li_Hua【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文的亮點(diǎn)之處有：1.時(shí)態(tài)使用正確，提出建議時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；2.Its not necessary to do sth.，be brave enough to do sth.，be of great importance，be afraid of，make yourself understood等句式及短語的靈活運(yùn)用，體現(xiàn)了作者豐富的語言積累；3.first，second，whats more等詞匯的運(yùn)用使文章層次分明。自我測(cè)評(píng)(xx廣州中考改編)假如你是英語校報(bào)編輯李華，校報(bào)收到初一新生Ben的來信，他提出了所面臨的兩個(gè)問題。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示寫一封80詞左右的回信，說明Ben的問題，提出你的建議并陳述理由。Bens problemsYour advice and reasons朋友少，感覺孤單參加學(xué)校社團(tuán)(club)結(jié)識(shí)更多朋友(請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充)英語單詞難記多閱讀英語故事、新聞在運(yùn)用中學(xué)單詞(請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充)Dear Ben，I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in middle school.In your letter，you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends.I think its a good choice to join some clubs in your school.In this way，you can make more friends.Besides，youd better be friendly to others.On the other hand，you found it difficult to remember English words.Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words.In addition，if you can develop a habit of keeping an English diary，it will be easier for you to remember more words.I hope you will find these suggestions useful.Good luck with everything!Yours，Li Hua