（貴陽(yáng)專版）2019中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 教材知識(shí)梳理篇 八下 Units 1-2（精講）檢測(cè).doc

八年級(jí)(下)Units 12中考基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理類別課標(biāo)考點(diǎn)要求詞匯攻關(guān)1.stomach(n.)_stomachache_(n.)胃痛；腹痛2.foot(n.)_feet_(pl.) 腳；足3.own(v.)_owner_(n.)物主；主人4.break(n.)_broken_(adj.)破損的；殘缺的5.train(v.)_training_(n.)訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)6.kind(adj.)_kindness_(n.)仁慈；善良7.strong(adj.)_weak_(反義詞)虛弱的；無(wú)力的_stronger_(比較級(jí))較強(qiáng)壯的；較強(qiáng)烈的_strongest_(最高級(jí))最強(qiáng)壯的；最強(qiáng)烈的8.feel(v.)_felt_(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)感覺(jué)_feeling_(n.)感覺(jué)；感觸_interested_(adj.)感興趣的9.interest(n.& v)_interesting_(adj.)有趣的10.knife(n.)_knives_(pl.)刀11.hurt(v.)_hurt_(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)(使)疼痛；受傷12.decide(v.)_decision_(n.)決定；抉擇13.satisfy( v)_satisfaction_(n.)滿足；滿意_satisfied_(adj.)感到滿意的；滿足的14.alone(adj.& adv.)_lonely_(adj.)孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的15.imagine(v.)_imagination_(n.)想象力；想象16.death(n.)死亡_die_(v.)消失；滅亡；死亡17.climb(v.)_climber_(n.)登山者；攀登者短語(yǔ)歸納1.感冒_have_a_cold_2.胃痛；腹痛_have_a_stomachache_3.躺下_lie_down_4.量體溫_take_ones_temperature_5.發(fā)燒_have_a_fever_6.休息_take_breaks/take_a_break_7.下車_get_off_8.使驚訝的是；出乎的意料_to_ones_surprise_9.立即；馬上_right_away_10.陷入；參與_get_into_11.習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)于_be_used_to_12.冒險(xiǎn)_take_risks/take_a_risk_13.用盡；耗盡_run_out_(of)_14.切除_cut_off_15.離開(kāi)；從出來(lái)_get_out_of_16.掌管；管理_be_in_control_of_17.放棄_give_up_18.打掃(或清除)干凈_clean_up_19.(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái)_cheer_up_20.分發(fā)；散發(fā)_give_out_21.想出；提出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)_e_up_with_22.推遲_put_off_23.分發(fā)_hand_out_24.打電話給(某人)；征召_call_up_25.照顧；非常喜歡_care_for_26.參加選拔；試用_try_out_27.修理；裝飾_fix_up_28.贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)_give_away_29.(外貌或行為)像_take_after_30.建起；設(shè)立_set_up_31.影響；有作用_make_a_difference_32.幫助擺脫困境_help_out_33.曾經(jīng)；過(guò)去_used_to_34.因感謝某人 _thank_sb._for_(doing)_sth._35.與相似 _be_similar_to_ 句型再現(xiàn)(含情景交際)1.(詢問(wèn)他人健康狀況)“你怎么啦？”“我背痛。”_Whats_the_matter_？I_have_a_sore_back_.2.我該怎么辦？_What_should_I_do_？3.(詢問(wèn)他人意見(jiàn))“我應(yīng)該放些藥在上面嗎？”“是的，應(yīng)該。/不，不應(yīng)該?！盻Should_I_put some medicine on it？Yes，_you_should_./No，_you_shouldnt_.4.昨天上午9點(diǎn)，26路公交車正沿著中華路行駛，這時(shí)司機(jī)看到一位老人躺在路邊。At 9：00 am.yesterday，bus No.26_was_going_along_Zhonghua Road when the driver_saw_an old man_lying_on the side of the road.5.有人頭部受到撞擊。Someone_got_hit_on the head.6.作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣了冒險(xiǎn)。As a mountain climber，Aron _is_used_to_taking_risks.7.他們給我講過(guò)去的生活經(jīng)歷，講過(guò)去是什么樣子的。They told me stories about the past and how things _used_to_be_.8.她在四歲時(shí)就能獨(dú)自看書了。She could read _by_herself_at_the_age_of_four_.9.有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有“幸運(yùn)兒”(狗名)。You helped to_make_it_possible_ for me to have Lucky.10.我喜愛(ài)動(dòng)物，我對(duì)擁有一條狗這個(gè)想法感到興奮。I love animals and I was _excited_about_the idea _of_having_a_dog_.11.我認(rèn)為我以同樣的姿勢(shì)一動(dòng)不動(dòng)坐太久了。I think I sat _in_the_same_way_for too long _without_moving_.12.當(dāng)他在猶他州登山的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入了危險(xiǎn)的境地。He found himself in a very dangerous situation _when_climbing_in Utah.語(yǔ)法1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，shouldnt，could用于提建議(詳見(jiàn)第二編P120)2.反身代詞(詳見(jiàn)第二編P98)3.常用動(dòng)詞詞組(詳見(jiàn)第二編P119)4.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)(詳見(jiàn)第二編P123)話題Unit 1 Health and first aid(健康與急救)Unit 2 Volunteering and charity(志愿者服務(wù)與慈善)素材包如何保持健康：1.More and more people realize the importance of exercise.2.The doctor told me to take a rest and drink more water.3.Through sports and exercise，people bee healthier and stronger.4.Having a ninehour sleep every night is also very important.5.Wed better eat more vegetables and fruit instead of meat.如何保持自身安全：1.Whats more，the traffic safety is also important.2.We should always stay in the safe place when we go swimming.3.Dont give your personal information to others on the Internet.4.Last but not least，food safety can make a real difference to students daily life at the same time.描述疾病或意外：1.I played puter all the time without taking a rest.2.To my surprise，he hurt himself badly.3.Thanks to Mr.Wu，he sent the old man to the hospital quickly.4.The young man was so careless that he hurt himself.5.The man hit the door heavily and then he was sent to the hospital.貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破trouble的用法 (教材八下P3)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】【歸納拓展】trouble作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“打擾；使煩惱”，常用搭配為：trouble sb.to do sth.麻煩某人做某事be sorry to trouble sb.抱歉打擾某人1你是一個(gè)很善良的人，能幫助那些在困境中的人們。It is very kind of you to help the people who are _in_ _trouble_2Now，we have some trouble _raising_(raise) enough money for rebuilding their houses after the earthquake.辨析used to do sth.，be/get used to (doing) sth.與be used to do sth. (教材八下P6，P10)短語(yǔ)含義及用法used to do sth.過(guò)去常常做某事(to為不定式符號(hào))be/get used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞)be used to do sth.(be used for doing sth.)被用來(lái)做某事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；for短語(yǔ)表用途)1(熱點(diǎn)題)Nowadays，Alipay(支付寶) is widely used _to_pay_(pay) for goods.2(熱點(diǎn)題)Many people are used to _watching_(watch) Go Fighting(極限挑戰(zhàn)) on Sunday nights.( A )3.(xx宜賓中考)My sister _ be lazy.But now shes working really hard.Aused to Bis used to Cwas used togive up的用法 (教材八下P7)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】(1)give up是動(dòng)副短語(yǔ)，后接代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，代詞必須放在兩詞之間；后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞可放在兩詞之間或之后。如： Although English is very difficult，I dont want to give it up.雖然英語(yǔ)很難，但是我不想放棄。(2)give up后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)需用動(dòng)詞的ing形式?！練w納拓展】give的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：( C )1.(2019預(yù)測(cè))He failed to break the world record for the long jump many times，but he never _ his hope. Agave away Bgave back Cgave up2The chemical change gave_off_ heat and light.3(熱點(diǎn)人物題)The famous professor，Ye Jiaying(葉嘉瑩)，gave_away_ all her money to Nankai University.4The enemy was at last forced to give_in_cheer up的用法 (教材八下P9)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】(1)cheer up可以單獨(dú)使用，表示“(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái)”。如：Oh，e oncheer up！噢，加油，振奮起來(lái)吧！(2)cheer sb.up意為“使某人高興起來(lái)”，相當(dāng)于make sb.happy。如果賓語(yǔ)是名詞或詞組，可放在cheer up的中間或后面，若是代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則只能放在cheer up的中間。如：Please give Mary a call，and it can cheer her up.給瑪麗打個(gè)電話吧，這樣能讓她高興起來(lái)?！練w納拓展】本單元中up短語(yǔ)：( C )1.(xx蘇州中考改編)Little Jenny looks unhappy today.Dont worry.A box of chocolates will _ her _A give；up Bwake；up Ccheer；up( C )2.(xx昆山三模改編)What should we do for the disabled children in the Childrens Home?You are supposed to _ a study group to help them.Atake up Bfix up Cset upput off推遲 (教材八下P10)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】與put有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：put away 把收起來(lái)put on 穿上；上演；增加(體重)put down 放下；寫下put out 熄滅；撲滅put up張貼；搭起；舉起( A )1.(xx襄陽(yáng)中考改編)Mom，can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not.You cant _ todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn down Cgive away( A )2.(xx臨沂中考改編)A primary school in England has _ signs at its three entrances(入口)，saying：Greet your child with a smile，not a mobile.Aput up Bput off Cput on( C )3.(xx銀川模擬改編)The firemens job is to_ the fire and protect our safety.Aput away Bput up Cput out辨析rise和raise (教材八下P12)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】?jī)蓚€(gè)詞都有“舉起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不盡相同。rise不及物動(dòng)詞，后不接賓語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般事物可以自發(fā)地上升，如太陽(yáng)升起、水位上升、價(jià)格上漲、收入增加等不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式為rose，過(guò)去分詞為risenraise及物動(dòng)詞，后常接賓語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)外力所施加的影響，如籌錢、養(yǎng)育小孩、飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物、舉高物體等規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為raisedraise，rise1The price of the houses in China _has_risen_ since 2，000.2The sea level _rises_ because of the global warming.3The teacher _raised_ her voice to let herself heard by students.( B )4.(貴陽(yáng)背景特色題)The government is working hard _ money to build a wider country road.Araise Bto raise Cto riseWhats the matter？怎么了？I have a stomachache.我胃痛。(教材八下P1)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】(1)Whats the matter？意為“怎么了？”常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)身體有什么不適或有什么不順心的事，也可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。(2)由ache構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞(表示身體某個(gè)部位疼痛)：(3)“havea名詞”型短語(yǔ)：【歸納拓展】( C )You didnt eat anything just now._？I didnt pass my English test.Im sad now. AWhats matter BWhats the wrong CWhats the matter with you At 9：00 am.yesterday，bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上午9點(diǎn)，26路公交車正沿著中華路行駛，這時(shí)司機(jī)看到一位老人躺在路邊。(教材八下P3)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 英語(yǔ)中感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel 等后能接兩種形式的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但是會(huì)有區(qū)別。以see為例：(1)see sb.do sth.看見(jiàn)某人做了某事的全過(guò)程或發(fā)生過(guò)了。如： I saw some students smoke in the toilet.我看見(jiàn)有些學(xué)生在衛(wèi)生間里吸煙。(2)see sb.doing sth.看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事。如： I saw some students smoking when I went into the toilet.當(dāng)我走進(jìn)衛(wèi)生間的時(shí)候，我看見(jiàn)有些學(xué)生正在吸煙。1Did you see a boy _playing_(play) under the tree just now?( C )2.(xx銅仁中考改編)Listen！Who is singing in the next room?It must be Sally.I often hear her _ there.AsingingBto singCsing隨堂知識(shí)鞏固一、單項(xiàng)選擇。( C )1.(xx天津中考改編)She is too busy to help us finish the work.Lets do it _.Aherself Bmyself Courselves( C )2.(2019預(yù)測(cè))What do you volunteer to do for the Art Festival？【考點(diǎn)】I help to _ posters after school to let more people know it.Aput down Bput out Cput up( A )3.(xx湘西中考)Molly has changed so much！She _ be shy and quiet.【考點(diǎn)】Yeah.But now she _ speaking in front of class.Aused to；is used to Bis used to；used toCused to；used to( C )4.(xx十堰中考改編)A great person once said，“If you can follow your heart and never _，your dream will e true.”【考點(diǎn)】I think so.I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard.Agive away Bgive backCgive up( C )5.(xx東營(yíng)中考改編)Hi，Li Mei.How is your new school?Fantastic.We can choose the courses according to our_.I love operas，so I took the Beijing Opera class.Agrades Btalents Cinterests ( A )6.(xx蘇州中考改編)Im Daisy，not Jessie.【考點(diǎn)】Sorry，I have difficulty _ peoples names.Aremembering BrememberCto remember( C )7.(貴陽(yáng)中考)When Bob is upset or tired，he prefers edies that can _【考點(diǎn)】Alook it up Bclean them up Ccheer him up二、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或句意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(對(duì)應(yīng)P42“詞匯攻關(guān)”)1(xx安順中考)He left without_saying_(say) a word.2The_death_(die) of Stephen Hawking made people all over the world sad.3Jimmy often volunteers to fix up _broken_(break) puters for others.4The girl made a difficult_decision_(decide) to leave school to help her parents.5The boy spent much time_training_(train) his skills of listening.高頻話題寫作指導(dǎo)志愿者活動(dòng)話題解讀“志愿者活動(dòng)”屬于中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“社會(huì)行為”話題，這是以“學(xué)生參與社會(huì)活動(dòng)”為主題的書面表達(dá)。此類型話題可能涉及到的內(nèi)容有：看望孤寡老人；社會(huì)勞動(dòng)服務(wù)等等一系列的活動(dòng)。從命題角度上來(lái)看：學(xué)生可寫的內(nèi)容豐富，可以是某次社會(huì)活動(dòng)的計(jì)劃，也可以是回顧活動(dòng)內(nèi)容撰寫的日記，活動(dòng)倡議書等等。這類型的寫作能很好地考查學(xué)生對(duì)校園外、學(xué)習(xí)外的社會(huì)行為的認(rèn)知和看法。通過(guò)此類型文章的書寫，激發(fā)學(xué)生參與社會(huì)活動(dòng)的積極性，激發(fā)學(xué)生熱情向上的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)。從作文類型上來(lái)看：屬于記敘文類型的書面表達(dá)。可以以日記、倡議書、書信、新聞報(bào)道、征文等多種形式呈現(xiàn)。從作文內(nèi)容上來(lái)看：社會(huì)活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容是豐富的，可以是學(xué)雷鋒活動(dòng)，植樹(shù)活動(dòng)，幫助孤寡老人，志愿者活動(dòng)。如xx年貴陽(yáng)以參加“幫助別人，成長(zhǎng)自己”的志愿者活動(dòng)為背景，寫一封自薦信；xx年畢節(jié)A作文考查了學(xué)生去敬老院做志愿者活動(dòng)的短文續(xù)寫。通過(guò)敘述或計(jì)劃這些社會(huì)活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生從活動(dòng)中悟出人生的一些哲理，引發(fā)思考和共鳴，從而使主題得以升華。核心詞匯和句型1詞匯volunteer 志愿者poster 海報(bào)develop work ability 培養(yǎng)工作能力work as a guide 當(dāng)向?qū)ffer a chance 提供一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)introduce history介紹歷史take part in 參加meaningful 有意義的a sense of responsibility 責(zé)任感play a role 發(fā)揮作用；有影響pass on 傳遞be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)do some voluntary work 做一些志愿者工作2句型They made meaningful posters to help people know more about Guizhou Culture.他們制作了意義豐富的海報(bào)來(lái)幫助人們更多地了解貴州文化。It offered us students a good chance to develop abilities as well as open our eyes.它給我們學(xué)生提供了一次培養(yǎng)能力，開(kāi)闊眼界的機(jī)會(huì)。Holding such an activity is useful and helpful.舉行這樣的活動(dòng)是有用的。It is a good chance for us to develop not only a sense of responsibility but also our work ability.它不僅是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)我們責(zé)任感的好機(jī)會(huì)，也是培養(yǎng)我們工作能力的好機(jī)會(huì)。Although we were tired，we felt very happy because we did a meaningful thing.盡管很累，我們還是很開(kāi)心，因?yàn)槲覀冏隽艘患苡幸饬x的事情。Its an honor for me to bee a volunteer and work hard for this great event.能成為一名志愿者并為之努力奮斗是我的榮幸。 典例剖析(廣州中考改編)五四青年節(jié)那天，你參加了學(xué)校組織的志愿者活動(dòng)。你的英語(yǔ)老師要求你寫一則英文日記，包括以下要點(diǎn)： 1.時(shí)間：xx年5月4日； 2地點(diǎn)：廣東博物館； 3內(nèi)容：七年級(jí)學(xué)生：當(dāng)導(dǎo)游，帶參觀者到不同的展館；八年級(jí)學(xué)生：表演短劇，介紹廣州歷史；九年級(jí)學(xué)生：制作海報(bào)，幫助人們了解嶺南文化 ；4意義(活動(dòng)對(duì)你個(gè)人和社會(huì)的意義)。注意：1參考詞匯：展館display room，海報(bào)poster； 2.詞數(shù)80左右(日記的開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù))；3不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個(gè)人信息。Friday，May 4th，xx Dear Diary， I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today._【審題指導(dǎo)】細(xì)讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1本篇作文為記敘文，格式為日記。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：七年級(jí)學(xué)生：當(dāng)導(dǎo)游，帶參觀者到不同的展館；八年級(jí)學(xué)生：表演短劇，介紹廣州歷史；九年級(jí)學(xué)生：制作海報(bào)，幫助人們了解嶺南文化，這幾點(diǎn)一定不能漏寫；2日記的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候可以用到一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。人稱可根據(jù)表達(dá)需要，靈活選用。【寫作導(dǎo)圖】VoluntaryWorkWhen and whereMay 4th，xxGuangdong MuseumActivitiesstudents of Grade Sevenstudents of Grade Eightstudents of Grade NineThe significance ofvoluntary workuseful and helpful【參考范文】Friday,_May_4th，xxDear_Diary，I_went_to_the_Guangdong_Museum_with_my_schoolmates_to_do_some_voluntary_work_today.Now，let me tell you something about the activity. Students from three grades took part in it and played different roles.Students of Grade Seven worked as guides.They took visitors to different display rooms.Those of Grade Eight put on a short play，introducing the history of Guangzhou.As for students of Grade Nine，they made meaningful posters to help people know Lingnan Culture better. In my opinion，holding such an activity is useful and helpful.On the one hand，it is a good chance for us to develop not only a sense of responsibility but also our work ability.On the other hand，it helps the history and culture of Guangzhou to be known by more and more people.【名師點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文的亮點(diǎn)之處有：1.時(shí)態(tài)使用正確，文章主體用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；2.in my opinion，work as，as for等短語(yǔ)的靈活運(yùn)用，體現(xiàn)了作者豐富的語(yǔ)言積累和扎實(shí)的基本功；3.文章結(jié)尾處on the one hand，on the other hand的使用，明確指出了志愿者活動(dòng)的意義，升華了全文；4.整篇作文層次分明，內(nèi)容完整。自我測(cè)評(píng)為配合我市“創(chuàng)建文明城市”的活動(dòng)，全市需要一些志愿者參加該活動(dòng)。作為一名貴陽(yáng)的學(xué)生，你也想加入到該項(xiàng)志愿者活動(dòng)中。請(qǐng)以“What Should I Do to Build a Civilized City”為題，談?wù)勀隳転閯?chuàng)建文明城市做些什么。一、寫作要點(diǎn)提示1你想成為志愿者；2志愿者行為包括：美化環(huán)境、低碳出行等。二、參考詞匯交通工具transportation；空氣污染air pollution；有魅力的attractive三、寫作要求短文應(yīng)緊扣要點(diǎn)，但不要逐字翻譯，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使短文銜接、連貫，詞數(shù)控制在80100。_What_Should_I_Do_to_Build_a_Civilized_City_As_is_known_to_all，Guiyang_is_building_a_civilized_city.As_a_student_in_Guiyang，I_think_we_should_do_something_for_it.I_want_to_be_a_volunteer_to_help_clean_up_the_city_parks_and_streets.And_I_can_help_to_plant_more_trees.The_more_trees_we_plant，the_greener_our_city_will_be.As_for_transportation，I_will_ride_a_bicycle_instead_of_taking_a_bus.It_will_help_reduce_air_pollution._By_doing_these，I_believe_our_city_will_be_more_beautiful_and_attractive._