北京市2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解（1）.doc

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北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（一） 專題十八 閱讀理解 第1講 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 have to 必須，不得不 be designed for 為…而設(shè)計(jì) difficult adj. 困難的 n. difficulty experiment n. 試驗(yàn) cut…into… 把…切成… surprised adj. 驚訝的 look down upon 瞧不起 be punished for 因…而受懲罰 accept v. 接受 adj. acceptable search v. 搜尋，搜查 however conj. 然而 understand v. 理解 過去式：understood organize v. 組織 n. organization probably adv. 可能 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：所以對(duì)于左撇子來說使用大多數(shù)工具是困難的。 本句涉及高頻句型“It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth”，意為“對(duì)某人來說做某事是…”。 2. They conclude（得出結(jié)論） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：人習(xí)慣于使用左手和習(xí)慣于使用右手是同一個(gè)原因，即慣用左手的人和慣用右手的人一樣是普通人。 本句要首先判斷出conclude后面是一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中有包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾reason. 其次，在翻譯對(duì)字面含義的同時(shí)還要理解這句話的深層含義，即強(qiáng)調(diào)慣用左手的人和慣用右手的人都是普通人。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！保鶕?jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過定義或釋義說明來猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫作意圖 典題精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變。可以判定答案為Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 2 What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?（主旨大意題） A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 3 According to the passage, right-handers .（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear directions to others 4 From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 通篇尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 說明文 402 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Are You Right Handed or Left Handed? Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出結(jié)論） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes. However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming. Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（在視覺方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports. If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的說明文。主要闡述了慣用左手的人及慣用右手的人這兩類社會(huì)群體的特點(diǎn)，過去及現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)這兩類群體的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變，最后得出他們都是普通人這一觀點(diǎn)。 1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！?，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 解析：D. 段落主旨大意題。本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hanges in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 3. According to the passage, right-handers . A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear directions to others 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干詢問的是慣用右手的人的特點(diǎn)，因此可以將答案鎖定在第四段中。根據(jù)第四段中關(guān)鍵句Right-handers are good at organizing people, too.“慣用右手的人擅長(zhǎng)組織人們”可以推斷出他們是好的組織者。根據(jù)第五段Many left-handers learn better visually（在視覺方面）.可以判定A選項(xiàng)是左撇子的特點(diǎn)，故是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.可以判定C項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的；根據(jù)Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily.可以判斷出慣用右手的人有方向感，而不是給別人清晰的方向，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers . A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干詢問的是慣用左手的人的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)第四段中句子Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers.可以判定出talkative and outgoing是慣用右手的人的特點(diǎn)，故排除；根據(jù)最后一段中句子Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people.可判定出雙手都能靈活運(yùn)用的人記憶力更好，故排除C；根據(jù)第一段句子They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people.可知左撇子也不得不使用專為右手人設(shè)計(jì)的工具，故排除D。最后，根據(jù)第三段中They conclude（得出結(jié)論） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed.“人習(xí)慣于使用左手和習(xí)慣于使用右手是同一個(gè)原因，”即慣用左手的人和慣用右手的人一樣是普通人，故選B。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、3、4 推理判斷題 詞義猜測(cè)題 主旨大意題 2 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 必須，不得不 be designed for adj. 困難的 experiment n. cut…into… adj. 驚訝的 look down upon be punished for v. 接受 search v. conj. 然而 v. 理解 organize v. probably adv. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 所以對(duì)于左撇子來說使用大多數(shù)工具是困難的。 _____________________________________________. 2. 你不應(yīng)該因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人窮就看不起他。 ______________________________________________. 3. It is important that we try to be good at everything we do. ______________________________________________. 4. If you cut a cake into four parts all the same size, each part is one-fourth. ______________________________________________. 5. I shall be punished for being late this morning. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 說明文 364 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum. If you follow these steps below, youll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum. Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. Its easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit! Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as: ?The exhibits(展品)–See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time. ?The history of the museum –There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors(捐贈(zèng)者). That can make your visit more interesting. ?Activities –See whether there are talks, tours our special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups. ?Cost, food or shortage–Its important how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also need to find out transportation needs, as well as storage for coats, bags etc. Learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away something new from your visit. Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around, standing here and studying exhibits there, you may become very tired. So it is important to take breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in museum. Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else. You can talk over what you’re seeing. A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibit. 1. According to the passage, we should first ____. （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. do some research online B. make a plan for lunch C. decide on a museum to visit D. choose a friend to go with 2. To make our visit more interesting, we can____. （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. organize activities like special shows and talks B. read the stories about exhibits and benefactors C. learn about the interests of all age groups D. walk around the museum without breaks 3.If we visit a museum with friends, we can____. （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. share the experience with them B. come up with strange ideas C. cut down the cost of the visit D. discuss the next visit plan 4. What does the passage mainly talk about?（主旨大意題） A. What to do in a museum? B. When to visit a museum? C. Where to find a museum. D. How to enjoy a museum. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 have to 必須，不得不 be designed for 為…而設(shè)計(jì) difficult adj. 困難的 experiment n. 試驗(yàn) cut…into… 把…切成… surprised adj. 驚訝的 look down upon 瞧不起 be punished for 因…而受懲罰 accept v. 接受 search v. 搜尋，搜查 however conj. 然而 understand v. 理解 organize v. 組織 probably adv. 可能 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. 2. You shouldn’t look down upon him because he is poor. 3. 我們盡力擅長(zhǎng)我們所做的每件事是重要的。 4. 如果你把一塊蛋糕切成同樣大小的四部分，每部分就是四分之一。 5. 我將被懲罰因?yàn)榻裉煸绯窟t到了。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 allow v. 允許 bored adj. 無(wú)聊的 n. boredom develop v. 發(fā)展 n. development creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的 n. creativity adv. creatively importantly adv. 重要地 adj. important n. importance free adj. 自由的 adv. freely uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 opp. comfortable look out of… 從…朝外看 imagination n. 想象力 v. imagine from time to time 不時(shí)，有時(shí) 長(zhǎng)難句 ①Usually, when children have nothing to do, they would turn on the TV, the computer, or the phone. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：通常，當(dāng)孩子們沒什么事情做時(shí)，他們會(huì)打開電視，電腦或者手機(jī)。 本句是由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，來表示學(xué)生們打開電腦，電視或手機(jī)的時(shí)間，要注意翻譯順序。 ② Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：Perry用他喜歡的事填滿了他的空閑時(shí)間。 本句是由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做with的賓語(yǔ)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考察這些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, t