2019高考英語(yǔ)重難增分篇第四講定語(yǔ)從句課件新人教版.ppt

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第四講定語(yǔ)從句第一課時(shí)知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)課 1 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which who whom常可用that代替 關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略 2 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 或者當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those anyone everyone people he all few one s 等時(shí) 不能用that引導(dǎo) 3 以下情況下一般用that 1 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的all little few much any anything everything nothing none theone時(shí) 或先行詞被all little few much any every no等修飾時(shí) 2 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí) 或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞 包括last next 形容詞最高級(jí)及theonly thevery等修飾時(shí) 3 先行詞包括人和物時(shí) 4 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 原因 且只能是reason 等 且這些先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 就分別用when where why來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 另外 when where why一般可用 介詞 which 替代 其中reason后的why通常用forwhich替代 注意 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間 地點(diǎn)或原因的詞語(yǔ)時(shí) 不一定填關(guān)系副詞when where why 只有當(dāng)這些詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 才用關(guān)系副詞 否則要用關(guān)系代詞 5 當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分時(shí) 這類非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能由which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo) 兩者的區(qū)別在于 1 which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句后 而as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句前 中 后 2 which常譯作 這 而as常譯作 正如 且多與see expect imagine know hope等動(dòng)詞連用 3 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí) 若用as 其謂語(yǔ)部分一般有be 若謂語(yǔ)是不含be的行為動(dòng)詞時(shí) 要用which 4 as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只表示一個(gè)眾所周知或意料之中的事 而which不受此限制 5 as常用于固定搭配中 asisoftenthecase 這是常有的事 asweexpected 不出所料 asoftenhappens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 asisknowntoall 眾所周知 ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述 asismentionedabove 正如上面所提到的 等等 讀語(yǔ)篇 悟語(yǔ)法 反復(fù)朗讀下列短文 領(lǐng)悟畫(huà)線和黑體部分 思考 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞是如何確定 Itwasthesummerof2012 when 1 IcametoGuangningNo 1SeniorHighSchool Ourschoolisawonderfulplace where 2 Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare Ourclassroom theroofofwhich 3 lookslikearocketinthedistance islocatedinthecenterofourschool Themainreasonwhy 4 IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends Icangetalongwithmyclassmateshere twoofwhom 5 aremybestfriends Jack who 6 esfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool isveryactive Helikesvarious sports amongwhich 7 helikesrunningverymuch Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday which 8 makeshimlookstrong Nick whose 9 fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool studiesveryhard Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthat 10 weseeinourschool Nickprefersthefoodthat 11 ismadeinourcanteen Theteacherwhom 12 helikesisMr Zhang ourmathteacher whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher MissChen Tobehonest Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool 1 先行詞是thesummerof2012 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 用關(guān)系副詞when inwhich duringwhich 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 2 先行詞是awonderfulplace 在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 用關(guān)系副詞where atwhich 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 3 先行詞是Ourclassroom 直接在介詞of后作其賓語(yǔ) 先行詞是物時(shí) 只能用which theroofofwhich中的of表所屬關(guān)系 意為 我們教室的屋頂 4 先行詞是themainreason 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ) 只能用why引導(dǎo) 5 先行詞是myclassmates 直接在介詞of后作其賓語(yǔ) 先行詞是人時(shí) 只能用whom twoofwhom中的of表示部分與整體的關(guān)系 意為 我的同班同學(xué)中的兩個(gè)人 6 先行詞是Jack 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ) 用who引導(dǎo) 7 先行詞是varioussports 直接在介詞among后作賓語(yǔ) 只能用which 8 先行詞是Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday整個(gè)句子 并在從句中作主語(yǔ) 用which引導(dǎo) 9 先行詞是Nick 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) 表示Nick s 用whose引導(dǎo) 10 先行詞是thepeopleandthethings 既包括人又包括事物 通常只用that引導(dǎo) 11 先行詞是thefood 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ) 故用that或which引導(dǎo) 12 先行詞是theteacher 在定語(yǔ)從句中作likes的賓語(yǔ) 故用whom引導(dǎo) 單句填空 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1 Isthisthereason heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork 2 Isthisthereason hewassocarelessinhiswork 3 Thereason hedidn tewas hewasill 4 Helivesinavillage isnotfarfromthecity 5 Helivesinthevillage hewasborn that why why that which where 6 Apany profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad 7 Inanhour wetraveltoplaces wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed 8 Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren sPalace 9 Theplace hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren sPalace 10 I llneverforgetthedays westudiedtogether whose where which where when 單句改錯(cuò) 下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤 每處涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加 刪除或修改 請(qǐng)指出并改正 1 Therewasatimethathedidn tgetalongwellwithhisclassmates 2 Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestofthisyear 3 TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing thatismorethantwohundredkilometresaway 4 Thisisthebestmethodwhichhasbeenusedagainstpollution 5 Theschoolshop whichcustomersaremainlystudents isclosedfortheholidays that when who whom that which which that which whose 6 Whichisreportedinthenewspaper talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress 7 TheGreatWallwasbuiltinatimethatcountrieswereatwar 8 Shetoldhermothershewouldnotmarryanyonethatshedidn tlove 9 TheschoolwhichIstudiedwas3kilometersawayfrommyhome 10 Thereasonwhyhegavefornotingwasthathismotherdidn tallowhimto Which As that when that whom which where 在which前加上at why which that 語(yǔ)篇填空 在下面空格處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞 使結(jié)構(gòu)完整 語(yǔ)意通順 Therewasatime1 IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish Andthisisthereason2 myfatherforcedmetojoinina30 daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool WhenIfirstcametotheclub 3 Imetmanystrangers Imissedmyparentsverymuch SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome Fortunately myguide 4 teacherwasLiYang municatedwithmefacetoface from5 Igainedsomeusefulinstructions Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner andwegotalongwellwitheachother GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesof activities6 wedid Myfatherandtheguide7 encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish into8 Iputmyentireenergy EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions BeforeIgotosleep Iwillrecallmypassages through9 Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords 10 ourEnglishteachersays AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀 本文講述了作者參加的一次英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)的經(jīng)歷以及這次經(jīng)歷帶給他的對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變 1 when 先行詞是時(shí)間 并在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 2 why 先行詞reason表示原因 并在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ) 3 where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞club是一個(gè)地點(diǎn) 4 whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 并且在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) 意思是 他的老師是李陽(yáng) 5 whom 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和前面from可知填whom 6 that which 根據(jù)先行詞activities表示事情且在從句中作賓語(yǔ) 可知填that which 7 who that 從先行詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 who that作主語(yǔ) 8 which 根據(jù)前面的介詞into以及先行詞English可知 填which 9 which 根據(jù)前面的介詞through可知填which which在這里是指代前面整個(gè)句子 10 As 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 意思是 正如 第二課時(shí)高考研究課 定語(yǔ)從句在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 找 就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分 再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞 還 根據(jù)先行詞提示的意思 把定語(yǔ)從句還原為完整的一句話 可以添詞 替換 用關(guān)系詞替換定語(yǔ)從句中還原后添加的部分 作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞 作狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用where 原因狀語(yǔ)用why 同初中時(shí)做的 對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn) 相似 該用what的時(shí)候用which that即可 例如 Thisistheschool Ioncestudied Thisistheschool isthemostfamousinthecity Iamstudyingataschool myfatherteachesEnglish 找 略 還原 根據(jù)先行詞的提示 這三句話的定語(yǔ)從句還原成完整的一句話后分別為 Ioncestudiedattheschool Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool 黑體部分為根據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞還原后的部分 替換 根據(jù) 對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn) 的規(guī)則 和 用where 本該用what 在定語(yǔ)從句中該用what的要換為which that 因此 答案為 where that which where 1 Likeanything itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth isnotgoodforthehealth 2017 全國(guó)卷 2 ButSarah hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty 2017 全國(guó)卷 真題驗(yàn)證1 which which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 which在從句中作主語(yǔ) 指代前面主句的內(nèi)容 who 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞是Sarah 在從句中作主語(yǔ) 故關(guān)系代詞用who 3 Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden itremaineduntilthecarrot sleafytopaccidentallysprouted 生長(zhǎng) throughit 2017 浙江卷 4 SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius livedfromroughly551to479BC influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks 2016 全國(guó)卷 where 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞為thegarden 在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 故要用關(guān)系副詞where who 句中先行詞為thegreatChinesescholarConfucius 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ) 故填who 5 ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild 2016 全國(guó)卷 6 I dskippednearbyGuilin adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings 2015 全國(guó)卷 when 句中先行詞為themid 1980s 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 故填when that which 句中先行詞為thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ) 故填which that 7 Whenharvestcamearound hewasalreadysellingherbs vegetablesandcottoninthemarket peoplefromthetownsmetregularly 2015 廣東卷 8 Manyyoungpeople mostof werewell educated headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams 2016 江蘇卷改編 9 Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends 2015 安徽卷改編 where 句中先行詞為themarket 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 故填where whom 句中先行詞為manyyoungpeople 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ) 且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞of的賓語(yǔ) 故填whom which 句中先行詞為thefundamentalskill 定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ) 且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞on的賓語(yǔ) 故填which 第一步 判斷是否為定語(yǔ)從句 what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是?？键c(diǎn) 第二步 判斷是何種定語(yǔ)從句 that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是?？键c(diǎn) 第三步 分析關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作成分 關(guān)系詞混用是?？键c(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 定語(yǔ)從句在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn) 1 Intheirsparetime theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse 2017 全國(guó)卷 2 ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom sfavorite 2016 四川卷 3 Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 全國(guó)卷 真題驗(yàn)證2 that which 關(guān)系詞的混用 that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 故改為which what that which 或者去掉what 首先判斷dishes后面的從句為定語(yǔ)從句 what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 其次定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ) that which 關(guān)系詞的混用 that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 故改為which 第三課時(shí)寫(xiě)作增分課 定語(yǔ)從句在寫(xiě)作中的增分點(diǎn) 一 用as作關(guān)系代詞寫(xiě)句子1 起初 我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪 因?yàn)樗偸菃?wèn)一些沒(méi)人能回答的問(wèn)題 kindofodd suchquestionsas 2 他不是一個(gè)把今天能做的事拖到明天做的人 suchaman putoff tilltomorrow Atfirst IthoughtMr Liwaskindofodd becausehewasalwaysaskingsuchquestionsasnoonecouldanswer Heisn tsuchamanasputsoffwhathecandotodaytilltomorrow 3 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀一些使我們明智的書(shū) suchbooksas wiser 4 在我生日那天 我收到了像母親承諾的那樣好的一件禮物 receiveasgoodagift Weshouldreadsuchbooksasmakeuswiser Onmybirthday Ireceivedasgoodagiftasmymotherhadpromised 二 用as which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句寫(xiě)句子1 我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老人躺在馬路上 我乘出租車立即把他送到了醫(yī)院 這就是那天上午我遲到的原因 findsomebodydoing take to 2 正如一句諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō) AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy 如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的身體 一個(gè)人會(huì)一事無(wú)成 saying asoundbody achieve IfoundanoldmanlyingonthegroundandItookhimtohospitalinataxiimmediately whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning Asasayinggoes AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy Withoutasoundbody onecannotachieveanything 3 正如圖表所顯示的那樣 這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去兩年越來(lái)越糟 asisshowninthechart theairquality 4 在漢語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng) 這我做夢(mèng)也沒(méi)有想到 winthefirstprize Chinesespeechpetition beyondmywildestdreams Asisshowninthechart theairqualityofthecityhasbeeworseandworseinthepasttwoyears IwonthefirstprizeintheChineseSpeechCompetition whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams 三 使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句寫(xiě)高級(jí)句子1 我們的學(xué)校 位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角 有34年歷史 belocatedin haveahistoryof 2 我們學(xué)校里的老師 大多數(shù)都是三十多歲 把他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們 inone sthirties devoteoneselfto Ourschool whichislocatedinthenorthwestofNeixiang hasahistoryofthirty fouryears Theteachersofourschool mostofwhomareintheirthirties havedevotedthemselvestous 3 我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生 大多數(shù)都能用心學(xué)習(xí) themajorityof putone sheartinto 4 我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪 我相信 在這里 如果我們好好學(xué)習(xí)的話 一定會(huì)考上名牌大學(xué) beproudof thereisagoodchancethat beadmittedto Therearemorethan4 000studentsinourschool themajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudies Iamproudofourschool whereIamsureifwedoourbest thereisagoodchancethatwecanbeadmittedtothebestfamousuniversities 四 綜合運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)寫(xiě)句子1 但是 現(xiàn)在許多公司關(guān)心的卻是怎樣掙到更多的錢 不管環(huán)境受到怎樣的破壞 all careabout makemoney nomatterhowseriously 2 我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的那個(gè)小村莊了 那時(shí)到處都是破舊房子 人們食不果腹 thelittlevillage when oldhouses hardlyfeedthemselves However allthatmanypaniescareaboutishowtomakemoremoney nomatterhowseriouslytheenvironmentisdamaged Myhometownisn tthelittlevillagewhatitwastenyearsago whentherewereoldhouseseverywhereandpeoplecouldhardlyfeedthemselves 3 那個(gè)小學(xué)的許多學(xué)生 他們的父母在遙遠(yuǎn)的大城市打工 不得不由他們的祖父母照看 而他們的祖父母許多連自己都照顧不了 workasmigrantworkers betakencareof 4 他是那些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三次獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生 theonlyone winthefirstprize inarow Manystudentsoftheprimaryschool whoseparentsareworkingasmigrantworkersinbigcitiesfaraway havetobetakencareofbytheirgrandparents manyofwhomcanhardlytakecareofthemselves Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaswonthefirstprize for threetimesinarow 5 參觀你所在的城市是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷 一次我將永遠(yuǎn)珍惜的經(jīng)歷 visitingyourcity one valuefortherestofmylife Visitingyourcityisanunforgettableexperience oneIwillvaluefortherestofmylife