江蘇省徐州市高中英語 Unit3 Grammar and usage課件2 牛津譯林版必修3

Prepositions are words that are used before a noun or a noun phrase to show time, place, movement, etc. A preposition can also be used before a verb in the ing form.List all the prepositions in the story and think how they are used.My family will move to a new flat. We need a lot of new household appliances before we can move in. Last Saturday, we went to a department store. The household appliances section is on the fifth floor. We first bought a fridge and an electric rice cooker. My parents suggested we buy a microwave oven so that we can save a lot of time reheating food. Then we bought a washing machine. After that, a vacuum cleaner came into our package as it is useful for keeping our house clean. We had a tiring but happy day.My family will move to a new flat. We need a lot of new household appliances before we can move in. Last Saturday, we went to a department store. The household appliances section is on the fifth floor. We first bought a fridge and an electric rice cooker. My parents suggested we buy a microwave oven so that we can save a lot of time reheating food. Then we bought a washing machine. After that, a vacuum cleaner came into our package as it is useful for keeping our house clean. We had a tiring but happy day.Prepositions are used before a noun or a noun phrase. And when a verb is used after a preposition, it is usually used in its-ing form.Read the dialogue on Page 8 and fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.Answers(1) for (2) at (3) until (4) by (5) during (6) toPREPOSTIONSPrepostions of time at , in ,for,by, since,during, before,after, from, untilPrepostions of place at ,in,on,above,against,behind,between,under,oppostitePrepostions of movement Across, along, down, into ,off, over,round,through, uder, up表示時間的AT, IN, ON at表示片刻的時間，或者說時間點表示片刻的時間，或者說時間點at 8 oclock ，常用詞組有：，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。等。 in表示一段的時間，表示一段的時間，in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。等。 on總是跟日子有關(guān)，總是跟日子有關(guān)，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。等。表示時間的SINCE和FROM since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。時、將來時連用。如：如：I hope to do morning exercises from today.We have not seen each other since 1995.表示時間的IN和AFTER： 兩者都表示兩者都表示“在（某個時間）之后，區(qū)別在于在（某個時間）之后，區(qū)別在于in表示表示“在在（一段時間）之后（一段時間）之后”，而，而after則表示則表示“在（某一具體時在（某一具體時間點之后）間點之后）”，in短語和將來時態(tài)連用，短語和將來時態(tài)連用，after短語和過去短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。 如：如：Well be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. What shall we do after graduation?注意：注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過去時里）。去時里）。 如：如：After two months he returned.表示地理位置的IN, ON, TO in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China. Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.UNDER/OVER , BELOW/ABOVE below 是是on a lower level than 的的 意思意思, 表示在下方位置的某物表示在下方位置的某物. 不強調(diào)不強調(diào)直上直下直上直下, 反義詞是反義詞是above . under 有有directly below 的含義的含義, 表表示垂直在下方示垂直在下方, 反義詞是反義詞是: over.表示“穿過”的THROUGH和ACROSS through表示從內(nèi)部通過，與表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in 有關(guān)；有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與的通過，與on有關(guān)。有關(guān)。 over 指從一個物體的一邊到另一邊的越指從一個物體的一邊到另一邊的越過過 Water flows through the pipe. The old man walked across the street. TOWARD (S) , TO , FOR to 和和toward(s)用來表示靜態(tài)的方向用來表示靜態(tài)的方向, 可以換用可以換用, 但和表示但和表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞如位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞如: go , come, move, run, return, walk,等連用是等連用是, to 有到達之意有到達之意, 而而toward(s) 只表示運動方向只表示運動方向, 無到達之無到達之意意. for 一般用語動詞一般用語動詞leave , sail, start 及短語及短語set off, set out, start out, start off 等短語后表示方向等短語后表示方向.Read the dialogue on Page 8 and fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.Answers(1)for (2) at (3) until (2) (4) by (5) during (6) toPREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Prepositions with verbs Some verbs in English are paired with a particular preposition to create an expression. Each of these expressions has a particular meaning. run into 撞上撞上stay with 和某人呆在一起和某人呆在一起think about 考慮有關(guān)考慮有關(guān)write to 給某人寫信給某人寫信look for 尋找尋找wait for 等待等待take care of 照顧照顧call on（sb.）拜訪）拜訪arrive at（in）到達）到達 Prepositions with nounsPrepositions can also be combined with nouns, e.g. in time for, on time, by means of,by accident, for/on sale, in air, on the market, in that case, up to date at least 至少至少at present 目前目前at first 起初起初at once 立刻立刻at last 最后（終于）最后（終于）at night 夜晚夜晚on foot 步行步行on ones way 在去某地的路上在去某地的路上on the telephone 用電話用電話on time 準時準時Prepositions with adjectives Some prepositions can also be combined with adjectives, e. g. good at, capable of, fond of, full of, happy with be absent from 缺席缺席be proud of 以以為自豪為自豪be different from 和和不同不同be famous for 因因而著名而著名be fond of 愛好，喜歡愛好，喜歡be pleased with 樂于樂于be sorry for（sth.）為）為抱歉抱歉be afraid of 害怕害怕be kind to 對某人親切對某人親切be good at 在在做得好；擅長于做得好；擅長于be late for 遲到遲到Now, please complete the introduction to the digital camera on page 9. Further explanation of Prepositions:1. Prepositions of manner and means. The prepositions in (-manner/way), by , with , without , as or like can be used to refer to manner, meaning how one does something. Answers(1)on sale (2) up to date (3) capable of (4) stands for (5) satisfied with (6) on the market (7) In that case (8) in time for (9) up to (10) agree with 1. Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? The station? Take the second turningand. A. to left； then go straight on B. to the left； then go straight on C. to left； then go right forward D. to the left； then go right forward B。方位名詞前如果有介詞，要在名詞。方位名詞前如果有介詞，要在名詞前加前加the；后面的副詞；后面的副詞on表示表示“繼續(xù)繼續(xù)” 2. Ted has been absentclass for quite some time. A. for B. with C. of D. from D。be absent from是一個固定短語，是一個固定短語，意思是意思是“缺席缺席”。 3.Early the morning of May 1, we started offthe mountain village. A. in； for B. in； t? C. on； D. on； for D。表示在。表示在“某一天的早晨某一天的早晨”常說常說“on the morning of.”；后面用；后面用for表示去的目的地。表示去的目的地。 4. He divided the sweetsthe children who were divided three groups. A. in； in B. into； into C. between； in D. among； into D。介詞。介詞between指指“兩者之間兩者之間”；among用于用于“三者或三者以上之間三者或三者以上之間”。根。根據(jù)定語從句可知據(jù)定語從句可知children應(yīng)是三者以上。應(yīng)是三者以上。 5. He climbed silentlyseizing the thief. A. in the purpose；by surprise B. with purpose of；surprisingly C. with purpose of；surprisedly D. with the purpose of；by surprise D。with the purpose of是一個固定是一個固定詞組，意為詞組，意為“懷著懷著意圖意圖”；by surprise相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于suddenly。 6. hearing the good news, they jumped with joy. A. For B. To C. On D. At C。on (ones) doing意為意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)時時”，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：On (my) asking for information, I heard a loud noise outside. 7. The student, whom all the teachers are pleased,is very strict himself everything. A. to；with； in B. with；with；in C. with； at；with D. at；with；at B。表示。表示“對對感到滿意感到滿意”，用，用be pleased with。此句為定語從句；。此句為定語從句； 主句主句中用了中用了be strict with sb. in sth.句型。句型。 8. In Hangzhou Mr. Black was so struckthe beauty of nature that he stayedanother night. A. at； on B. with； at C. for； in D. by； for D?！癰e struck by”意為意為“被被迷住打動迷住打動”，stay for the night表示表示“留下來過夜留下來過夜”。 9. The old man died cold a cold night. A. from； at B. of； in C. of； on D. for； during C。die of用于疾病、情感、饑餓、寒冷等原用于疾病、情感、饑餓、寒冷等原因造成的死亡，因造成的死亡，die from指除了疾病、情感、指除了疾病、情感、饑餓、寒冷以外的原因造成的死亡，饑餓、寒冷以外的原因造成的死亡，on a cold night為特定時間。為特定時間。 10.the gate and youll find the entrancethe parkthe other side. A. Through；to；on B. Along； of；on C. Down；to；at D. Up；of；by A。through指指“從某事物的內(nèi)部空間穿從某事物的內(nèi)部空間穿過過”；entrance后習(xí)慣接后習(xí)慣接to；表示；表示“在在邊邊”用用on 11. If you keep on, youll succeed . A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time A。in time除平時熟悉的除平時熟悉的“及時及時”之意外，還有之意外，還有“遲早遲早”的意思，相的意思，相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于sooner or later。 12. Did you have trouble the post office? A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding D。have troubledifficulty in doing sth.with sth.是一個習(xí)慣用是一個習(xí)慣用法，表示法，表示“做某事吃力、費勁做某事吃力、費勁”。 13. Henry, Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit? Which is WRONG? A. together with B. like C. besides D. but in addition to D?！懊~介詞短語名詞介詞短語”作主語時，謂作主語時，謂語動詞要與前面的名詞保持一致。語動詞要與前面的名詞保持一致。D項項表達錯誤。表達錯誤。 14. He usually goes to work on time . A. except for raining days B. besides it rains C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days D。except后接動詞不定式可與后接動詞不定式可與but連連用，但用，但except后還可接后還可接that, when, where等從句或介詞短語，在表示對等從句或介詞短語，在表示對細節(jié)加以糾正之意時用細節(jié)加以糾正之意時用except for。 15. I made the coat my own hands. It was madehand, not with a machine. A. in； in B. in； with C. with； by D. with； with C?！坝墒止ぶ谱饔墒止ぶ谱鳌庇霉潭ㄔ~組用固定詞組with ones hands或或by hand。 Do grammar part on exercise book.