高一英語(yǔ)外研版 必修3 模塊4 動(dòng)詞不定式講解和練習(xí)題 教案

動(dòng)詞不定式是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成 (有時(shí)可以不帶to)。其否定形式是“not+動(dòng)詞不定式”(not不與助動(dòng)詞連用)。它屬于一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但它可以保留動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，其本身可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分稱為不定式短語(yǔ)）。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）的句法功能非常廣泛，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)等成分。一、作主語(yǔ) （1）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用單數(shù)。例如： To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我們的健康。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打掃地板是我的責(zé)任。（2）如果動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng)，常常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。例如： It took me half an hour to walk there我走到那兒花了半小時(shí)的時(shí)間。Its important for us to learn English well對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是重要的。二、作賓語(yǔ) （1）能夠接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的有（固定結(jié)構(gòu)） ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等動(dòng)詞，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等動(dòng)詞后面通常只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如： I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度訪問(wèn)此地。 She enjoys reading very much她非常喜歡讀書。The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機(jī)沒(méi)能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式與名等詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。例如： I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我認(rèn)為遵守法律是我們的義務(wù)。 I found it difficult to see him here. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在這里見到他是很難的。三、作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) （1）某些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)式中后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；在被動(dòng)式中，由于原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)，故原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish，invite等。例如：They told him not to be late again.他們告訴他不要再遲到了。He was told not to be late again. She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday昨天她請(qǐng)我一起進(jìn)餐。（2）在feel（一感），listen to，hear（二聽），let，make，have（三讓），look at，see，watch，notice（四看）等詞之后接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成過(guò)程；它們作被動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，to要補(bǔ)上。如：I heard her sing todayShe sang wonderfully今天我聽見她唱歌了，她唱得非常精彩。She was heard to sing today今天有人聽見她唱歌了。She is often heard to sing this song（by us）我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。四、作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，因此動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)往往用主動(dòng)式。例如： Come to see me again soon. 盡快再來(lái)看我。 I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。 You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使為了救自己也不能那樣做。 (2) only to doo sth. 與 only doing sth. 都可作表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)，區(qū)別是：only to do sth. 表示一個(gè)與主語(yǔ)愿望相反的或出乎主語(yǔ)意料的結(jié)果, 或用來(lái)暗示最初的未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作；only doing sth. 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身的動(dòng)作造成的結(jié)果。例如： I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,結(jié)果最后卻是失敗。 He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,只留下一身債五、作表語(yǔ) （1）動(dòng)詞不定式往往放在系動(dòng)詞be（，become, sound, taste 等系動(dòng)詞后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表語(yǔ)，表示將來(lái)的情況，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。例如： My wish is to become a teacher我的愿望是當(dāng)一名教師。Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打掃操場(chǎng)。 （2）如果系動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞。這時(shí)就要用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，而不用不定式。例如：He said that the story was interesting他說(shuō)這則故事很有趣。六、作定語(yǔ) （1）動(dòng)詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)，故動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用主動(dòng)式；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞不定式要用被動(dòng)式。例如： Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做嗎? I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。你有什么東西要捎去的嗎? （2）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果動(dòng)作已發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。例如： I have no pen to write with我沒(méi)有鋼筆寫字。The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那個(gè)人是李明。 七、和疑問(wèn)詞連用：不定式前可用what，who，which，where，when，how，why等疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，這種短語(yǔ)在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等成分。（1）作主語(yǔ)。例如：When to start has not been decided. 什么時(shí)候出發(fā)還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。（2）作表語(yǔ)。例如：The question is how to do the job well. 問(wèn)題是怎樣做好這項(xiàng)工作。（3）作賓語(yǔ)。例如：He told me where to find the book. 他告訴我了在哪找到這本書的。Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎樣踢足球嗎？八、不定式的被動(dòng)式典型例題 1) - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。 2） Paul doesn't have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過(guò)的時(shí)候，她假裝沒(méi)看見。 典型例題 1）Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth. 2) She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。 3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。 5) The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為be warned not to do。【詞條1】be caught in【課文原句】"To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,".(Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥】be caught in 此處意為"遭遇上"。如:I was caught in the downpour on the way home from school.【拓展】catch 構(gòu)成的常見短語(yǔ):1. catch sb doing 偶然發(fā)覺某人做某事。如:The teacher caught him sleeping in class.2. catch up with 趕上。如:Youll have to work harder to catch up with the top students. 【詞條2】take in,give out【課文原句】Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. (Page 35)【點(diǎn)撥1】take in 此處意為"吸收,吸入(空氣、水等)"。如:Take in a deep breath.【拓展】take in的常見意思還有:1. take in 把拿進(jìn)。如:Please take your clothes in in case it rains.2. take in 收容(留)某人住宿。如:The teacher took in several students. 【點(diǎn)撥2】give out 此處意為"放出,散發(fā)出", 多指氣味、熱量等的釋放。如:The rotating machine gave out a lot of heat.【拓展】give out的常見意思還有:1. 發(fā)(書、報(bào))等。如:The teacher gave out the exam papers.2. 用完,耗盡。如:After five months, their food supply finally gave out. 【詞條3】cut down,dig up【課文原句】This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up trees. (Page 32)【點(diǎn)撥1】cut down此處意為"砍倒"。如:They cut down many old trees and planted some young trees.【拓展】cut down還有"削減,刪減"的意思。如:Your article is too long, so please cut it down to 500 words.【點(diǎn)撥2】dig up此處意為"從地里挖出(某物)"。如:We dug up the tree by its roots.【拓展】dig up 還有"掘到,掘出"的意思。如:An old vase was dug up here last month.1，單項(xiàng)選擇題從A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)填入空白處1, I saw his name _ in larger letters. A. sign B. signing C. signed D. to sign2, _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree, _ out of her life. A.Seen; frightening B.Seeing;frightening C. To see; frightened D. Seeing; frightened3, He had no choice but _ till his mother came backA. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait4, The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterdayA. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed5, _ the service, the workers of this hotel are active in learning EnglishA. Improving B. Improve C. To improve D. Having improved6, It is said that the weather will _ hot for another three or four days . look B. last C. stay D. get7, The two drivers could do nothing but _ the truckA. take turns to drive B. drive my turns C. to take turns to drive D. to drive by turn8, The journey around the world took the old sailors nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which9, -Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? - _ , I love getting close to natureA. Couldnt agree more B. Im afraid not C. I believe not D. I dont think so10, Only ten workers _ escape from the terrible fire _ about 20 hoursA. could; last B. are able to; last C. were able to; lasting D. would; which lasted11, Put the flower in warm rooms so as to _ them _ the freezing coldA. stopped; from B. keeps; from C. protect; from D. rescue; from12, -Did you have a good sleep last night? -Yes, never sleep _A. badly B. better C. worse D. best13, Before _ was standing a terrible man; Miss Linda could do nothing_ immediately.A. she; but cry B. her; but cry C. she; but to cry D. her; but crying14, The wheat crop this year is not promising because the _ from frost is too greatA. damage B. loss C. destroy D. break15, Such _ the case, I couldnt help but _him.A. being; support B. is to support C. has been; supporting D be; supported從A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)填入空白處1, -How did your interview go? - I couldnt feel _ about it ! I seemed to find an answer for all of the questions.A. worse B. worst C. better D. best 2, The advertising program, tried in areas near Beijing, _ in a market rise in total production.A. got B. resulted C. affected D. made3, _ in the market, the thief was put into prison.A. Catching stealing B. Caught stealing C. Being caught to steal D. Be caught stealing4,- How many times have been to Beijing ? - Oh, at least four times, if _5, You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _ A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up6, He suggests a best way _ process from keeping_. A. preventing; raising B. to stop; rise C. to prevent; raising D. to stop; rising7, People _ young trees on the mountain.A. dont allow to cut down B. dont allow to keep awayC. are not allowed to keep away D. are not allowed to cut down8, When a fire happens, the electricity should _ first.A. be cut down B. cut down C. be cut off D. cut off9, -Are you satisfied with what he did? - No, It couldnt have been _A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worst10, In the villages, many of men have gone off to cities in search for higher pay, _but the aged and women stay at home.A. Not B. All C. None D. Neither11, _ the letter from her eldest sister, tears kept coming to her eyes.A. To read B. Reading C. While she was reading D. She was reading 12, -Could you tell me the way to the zoo? - Follow me, I happen _ there, too.A. to be going B. to go C. to have been D. to have gone13, -Thank you ever so much for your help. - _A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking C. You are too polite D. Think nothing of it14, Has the boy who was use of _ realized his mistakes?A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. steal15, Its only _ 20 minutes ride from here to _ Stone Company.A. a; the B. 不填； a C. 不填； the D. the ; a 2, 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)（動(dòng)詞不定式）1， For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only _ to come again the next day. A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. being told2, Im examining the composition she has just finished_ the possible mistake in it. A. correcting B. to correct C. making D. to make3, Dont be too rude to your father. Never in his life _ in that way. A. has he spoken to B. he has spoken toC. has he been spoken to D. he has been spoken 4, - Have you forgotten _ an umbrella from Betty? - Oh, yes. But Ill remember _ it to her tomorrow A. borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning5, -Do you watch TV in the evening? -Id rather read than watch TV, The programme seem _ all the time. A. to get worse B. to have got worse C. getting worse D. to be getting worse6, -Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country he studied in? - Yes, in Britain A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying7, -Will the Smiths go abroad this summer? -No, they finally decided _ A. to B. not going C. not go D. not to be going 8, His homework needs _, but it _. A. correcting; neednt writing B. correct; doesnt need writeC. to correct; neednt to be rewritten D. to be corrected; neednt be rewritten9, The horses ought _ hours ago by raisers. A. to have been fed B. to feed C. to be fed D. to have fed10, Dont take the medicine; it cant help _ rid of your cold. A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. gets11, I would love_ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12, -Have you any letters _, sir? -No, thanks. You may take a rest.A. to type B. to be typed C. to be typing D. typed13, There are five pairs _ but m at a loss which to buy.A. to choose from B. to be chosen C. to choose D. to choosing 14, Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to be expecting C. expects D. to expect15, The question _ next year has something important to do with our daily life.A. to discuss B. discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussed16, John was made _ the windows for a week as punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing17, Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. make herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard18, Kates mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. A . to find B. finding C. to be found D. being found 19, I _ you the exciting news, but you not at home. A. meant telling B. meant to tell C. meant tell D. meant to telling20, All she wanted to do when she got the first prize in the contest was _ thanks to her teachers and parents. A. say B. saying C. about to say D. saidKeys1, 1-5 CDCBC 6-10 CAAAC 11-15 CBBAA1, 1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DDCAC 11-15 CADCA2, 15 CBCAD 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 BBADC 1620 ADCAB