常見的及物動詞和不及物動詞區(qū)別.doc

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常見的及物動詞和不及物動詞區(qū)別 只要是動詞都有這么分的，標注vt的是及物動詞，標注vi的是不及物動詞。不及物動詞沒有被動態(tài)。 動詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞（transitive verb）、不及物動詞（intransitive verb），縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.。 英語動詞是句子的核心。它既決定著句子意思的表達同時又決定著句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。首先，要分清及物不及物動詞。 根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語，動詞可分為及物動詞（帶賓語）和不及物動詞（不帶賓語）。如： When will he arrive? 他什么時候到？（arrive 不帶賓語，為不及物動詞） He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。（reach 帶了賓語，為及物動詞） 動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況： a． 主要用作及物動詞。 及物動詞后面必須跟賓語。 可用于："主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"；"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補"結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He reached Paris the day before yesterday. They asked me to go fishing with them. 1) 及物動詞＋賓語例： I love my home. 我愛我家。 He bought an English dictionary. 他買了一本英語詞典。 2) 及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語例： She taught us maths. 她教我們數(shù)學(xué)。 My mother gave me a new pen. 母親給了我一支新鋼筆。 提示：常用的能接雙賓語的及物動詞有： give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b主要用作不及物的動詞。不及物動詞后面不跟賓語。只能用與："主＋謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。 不及物動詞不需要跟賓語，本身意義完整。 例： She came last week. 她上周來的。 It is raining hard. 正下著大雨。 Class began at half past seven. 7點半開始上課。 What happened yesterday? 昨天發(fā)生了什么事？ This is the room where i once lived. 類似的還有： agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeedappear get feel, keep makeproveremain restrise seem standstay turn turn out, wait, cry, smile, laugh, stop, rain, snow c. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義不變。 如begin 都是作"開始"講。 Everybody, our game begins. let us begin our game. She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物動詞。） 　　 She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物動詞。） The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。（不及物用法） The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。（及物用法） He is writing. 他在寫字。（不及物用法） He is writing a letter. 他在寫信。（及物用法） The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。（不及物用法） The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜志。（及物用法） 類似的有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義完全不同。 這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義；而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。 如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。 We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. lift作及物動詞時是"升高；舉起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有：beat vi.跳動 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長 vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出（氣味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說（語言） hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動手術(shù) vt. 操作 20個常見的不及物動詞短語 1.break down (stop functioning 壞了，不好使了) That old jeep had a tendency to break down just when i needed it the most. 2.catch on (become popular 出名) Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward. 3. come back ( return to a place 返回) Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible place. 4. come in ( enter進入) They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked. 5.come to ( regain consciousness恢復(fù)意識) He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again. 6.come over (to visit訪問) The children promised to come over, but they never do. 7.drop by (visit without appointment 順便拜訪) we used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that. 8.eat out (dine in a restaurant 外出吃飯) When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes. 9. get by ( survive湊合，過得去) Uncle Heine didnt have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives. 10.get up ( arise起床) Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldnt make it on her own. 11. go back ( return to a place 回到) Its hard to imagine that we will never go back to our homeland. 12.go on ( continue繼續(xù) ) He would finish one dickens novel and then just go on to the next. 13. go on (2) ( happen發(fā)生 ) The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what was going on. 14. grow up ( get older變老 ) Charles grew up to be a lot like his father. 15.keep away ( remain at a distance保持距離 ) The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victims home. 16. keep on (+動名稱) ( continue with the same繼續(xù)保持) He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined. 17. pass out ( lose consciousness, faint昏過去，暈) He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar. 18. show off ( demonstrate haughtily 炫耀) Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off. 19. show up( arrive到達，出現(xiàn)) It was ten oclock when he finally showed up. 20. wake up (arouse from sleep醒來) I woke up when the rooster crowed. 21.take place 發(fā)生 In 1919,the may 4th movement took place in china. 22.come out出版，出來， Is the new edition of the book coming out? 23.come true 實現(xiàn) Your wish will one day come true . 您的愿望總有一天會實現(xiàn)的。 24 run out 用光 ，耗盡 Do your homework before you run out of time far away與far from區(qū)別 far away 用作表語或狀語,away可以省去,因此,far away = far ; far away from = far from far （away） 后不接賓語；far （away） from 后一定要接賓語. The do not live far away. 他們住得并不遠． far from除了表示距離的”遠離”之外,還有”遠遠不,完全不,決非”之意,后接名詞,動名詞或形容詞． Far from reading his letter,she didnt openit. 別說看他的信了,她連信都沒打開． He is far from (being)rich. 他一點也不富有． 至于away from 與far from的區(qū)別主要在于far與away的區(qū)別： far是表示較籠統(tǒng)、模糊概念的“遠”,而away是表示具體的“遠”.如：very far很遠；quite far相當遠； 500 meters away 500米遠； 2 kilometers away 2公里遠 e.g.My home is very far from the hospital. My home is 20 kilometers away from the hospital. very much,very well,very nice,very good的區(qū)別 very nice=very good,都是表示“非常好!”用來修飾名詞.例如：The weather is very nice/good. very much表示“非常,”是副詞短語,用來修飾動詞和形容詞.例如：Thank you very much. very well表示“非常好”,它有兩個用途：1.表示人的身體很好,是形容詞性短語,只限于表示人的身體好.例如：My mother is very well.我媽媽身體很好；2.表示“很好地”,相當于一個副詞,用來修飾動詞和形容詞.例如：She plays the piano very well.她的鋼琴彈得很好. 修飾比較級用much 或a little 等 better是比較級,前面可加 much 修飾,表示 “好的多” more better就是比較級重復(fù)了.多了個more,因此也沒有much more better