外文翻譯--自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

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1、自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要：基于自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的功能要求，介紹了用單片機(jī)ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２和鍵盤／顯示管理芯片ＨＤ７２７９Ａ設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)的硬件控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法，給出了用ＨＤ７２７９控制鍵盤和顯示的硬件電路，同時(shí)給出了系統(tǒng)軟件和功能軟件模塊的流程圖。該系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)調(diào)試，可有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)洗碗機(jī)的自動(dòng)控制，完成自動(dòng)進(jìn)水、加溫、清洗、消毒等功能。 關(guān)鍵詞：洗碗機(jī)；控制器；鍵盤／顯示 １　引言 隨著數(shù)字信息家用電器應(yīng)用的普及，洗碗機(jī)已經(jīng)廣泛進(jìn)入人民大眾的家庭之中，從而使得人們能夠從繁雜的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)中逐步解放出來。作為一種家庭自動(dòng)化設(shè)備，洗碗機(jī)一般需要實(shí)現(xiàn)諸如自動(dòng)控制進(jìn)水、自動(dòng)加洗滌劑、冷洗、自

2、動(dòng)加溫洗、清洗、排水、殺菌消毒，以及定時(shí)和故障報(bào)警等功能。從被控制量角度出發(fā)，一個(gè)洗碗機(jī)通常需要滿足圖１所示的一些具體要求，其中涉及的開關(guān)量信號(hào)有兩種，一種是傳感器的高、低電平信號(hào)檢測(cè)，如機(jī)門開關(guān)、水位高低、溫度調(diào)節(jié)保護(hù)器和行程開關(guān)等；另一種開關(guān)信號(hào)經(jīng)由固態(tài)繼電器控制強(qiáng)弱電壓信號(hào)的斷開和加載，如進(jìn)水電磁閥門的開合、恒溫加熱器的開合、瞬間加熱器的開合、清潔劑控制盒和消毒劑控制盒的工作等。圖１中所涉及的模擬量信號(hào)主要用于實(shí)現(xiàn)以下幾方面的功能： （１）用溫度傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)水溫／消毒水溫度檢測(cè)； （２）通過人機(jī)接口的顯示輸出、鍵盤輸入和聲音輸出等實(shí)現(xiàn)水溫顯示、洗滌過程顯示以及故障類型顯示等； （３）

3、根據(jù)用戶需要通過設(shè)置鍵選擇洗滌模式，并通過功能鍵啟動(dòng)相關(guān)功能； （４）機(jī)器使用情況統(tǒng)計(jì)、清潔劑和消毒劑劑量的使用情況計(jì)數(shù)等； （５）故障報(bào)警以及、洗滌完成報(bào)告等。 ２ 洗碗機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì) 針對(duì)上述功能及可靠性、成本和方便使用維護(hù)等因素，筆者設(shè)計(jì)了圖２所示的洗碗機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)。 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)采用與ＭＣＳ－５１兼容的ＡＴ-ＭＥＬ公司低功耗高性能ＣＭＯＳ芯片ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２設(shè)計(jì)，其中片內(nèi)８ｋ字節(jié)在線可編程閃存用以存放系統(tǒng)程序，可通過ＳＰＩ接口來下載程序；而２ｋ字節(jié)的ＥＥＰＲＯＭ則用以存放關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，如開機(jī)維護(hù)密碼、產(chǎn)品的序列號(hào)、開機(jī)次數(shù)、洗滌設(shè)置參數(shù)等；２５６字節(jié)的ＲＡＭ用來存放臨時(shí)

4、變量。 鑒于本洗碗機(jī)有較多的開關(guān)量信號(hào)，故此，設(shè)計(jì)中使用并行芯片８２５５來擴(kuò)展Ｉ／Ｏ接口，以配合Ｐ１和Ｐ３口部分管腳的使用，其輸出和輸入的比例為２１／１４，其中蜂鳴器由Ｐ１．３控制。從可靠性角度出發(fā)，輸入和輸出部分都采用光電隔離措施?？紤]到部分驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)所要求的驅(qū)動(dòng)電流較大，因此，本設(shè)計(jì)選用功率驅(qū)動(dòng)器件ＵＬＮ２８０３來驅(qū)動(dòng)。 溫度采集有兩種方案：一是使用熱敏電阻配合芯片ＭＡＸ１５０進(jìn)行ＡＤ轉(zhuǎn)換，然后通過存放在程序存儲(chǔ)器里的表格來求得當(dāng)前溫度；二是使用三端溫度傳感器ＤＳ１８Ｂ２０進(jìn)行采集，直接得到溫度數(shù)據(jù)。相比之下，后一種方案較為經(jīng)濟(jì)簡(jiǎn)捷。 鍵盤和ＬＥＤ顯示選用ＨＤ７２７９Ａ３來進(jìn)行控制

5、，其電路圖如圖３所示。ＨＤ７２７９Ａ無需外圍元件即可直接驅(qū)動(dòng)８位共陰式ＬＥＤ數(shù)碼管；引腳ＤＩＧ０～３對(duì)應(yīng)０～３位數(shù)字輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)；引腳ＳＡ～ＳＧ和ＤＰ則對(duì)應(yīng)于段ａ～ｇ及小數(shù)點(diǎn)的驅(qū)動(dòng)輸出；各位可獨(dú)立控制譯碼／不譯碼及消隱和閃爍等屬性。 該芯片共有三種類型的指令：第一種是６條不帶數(shù)據(jù)的８位純指令，如復(fù)位、測(cè)試、左／右（循環(huán)）移位等；第二種是７條１６位帶數(shù)據(jù)指令，包括下載數(shù)據(jù)按方式０／１譯碼、下載不譯碼、閃爍、消隱、段點(diǎn)亮、關(guān)閉等；第三種是讀取鍵盤數(shù)據(jù)指令。它們均采用串行方式與ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２進(jìn)行通訊，串行數(shù)據(jù)從ＤＡＴＡ引腳送入芯片并由ＣＬＫ端同步。當(dāng)片選信號(hào)ＣＳ變?yōu)榈碗娖胶螅模粒裕烈_上的

6、數(shù)據(jù)將在ＣＬＫ引腳的上升沿時(shí)被寫入ＨＤ７２７９Ａ的緩沖寄存器。 此外，ＨＤ７２７９Ａ片內(nèi)含有去抖動(dòng)電路，可控制６４鍵鍵盤矩陣。圖３中，元件ＪＫＥＹ為４×４鍵盤接口，當(dāng)有鍵按下時(shí)，ＫＥＹ引腳輸出低電平，發(fā)光二極管ＬＥＤ１發(fā)亮，該狀態(tài)一直保持到按鍵松開。此時(shí)如果接收到“讀鍵盤”指令１５Ｈ，在指令前半段，ＤＡＴＡ引腳將處于高阻狀態(tài)以接受來自微處理器的指令。而在指令后半段，ＤＡＴＡ引腳則從輸入狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為輸出狀態(tài)，用以輸出所按下的鍵代碼值。 ３　洗碗機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 本系統(tǒng)功能模塊按洗碗過程可分為六個(gè)階段：進(jìn)水過程、加溫過程、注入清潔劑過程、控制電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)清洗過程、注入消毒水消毒過程和排水過程。

7、同時(shí)為確保洗碗機(jī)正常工作，對(duì)容易出故障的過程，系統(tǒng)還設(shè)置了故障報(bào)警或停機(jī)功能。系統(tǒng)軟件可按照洗碗機(jī)的工作流程進(jìn)行編寫。主要的軟件模塊有開機(jī)自檢、狀態(tài)初始化、顯示當(dāng)前默認(rèn)狀態(tài)，進(jìn)入鍵盤掃描狀態(tài)并等待操作鍵按下，以及根據(jù)操作鍵轉(zhuǎn)入相應(yīng)流程等，其主程序流程見圖４所示。 ??? 用戶使用前，應(yīng)首先檢查洗碗機(jī)狀態(tài)是否正常，若狀態(tài)正常，按下弱電源開關(guān)，根據(jù)洗滌要求設(shè)置洗滌模式（或使用默認(rèn)方式），將碗放入清洗室，然后關(guān)上機(jī)門，按下開始鍵。之后，控制器檢測(cè)水位高低和水溫，以決定是否進(jìn)水與恒溫加熱，至此準(zhǔn)備工作完成，啟動(dòng)電機(jī)進(jìn)行清洗。接下來再把清潔劑注入清洗室，同時(shí)檢測(cè)水位高低，若水位較低，則立即進(jìn)水

8、，以保證清洗效果。清洗完成后，等碗上的水空一段時(shí)間后，洗碗機(jī)再注入高溫消毒水進(jìn)行消毒。洗滌完成后，蜂鳴器鳴叫，表明洗滌完成，同時(shí)控制器回到用戶初始設(shè)置模式。洗滌中每一過程和按鍵均對(duì)應(yīng)有一發(fā)光二極管的亮滅，用以顯示過程和按鍵的正常與否。洗滌完成后，用戶打開機(jī)門，取出碗盤，然后斷電即可結(jié)束整個(gè)洗碗過程。 在該系統(tǒng)軟件子程序中，需要對(duì)鍵盤／顯示管理模塊進(jìn)行說明，包括初始化子程序、發(fā)送子程序、接收子程序、中斷子程序、顯示子程序等。其中用戶通過鍵盤設(shè)置模塊可以設(shè)定洗滌模式、每一過程的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短以及洗滌劑量大小，也可隨時(shí)按相應(yīng)的功能鍵暫停或中止洗滌過程。技術(shù)維護(hù)人員可以通過鍵盤／顯示管理模塊輸入正確密碼來

9、查詢機(jī)器的使用狀況，如機(jī)器序列號(hào)、機(jī)器的使用次數(shù)等，也可對(duì)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行設(shè)置。 ? 故障報(bào)警功能模塊可在工作電壓故障、進(jìn)水閥故障、加熱器故障、電機(jī)故障、清潔劑注入故障以及高溫消毒水注入故障發(fā)生時(shí)用蜂鳴器報(bào)警，同時(shí)斷掉強(qiáng)電控制信號(hào)，以確保系統(tǒng)安全。 ４　結(jié)論 該控制系統(tǒng)目前已經(jīng)調(diào)試成功，試驗(yàn)性能良好，可實(shí)現(xiàn)本自動(dòng)洗碗機(jī)所要求的功能，而且簡(jiǎn)捷實(shí)用。但還有需要完善提高的地方，如排水需要人工干預(yù)、人機(jī)接口可考慮選用效果更好的字符或圖形ＬＣＤ、系統(tǒng)集成度有待提高等。 Automatic dishwasher Control System Design Abstract:

10、 Based on the functional requirements of the automatic dishwasher, introduced by SCM AT89LS8252 and keyboard / display management chip designed automatic dishwasher HD7279A hardware control system design methods, using HD7279 is given control of the keyboard and display hardware circuit, while the s

11、ystem is functional software modules and software flow chart. After debugging test of the system, which can effectively achieve the control dishwasher complete automatic water, heating, cleaning and disinfection, and other functions. ???? Key words: dishwashers; controller; keyboard / display

12、1 Introduction As digital application of information appliances, dishwashers have broad access to masses of people in the family, so that people can work from home in the complex gradually liberated. MCU Sensor-Menci Magnetic water level sensor Influent solenoid valve Te

13、mperature Control Protector Switch 5 kw heater thermostat Cleaning agents control box Cleaning agents control box Electric motors Transmission trip switch 2 Analog Xiaodai

14、shui temperature Counter Display Interface Man-machine interface Keyboard Interface Ringing Interface Figure 1 Control of the dishwasher As a home automation equipment, such as dishwas

15、hers generally need to achieve automatic control influent, automatic detergent, cold wash, automatic temperature washing, cleaning, drainage, Disinfection, and the timing and fault alarm functions. From the point of view of control, a dishwasher usually need to meet Figure 1 shows some of the specif

16、ic requirements, which involves the switching of signals there are two kinds of sensors is high, low signal detection, such as doors Switch , the water level and temperature regulation for the protection of trip switches, etc.; another solid-state relay switching control signals by the strength of t

17、he signal voltage disconnect and loading, such as electromagnetic inlet valve opening and closing, opening and closing the heater thermostat , and instantly the heater to create a control box cleaning agents and disinfectants control box, and so on. Figure 1 in the analog signal used to achieve the

18、following major aspects of functions: (1) Temperature Sensor temperature / Xiaodaishui temperature detection; (2) through the man-machine interface display, keyboard input and output, such as voice achieve temperature, washing process shows that the fault type and display; (3) According to use

19、r needs by setting button to select washing mode, and through function keys launch-related functional; (4) the use of statistical machine, cleaning agents and the use of disinfectants dose counting; (5) Failure Alarm, as well as, washing complete the report. 2 dishwashers control system hardwa

20、re design To address the above function and reliability, cost and ease of use factors such as maintenance, and the author of the design shown in Figure 2 dishwashers control system. SCM system is the smallest and MCS-51 compatible with the AT-MEL companies low-power high-performance CMOS chip de

21、sign AT89LS8252, k-chip 8-byte programmable flash memory storage system for the procedures to be adopted by the SPI interface download programs; and 2 k bytes of EEPROM is used to store key parameters, such as the boot password maintenance, product serial number, the number of boot, washing setting

22、parameters; 256 bytes of RAM used to store temporary variables. In view of the dishwashers have more of the switching signal, therefore, the use of parallel design chips 8255 to expand the I / O interface, and to meet some of P1 and P3 I pin the use of its input and output ratio of 21 / 14, which

23、buzzer from P1.3 control. From the reliability point of view, part of the input and output using photoelectric isolation measures. Consider that part of the drive signal required by the larger drive current, therefore, the design uses power-driven devices ULN2803 to drive. There are two temperatur

24、e acquisition programme: First, the use of thermal resistance with a MAX150 chip AD converter, and then deposited in the program memory in the form to achieve the current temperature; Second, the use of three-DS18B20 temperature sensor for acquisition, direct access to the temperature data . In cont

25、rast, after a simple programme more economical. LED display and keyboard use HD7279A  3  to control, the circuit shown in Figure 3. HD7279A without external components can directly drive a total of eight vaginal LED digital pipe; corresponding pin DIG0 ~ 0 ~ 3 digital output driver; pin SA ~ SG

26、and DP is a paragraph corresponding to ~ g and the decimal point drive output can be independently controlled to decode / decoding and attributes such as blanking and scintillation. PO Bus Driver74LS245 DB 8255 Switch output

27、CB Buzzer Address buffer74LS573 AB Switch Input CPU AT89LS8252 Y8255 DB P2 Address decoding74LS138 YMAX150 AD samplingMAX150

28、 CB Minimum System CB Read / write control Keyboard and Four 8-segment LED circuit continuity display management 4*4 keyboard P1 Figure 2 controller hardware structure The chip there are three types of instructi

29、on: The first one is without six of the eight data-orders, such as reduction, testing, left / right (cycle) and transposition; second is the 7 with 16 orders data , including downloading data by means 0 / 1 decoder, download not decoding, scintillation, blanking, paragraph lit, closed; third keyboar

30、d data is read instructions. Serial way they are used to communicate with AT89LS8252, DATA-pin serial data from the chip into by the CLK-synchronization. When the chip-select signal CS into low, the data on DATA-pin will be in the CLK pin at the rising edge of the buffer HD7279A was written into the

31、 register. In addition, the chip contains HD7279A to jitter circuitry, which can be controlled 64 key keyboard matrix. Figure 2, components for the 4 × 4 JKEY keyboard interface, when a key is pressed, the output pin LOW KEY, LED1 bright light-emitting diodes, the state has been key to the release

32、. If at this time to receive the "Reading keyboard" commands 15 H, in the first half of the directive, DATA pin will be in a high-impedance state to receive instructions from the microprocessor. In the latter half of the directive, the DATA input pins from state to state output for the output value

33、of the code by pressing the button. 3 dishwasher Control System Software Design Functional modules of the system by washing process can be divided into six stages: influent process, process heating, cleaning agents into the process, control motor rotating cleaning process, injected Xiaodaishui d

34、isinfection process and the drainage process. Dishwasher at the same time to ensure that the normal work of the process vulnerable to failure, the system also set up a fault alarm or shutdown feature. Dishwashers system software in accordance with the preparation of the work processes. The main soft

35、ware modules with power-on self test, state initialization, display the current default state, the state entered the keyboard scan button and wait for the press operation, as well as operating under the corresponding key into the process, and its main program flow as shown in Figure 3. ???? Us

36、ers, dishwashers state should first check whether it is normal, if normal, press the power switch weak, according to wash requested washing mode (or use the default mode), Add to bowl cleaning room, and then close the doors, press start button. , The controller of water level and water temperature,

37、to determine whether the water temperature and heating, bringing the preparatory work completed, motor start cleaning. Next then cleaning agent into the washing room, high and low level detection at the same time, if the lower water level, water immediately, in order to ensure cleaning effect. Upon

38、completion of cleaning, such as a bowl of water on the air after a period of time, dishwasher temperature to be injected Xiaodaishui were disinfected. Upon completion of washing, buzzer call that washing completed on time and the initial controller settings to user mode. In the washing process and t

39、he keys were each corresponding to one of the bright light-emitting diodes eliminate, the process and to indicate whether or not the normal keys. Washing completed, the user opens doors, remove dishes, and then power to end the entire washing process. In the system software subroutine, the need fo

40、r keyboard / display module for the management, including the initialization subroutine, sent subroutine, receiving subroutine, interrupt subroutine, such as display subroutine. Keyboard settings through which users can be set washing mode modules, each process and the length of time washing dose, a

41、nd may at any time by the corresponding button suspended or terminated washing process. Technical maintenance staff through keyboard / display module for entering the correct password to the use of machinery such as machine serial number, frequency of the use of machines, but also on the key paramet

42、ers set according to the actual situation. Start Power-on self test state initialization / Display N Check whether there is a bond? Y Judge keys Set bond / Display Function k

43、eys Whether the closed doors? N Not influent Heating temperature Y Thermostat Temperature / Display Y Whether the low water level? N N Water temperature set to meet?

44、 Influent / Display Water enough, commissioner influent Completion of the preparatory work at home signs Delay ready to start second grade dishwasher Injection cleaning agent Electric rotation began cleaning / Display Time to disconne

45、ct Time to stop motor Instantaneous heating 5 ~ 6 seconds High-temperature injection Xiaodaishui Narcotics / Display Finished washing dishes, Stop re

46、lated functions, Related signs removed Figure 3 dishwasher Software Process ?? Failure Alarm function module voltage fault in the workplace, into the valve failure, heater failure, electrical failure, cleaning agents injected into the fault and the fau

47、lt Xiaodaishui temperature when used buzzer alarm, at the same time, cut-control signals, in order to ensure system security. 4 Conclusion The control system has been successfully debugging, testing good performance can be realized by the automatic dishwasher required functions, and simple practical. But there are areas which require improvement, such as the drainage need manual intervention, man-machine interface can be considered more effective use of the characters or graphics LCD, the system needs to be raised, such as integration.