牛津英語(yǔ)7B Unit 1-8語(yǔ)法匯總及練習(xí)(含答案)

牛津英語(yǔ)7B unit1-8語(yǔ)法匯總及練習(xí)Unit1基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞一表示數(shù)量或數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫做基數(shù)詞，可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。A、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成（1）0-12獨(dú)立成詞，一個(gè)一個(gè)單獨(dú)記。zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve（2）1319teen來(lái)結(jié)尾，13.15和18，需要特殊記。thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen（3）幾十以后+ty。特別注意20,30,40,50,80.的變化。twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety（4）幾十幾的情況，先說(shuō)“幾十”，再說(shuō)“幾”，中間加連字符。twenty-one(21) thirty-two(32) forty-three(43) fifty-four(54) sixty-five(65) （5）幾百幾十幾的情況，先說(shuō)幾百注意“百”不能加s,百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)中間用and連接。one hundred and twenty-one(121) four hundred and fifty-six(456) （6）1,000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加“，”，第一個(gè)“，”前為thousand，第二個(gè)“，”，前為million，然后一節(jié)一節(jié)的表示。five million one hundred and twenty-three thousand four hundred and fifty-six(5,123,456)注意：英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”和“億”這兩個(gè)單位，只有“百萬(wàn)（million）”和“十億（billion）”；因此“一萬(wàn)”是用10個(gè)千，也就是“ten thousand”來(lái)表示的，“一億”是用“one hundred million”來(lái)表示的。B、基數(shù)詞的記憶口訣基數(shù)詞，不難記，找出規(guī)律很容易：零至十二形各異，一個(gè)一個(gè)單獨(dú)記。后加-teen為“十幾”，thirteen，fifteen看仔細(xì)，eighteen只有一個(gè)t。表示“幾十”要加-ty，twenty，thirty是特例；forty，fifty更厲害，和eighty一起搞例外。表示數(shù)字“幾十幾”，連字符號(hào)要切記。要表“幾百幾”，and 常把百、十系；還有一點(diǎn)需注意，“幾百”后別把-s立。C、 基數(shù)詞的主要用法(1)與可數(shù)名詞連用，表示數(shù)量、重量、距離、價(jià)格等。He has four dogs.他有四只小狗。The school is three kilometers from my home.學(xué)校離我家三千米遠(yuǎn)。These oranges are 3 dollars.這些橙子共3美元。(2)表示年份 1758年 讀作：seventeen fifty-eight(3)表示年齡 The girl is fourteen.這女孩14歲。注意：ten-year-old girl 10歲的女孩 ，基數(shù)詞-year-old作形容詞，修飾名詞(4)表示加減法，用基數(shù)詞Five plus ten is fifteen.5加10等于15。(5) 基數(shù)詞可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間。例如：7:30 seven thirty / half past seven6:45 six forty-five / a quarter to seven 8:00 eight oclock(6)基數(shù)詞可以用來(lái)表示事物的編號(hào)。例如：第209房間 Room 209 第三部分 Section 3/Part 3南京路308號(hào) 308 Nanjing Road 電話號(hào)碼3698688 TEL 3698688(7)two hundred students基數(shù)詞百/千/百萬(wàn)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) hundreds of students 百/千/百萬(wàn)sof可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) (8)翻到多少頁(yè)是page+基數(shù)詞二、表示事物順序的數(shù)詞叫做序數(shù)詞，作用相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。A、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成（1） 一般在基數(shù)詞后加thfourfourth，thirteenthirteenth（2） 不規(guī)則變化 onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth， nineninth，twelvetwelfih（3） 以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加th twentytwentieth， fortyfortieth， ninetyninetieth（4） 從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)?序數(shù)詞。twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth注意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，序數(shù)詞前要有定冠詞the，也可以是形容詞性物主代詞my, your等。B、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾加上th一、二、三特殊記，結(jié)尾字母t,d,d（first second third）八去t九去e（eighth ninth），ve要用f替（fifth twelfth）ty將y改成i，th前面有個(gè)e，若要碰到幾十幾，前用基來(lái)后用序。C、序數(shù)詞的縮寫first-1stfourth-4thseventh-7thtenth-10thsecond-2ndfifth-5theighth-8thtwenty-first-21stthird-3rdsixth-6thninth-9thseventieth-70th總結(jié)：其中1st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式，其他的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。D. 序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞的前面一般要用定冠詞the表示第幾的意思。You are the second one to know the way. 你是第二個(gè)知道方法的人。（2）表示日期The summer holiday starts from the first of July.暑假?gòu)钠咴乱蝗臻_始。（3）序數(shù)詞在名詞的前面經(jīng)常作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，但是當(dāng)名詞的前面已經(jīng)有了物主代詞的時(shí)，序數(shù)詞的前面不再用定冠詞the。 例如：This is my third question. 這是我的第三個(gè)問(wèn)題。（4）表示分?jǐn)?shù)的時(shí)候，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1的時(shí)候，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：2/5 two fifths（5）表示樓層I live on the eleventh floor.我住在12層。注意：在英式英語(yǔ)中。建筑的樓層與街相齊的是一樓。注意：表日期、樓層的時(shí)候，序數(shù)詞前面要加上定冠詞the（6）表示順序Sandy always comes first in her class.桑迪總是她們班第一個(gè)到的。This is my first computer。這是我的第一臺(tái)電腦。（7） 表示編號(hào)的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常把基數(shù)詞放在名詞的前面表示順序，相當(dāng)于the序數(shù)詞名詞，也可以用“名詞+基數(shù)詞”。例如：Lesson Fivethe fifth lesson 第五課。 選擇題1. There are _ days in a year.2. A. three hundreds and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty five 3. C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred sixty-five4. How do you say 15,858?5. A. Fifteen thousands, eight hundred and fifty-eight 6. B. Fifteen thousand, eight hundreds and fifty eight.7. C. Fifteen thousand, eight hundred and fifty-eight8. D. Fifteen thousand and eight hundred and fifty-eight. 9. Please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture in this unit .A.twentieth ;one B. twenty ;one C. twentieth; first D Twenty ; first 5. _ people in Yangzhou went to see Liu Qians performance when he came there . A. Ten thousands B. Ten thousands of C. Thousands D. Ten thousand 6. This is _ English class. I hope you can enjoy English . A. our the first B. The our first C. our first D .first the our 7. Wednesday is the _ day of a week.A. fifth B. fourth  C. forth D. third8. _ tourists come to visit the Great Wall every year . A Millions of B Million of C One million of D Millions9. Do you know Shijiu Lake well?Sure. This is my _ to visit the lake.A. three times B. the third time C. third time D. the three times10. How old is your daughter?_. We had a party for her _ birthday last Sunday.A. Twelve; twelfth B. Twelfth; twelve C. Twelve; twelve D. Twelfth; twelfth11. -How many students are there in your school? -_.A. There are two thousands, two hundred and fifty-two B. There are two thousand, two hundred, fifty-twoC. There are two thousand, and two hundred fifty-two D. There are two thousand, two hundred and fifty-two 12. The Changjiang River is about_ .A. 6,300 kilometers long B. 6,300- kilometers- long C.6,300 -kilometer-long D. 6,300 kilometer long 13. They are reading _ lesson on Page _.A.thirteen; Thirteen B.thirteen; Thirteenth C.the thirteenth; Thirteen D.thirteenth; Thirteen14. One hundred thousand, two hundred and sixty is _.A.10,206 B.1,026 C.126 D.100,26015. I visited this city three years ago so this is my_ time here.A. first B. second C. third D. fourth16. 一How many hours do you sleep every night? 一About _ hours. From 9 ; 00 p. m. to 6 : 00 a. m.A. nine B. nineteen C. ninth D. ninety17. 一Have you heard of TFBOYS?Certainly. About _ teenagers love them very much in our school. A. hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundreds D. two hundred18. There are _ months in a year. December is the_month of a year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelfth; twelfth C. twelve; twelfth D. twelfth; twelve19. Please turn to page_ and take a look at the picture on it.A. the eightieth B. eightieth C. eighties D. eighty20. How many friends will come to your _birthday party? About_ .A. twelve; twelfth B. twelveth ; twelve C. twelfth; twelve答案：CCDDCBACADACDBADCDB 23Unit2一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)口訣一般將來(lái)時(shí)，將要發(fā)生事。謂語(yǔ)不一般，will加動(dòng)原（動(dòng)詞原形）。要變疑問(wèn)句，will放在主語(yǔ)前。否定句，也不難，will后面not添?！癰e going to”的用法口訣be going to, 表打算，準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃將干。表可能，有必然，通過(guò)現(xiàn)象來(lái)推斷。使用它，要注意，疑問(wèn)形式be提前。否定句，更簡(jiǎn)單，not放在be后邊。to之后，動(dòng)原形，be的形式看人稱。下列詞，要注意，come go和離去（leave）進(jìn)行時(shí)，表將來(lái)，牢牢記住莫忘記。一般將來(lái)的概念：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，   一般將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。will+V.原 美國(guó)英語(yǔ)則不管什么人稱，一律用will。 be going to形式可以在任何情況下使用。 shall 和 will 常?？s寫成 ll ,緊接在主語(yǔ)之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的縮寫式分別為 shan't 和 won't。 【中考要求】1熟練掌握一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成和基本用法。I will go to visit Disneyland next holiday.下個(gè)假期我將去參觀迪士尼樂(lè)園。Tom and Mike will visit Mr.Black tomorrow 湯姆和邁克明天要去拜訪布萊克先生。一般將來(lái)的構(gòu)成（一）:肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑問(wèn)句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 簡(jiǎn)略回答：(肯)Yes,主語(yǔ)shall/will (否) No,主語(yǔ) shall/will not 特殊疑問(wèn)句：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句是將特殊疑問(wèn)詞放在句首，后接一般疑問(wèn)句（就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，以疑問(wèn)詞who開頭的疑問(wèn)詞除外） - why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你為什么將要在這兒？） -I will have a meeting on Sunday（我將要在周日舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)） （對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)句要進(jìn)行具體回答）否定句： We wont have two more classes after we put up the flag.一般疑問(wèn)句：Will we have two more classes after we put up the flag?對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：How many classes will we have after we put up the flag?一般將來(lái)的構(gòu)成（二）:肯定句：主語(yǔ)+（am, is , are )+going to do . 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ （ am, is , are )+not+ going to do 疑問(wèn)句: (am, is , are) 主語(yǔ)+going to do簡(jiǎn)略回答：（肯）Yes,主語(yǔ) (am, is , are)(否) No,主語(yǔ)(am, is , are ) not 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我們打算在校門口見面。否定句： We arent going to meet outside the school gate.一般疑問(wèn)句： Are we going to meet outside the school gate?對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)： Where are we going to meet ?一般將來(lái)的構(gòu)成（三）:表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要來(lái)了。 2. They're leaving for Beijing. 他們即將前往北京。 一般將來(lái)的用法：1.將來(lái)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。 例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow. 我明天到。 2.表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事。例如： We are going to put up a building here.我們打算在這里蓋一座樓。 How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你準(zhǔn)備怎樣過(guò)？ 3.在“祈使句+andor+句子”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，“句子”用 一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Use your head and you will find a way用用腦子你就會(huì)找到方法。 Hurry up or we will be late for class.快點(diǎn)否則我們將遲到了。一般將來(lái)的標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening next year/week/month/hour in+段時(shí)間 in the future this afternoon/Sunday/evening from now on one day, someday （未來(lái)的）某天 Soon Be going to 和will 的區(qū)別：1).Be going to 表示眼下要發(fā)生的事，will表示 的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些：2).Be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情，will 表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。3).Be going to 表示計(jì)劃的意思，will 表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。注意. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中， 如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，用willI will come if it doesnt rain如果明天不下雨我就來(lái)。 You will call us as soon as you get to Hung Kong你一到香港就給我打電話好嗎？一、用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1. Who _ (sing) at the party tomorrow? Miss Wang is. 2. The children _ (have) a picnic this weekend. They are getting ready for it. 3. Follow me, please, or you _ (lose) your way. 4. _ Millie _ (go) shopping with you? No, she won't. 5. There _ (be) a meeting this weekend. Do you know, Tina?6. _ he _ (play) basketball the day after tomorrow? Yes, he is. He is a member of our school basketball team. 7. Don't worry. The bus _ (come) soon. 8. The children _ (visit) the park tomorrow, aren't they?9. _ we _ (go) to the park this afternoon? Good idea. 10. How long _ (take) to get there by bus tomorrow?二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. I am sorry I have no money with me. Don't worry. I _ it to you. A. am going to lendB. will lendC. lend D. lent2. Will there _ a volleyball match on Sunday? Yes. There _ two volleyball matches on that day. A. be; are going to be B. have; are going to beC. have; are going to have D. be; are going to have3. Which team do you think _ the match? _ I'm not sure. The final match will be held next week. A. wonB. are going to winC. will winD. wins4. He's going _ a doctor when he grows up. A. beB. beingC. to beD. to do5. Do you know when Mrs White _ for dinner this evening? No, but I think she _ when she is free. A. will come; will come B. will come; comesC. comes; will come D. comes; comes6. Jack, with his friends, _ watch a film in the cinema tomorrow. A. is going toB. goes toC. are going toD. go to參考答案：1. is going to sing 2. will/are going to have 3. will lose4. Will; go 5. will/is going to be 6. Is; going to play7. is coming 8. are going to visit 9. Shall; go10. will; take .1-6 BACCAAUnit3名詞所有格和物主代詞一、名詞所有格名詞所有格用來(lái)表示人或物的所有和所屬關(guān)系,包括 s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。1.s所有格表示有生命的人或物的名詞所有格,單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加“s”。my elder brothers bike 我哥哥的自行車students books 學(xué)生讀物【拓展】(1)如果所指人或物為兩個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人所共有,則只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“s”。Lily and Lucys mother is a doctor.莉莉和露西的媽媽是一名醫(yī)生。(2)如果所指人或物為兩個(gè)人或幾個(gè)人各自所有,則應(yīng)在每個(gè)名詞后都加“s”。Lilys and Lucys mothers are both doctors.莉莉的媽媽和露西的媽媽都是醫(yī)生。2. of所有格無(wú)生命事物名詞的所屬關(guān)系,常用“of+名詞”來(lái)表示,即of所有格。the capital of China 中國(guó)的首都the name of the river這條河的名字二、物主代詞1. 物主代詞的定義及分類所謂物主代詞, 就是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，即表示“我的”“你的”“他的/她的/它的”“我們的”“你們的”“他們的/她們的/它們的”的詞。 物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩大類。 其人稱及數(shù)的變化如下:(1)形容詞性物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱my我的our我們的第二人稱your 你的your你們的第三人稱his他的, her她的, its它的their他們的/她們的/它們的(2)名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱mine我的ours我們的第二人稱yours 你的yours你們的第三人稱his他的, hers她的, its它的theirs他們的/她們的/它們的 2. 物主代詞的用法(1)形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的特性,在句中用作定語(yǔ),后面必須接名詞。This is my bike. Your bike is over there.這是我的自行車。 你的自行車在那邊。(2)名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特性，后面不能再接名詞。它相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Excuse me, is this nice key ring yours? 打擾了，這個(gè)漂亮的鑰匙扣是你的嗎?(3)“of+名詞性物主代詞”可以作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)。The girl is a friend of his.那個(gè)女孩是他的一個(gè)朋友。Unit4語(yǔ)法1：方位介詞用法解析介詞是表示句子結(jié)構(gòu)中詞與詞或句子成分之間關(guān)系的一種虛詞。它是各地中考英語(yǔ)?？嫉囊粋€(gè)詞類，所以大家一定要掌握好介詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)。常用介詞用法歌訣in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好為反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反義behind在后面。從里穿過(guò)用through，表面通過(guò)across。進(jìn)到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介詞用處大，反復(fù)實(shí)踐掌握它。  一、表示方位的介詞 on意為“在的上面”；over意為“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意為“在（垂直的）正下方”；below意為“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意為“在附近”；next to意為“緊挨著”；round / around意為“在周圍”；by意為“在旁邊”；表示兩者的位置關(guān)系時(shí)in表示“在同一區(qū)域內(nèi)或同一范圍內(nèi)”；on表示“接壤；相鄰”；to表示“相離；相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。 介詞意 義例 句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.二、表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞    across意為“從表面穿過(guò)”，或沿某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；through意為 “從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)”，past和by表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)或路過(guò)”。如：   Please be careful when you go _ the street.   Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.   We often go _ a bakery on our way to school. 語(yǔ)法2：冠詞用法解析冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行限定。冠詞與名詞的關(guān)系密不可分，就好像“魚兒離不開水”一樣。冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞兩種，它們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)中使用率極高，也是歷年來(lái)中考的考查重點(diǎn)。冠詞分為不定冠詞a / an和定冠詞the，在具體使用時(shí)可分為用不定冠詞、定冠詞和不用冠詞三種情況。它的基本用法我們可以用以下口訣來(lái)記憶：泛指用a/ an，單數(shù)可數(shù)；特指用the，不特不the?！咀ⅰ浚?）泛指用a / an，單數(shù)可數(shù)泛指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用a / an。如：I want an apple.（2）特指用the如果是特指，那么無(wú)論是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前均要用the。如：The pencil is mine. / I dont like the pencils on the desk.（3）不特不the不特指則不用the，包括泛指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前用a / an，泛指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不用冠詞，泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前也不用冠詞三種情況。如：I like monkeys. / I dont like bread.一、不定冠詞的基本用法1. 第一次提到的人或事物：2. 表示有某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明是何人或何物：3. 表示一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)：4. 雖然有“一”的含義，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量：5. 用于表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格等的單位名詞前，表“每一”，相當(dāng)于every。6. 習(xí)慣用法：a few、a little、a lot of、a number of、have a rest、take / have a look、make a face、in a hurry、for a while、記憶口訣不定冠詞a或an，表“一”但不強(qiáng)調(diào)“一”；人或事物首次提，單位名詞前“每一”；表示有人、有某物，何人何物不具體；強(qiáng)調(diào)類別任一個(gè)，習(xí)慣用法記心里。二、a和an用法巧記1. a用于輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，an用于元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。注意：要看讀音是元音開頭還是輔音開頭，而不是根據(jù)字母。如_（一個(gè)小時(shí)），_（一把雨傘）等。如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)，那么用a還是an取決于該修飾語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)音素是輔音還是元音。如：_（一本有用的書），_（一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩），_（一個(gè)不高興的女孩），_（一個(gè)不尋常的故事）等。2. a, e, i, o, 這四個(gè)元音字母，以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x這八個(gè)輔音字母單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，因其發(fā)音均以元音開頭，所以要用an。我們可以用一句話來(lái)概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr. Li has one fox.（李先生有一只狐貍。）3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字組成的短語(yǔ)前要用an，其他用a。如：That is an eight-meter-wide bridge.He is only an 11-year-old boy.I had a talk with an 80-year-old man on the street yesterday.三、定冠詞的基本用法1. 用在“特指”談話雙方都知道的某個(gè)人或某些人或物前。如：2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如：我能看見一只貓，那只貓是露西的。3. 用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：4. 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前。如：5. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：6. 用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中或樂(lè)器名詞前。如：記憶口訣特指雙熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)，某些專有名，習(xí)語(yǔ)及樂(lè)器。四、零冠詞的用法1. 名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, these, those, my, your, his, her, our, their, some等限定詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。如：this eraser, her pencil-box, some boxes, those women等。2. 泛指的不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。3. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，不用冠詞。如：The people in the room are doctors. 房間里的那些人是醫(yī)生。4. 在表示學(xué)科的名詞前一般不用冠詞。如：Chinese, English, maths, physics, history等。5. 在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前一般不加冠詞。如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / football等。6. 在季節(jié)、節(jié)日、星期、月份前不用冠詞。如：autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers Day, Childrens Day, Sunday, February等。7. 在表顏色、語(yǔ)種和國(guó)家名詞前不用冠詞。如：white, brown, French, Australia等。8. 在表示稱呼語(yǔ)的名詞之前，以及職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞。如：Doctor Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科學(xué)家。記憶口訣代詞限定名詞前，專有名詞不可數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，學(xué)科球類三餐飯，季節(jié)星期月份前，顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。五、有無(wú)定冠詞意思迥異 英語(yǔ)中有些名詞，如bed, class, hospital, school, church等，當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)這些詞所表示的場(chǎng)所，只強(qiáng)調(diào)它們的專門作用時(shí)，前面不帶定冠詞；否則要加定冠詞。如：1. at table在進(jìn)餐  at the table在桌旁2. at desk做讀書或做作業(yè)  at the desk在書桌旁3. at school在上學(xué)，在求學(xué)（是學(xué)生） at the school在學(xué)校里（不一定是學(xué)生）4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海邊5. in class在上課  in the class在班里6. in prison坐牢 in the prison在監(jiān)獄7. in bed臥床，睡覺  in the bed在床上8. in front of在的前面  in the front of在的前部9. go to bed去睡覺  go to the bed到床邊或床前10. go to hospital入院治療  go to the hospital去醫(yī)院（不一定是病人）11. go to church去教堂做禮拜、做禱告  go to the church去教堂（為了別的目的）12. go to school去上學(xué)（不強(qiáng)調(diào)場(chǎng)所） go to the school到學(xué)校去（開家長(zhǎng)會(huì)等）專項(xiàng)練習(xí)根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空A. 用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空,不需要的地方填 “/”。1. Shanghai is _ biggest city in _ China. 2. I like to play _ football, but he likes to play _ piano. 3. _ Greens will come to see you tomorrow.4. Do you want _ orange or _ tomato?5. I usually go out for _ walk in _ evening. 6. His father is _ English teacher and he works in _ middle school. B. 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空, 每詞限用一次。across, through, over, up, round, down, along, outside1. The cat is climbing _ the tree. It wants to catch the bird in the tree. 2. A thief got into my neighbours home _ the open window last night.3. Our plane is flying _ a mountain at the moment.4. My uncle is good at swimming. He can swim _ this river within five minutes. 5. The dog is running _ its master and barking. It must be very hungry. 6. Dont wait _ . Come in. It is so cold. 7. Lets go _ the hill now. The bus is waiting for us at the foot of the hill. 8. We usually take a walk _ the river after supper. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Wolf Warriors II is such _ exciting film that I have seen it three times. A. AB. an C. theD. /2. Mr Wang is _ 80-year-old man and he lives on _ Eighth Street. A. a; theB. an; theC. an; /D. a; / 3. Can you see any birds _ the tree? No. But I can see some red apples _ the tree. A. in; onB. in; inC. in; aboveD. on; over4. After playing _ football, I feel thirsty. Now, I want to drink _ orange juice. A. /; /B. a; anC. the; /D. the; a5. Will you get there by _ underground? No, Ill take _ taxi. A. /; aB. a; theC. /; /D. the; a6. The boat is going _ the bridge _ the river. Some students are walking _ the bridge. A. through; over; across B. through; across; overC. under; on; through D. below; above; across參考答案A.1.the; /2./; the3.The4.an; a5.a; the6. an; aB. 1. up 2. through 3. over 4. across5. round6. outside 7. down8. alongBCAAAA Unit5 -6一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去時(shí)間段所具備的能力和性格。一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子最明顯的現(xiàn)象就是常由表達(dá)過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞、副詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)界定。“過(guò)去”的概念并不僅指如“yesterday, last week, ”等，實(shí)際上“與現(xiàn)在對(duì)立的過(guò)去”，亦即“非現(xiàn)在的以前”，哪怕是“過(guò)了說(shuō)話時(shí)間的幾分鐘之前”，只要所要表達(dá)的時(shí)間與說(shuō)話時(shí)的“現(xiàn)在”形成對(duì)立，就必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.僅僅幾分鐘前他還在這里。I came home just now. 我剛回到家?！皌his + 時(shí)間，today”等時(shí)間副詞常用于修飾一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但是只要句子的本意是“與說(shuō)話時(shí)的現(xiàn)在”對(duì)立，即使句子中有“this + 時(shí)間，today”等時(shí)間副詞，也必須使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：I got up very early this morning.今天早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今天他又遲到了。強(qiáng)化理解：1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)刻或時(shí)期所發(fā)生的事情，也可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只說(shuō)明過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱麗亞說(shuō)了幾句話。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他沒(méi)有戒煙的那陣子，抽煙抽得可兇了。2.表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間里經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)的動(dòng)作，常與always，never等連用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘)I never drank wine.我以前從不喝酒。(不涉及到現(xiàn)在，不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在是否喝酒)3.表示過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種情況下句子中往往沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.那男孩把眼睛張開了一會(huì)兒，看看船長(zhǎng)，然后就去世了。4.有些句子雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)是指過(guò)去，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這一點(diǎn)我們中國(guó)學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)，要特別注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話之前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you were here.)I thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。(這句話應(yīng)是在說(shuō)話之前我以為你病了，但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病)5.在談到已死去的人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。6.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。大體可分為如下幾類：yesterday、the day before yesterday (前天)、the other day (前幾天)、in the old days (在過(guò)去的日子里)just now (剛才)、this morning/afternoon/eveningago (a while ago方才、