高中英語必修五-unit 5 課文詳解

《高中英語必修五-unit 5 課文詳解》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中英語必修五-unit 5 課文詳解（5頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、5 必修五 Unit 5 課文詳解 楊磊譯注 必修5 Unit 5 First aid急救 I．Vocabulary: firstaid (對傷患者的)急救 fall ill 生病 injury n. 損傷；傷害 bleed vi. & vt.(bled,bled) 流血 sprain vt.扭傷 ankle n.踝（關(guān)節(jié)） choke vi. & vt.(使)噎??；(使)窒息； blood n.血，血液；血統(tǒng) bloody adj.出血的；血染的； burn vi. & vt

2、.(被)燒毀、燒傷、燙傷 essential adj.最重要的；本質(zhì)的 organ n.器官 layer n.層次；層 poison n.毒藥；毒害 vt.毒害 treatment n.治療；處理；對待 liquid n.液體 radiation n.輻射；射線 mild adj.輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的 mildly adv.輕微地；溫和地 iron n.烙鐵；熨斗；鐵 vt.熨燙 heal vt. & vi. (使)康復(fù)/化解 tissue n.(生物)組織；薄的織物；手巾紙 electric adj.電的；電動(dòng)的 electr

3、ic shock觸電；電休克 swell vi. & vt.(使)膨脹；隆起 swellen adj.腫脹的 blister n.水泡 vi. & vt.起泡 watery adj.水的；似水的 char vi.燒焦 nerve n.神經(jīng)；膽量 damage vt. & n.損害；毀壞 jewellery n.珠寶（=[美] jewelry） squeeze vt. & vi.榨；擠；壓榨 squeeze out 榨出；擠出 over and over again反復(fù)；多次 wound n.創(chuàng)傷；傷 bandage n.繃帶 in plac

4、e 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；適當(dāng) ointment n.藥膏；油膏 infection n.傳染；傳染病；感染 symptom n.癥狀；征兆 label vt.加標(biāo)簽或標(biāo)記；分類 kettle n.(水)壺；罐 wrist n.手腕 damp adj.潮濕的 sleeve n.袖子 throat n.咽喉；喉嚨 present vt.給；介紹；贈(zèng)送；呈現(xiàn) ceremony n.典禮；儀式；禮節(jié) bravery n.勇敢；勇氣 a number of +n[pl.]若干；許多 put one’s hands on找到 ambulance n.救護(hù)

5、車 II。 Reading FIRST AID FOR BURNS燒傷急救 The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.皮膚是人體最基本的組成部分，也是最大的器官。 You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.人有三層皮膚作為阻止疾病、毒物及太陽有害光線?！咀⑨專篴ct as扮演, 表演 eg. 1) He acted

6、his part well.他扮演的那個(gè)角色很成功。 2) A newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.一種新設(shè)計(jì)的微型計(jì)算機(jī)能夠充任盲人的向?qū)А? 3) Don't act fool.別裝傻?！?The functions of your skin are also very complex:人的皮膚功能也很復(fù)雜： it keeps you warm or cool;既能讓人保暖又能讓人保涼； it prevents your body from losing too much water;它能避免人

7、的身體丟失過多的水分； it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.正是在皮膚人能感覺到寒冷、熱或者疼痛，既皮膚讓人有觸覺感。【注釋：where you feel cold, heat or pain是由where引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作表語?！?So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.所以，你可以想象的到如果人的皮膚被燒傷，將是很嚴(yán)重的?！咀⑨專篵urn vi. & vt.(被)燒毀，燒傷

8、，燙傷；n.燒傷或灼傷（的痕跡）。Get burned燒傷； burn sth. to the ground夷為平地；burn sb. to death燒死；burn (sth.) away（使）燒掉；burn (sth.) down（被）焚毀；burn out燒光；燒空； eg. 1) Dry wood burns easily. 2) The factory burned to the ground. 3) Most of the skin on his face got burnt away in the fire. 4) Don’t leave the gas on ——

9、 you might burn the house down. 試題： Do you see the oil ____? Be careful not to get ____. A. burned; burning B. burning; burnt C. be burnt; burnt D. to burn; burning 】 First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.急救是治療燒傷非常重要的一步。【注釋：aid vt. & n.幫助；援助；資助 aid

10、 sb.幫助某人；aid sb. win sth.以某物幫助某人； aid sb. in (doing) sth.在某方面幫助某人；aid sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事；in aid of支持；為…籌借；first aid急救；with the aid of …在…的幫助下；come to one’s aid來幫助某人；do/ give/ offter/ perform/ carry out first aid進(jìn)行急救 eg. 1) One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid.

11、 2) It’s useful to know some knowledge of first aid. 3) A good dictionary can aid language learning. 4) He should be able to read this without the aid of a dictionary. 5) We’re collecting money in aid of cancer research. 試題： 1. We were _____ in our investigation by the cooperation o

12、f the police. A. stopped B. aided C. aimed D. cooperated 2. They collected much money________the poor girl，which helped her return to school. A．in aid　　　B．in aid of C．with the aid of D．gave aid to 】 　　Causes of burns燒傷的原因： 　　You can get burned by a variety of th

13、ings:各種各樣的東西都可以讓人燙傷： hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.滾熱的液體、蒸汽、火、輻射（如：太靠近熱源或火等）、太陽、電或化學(xué)物質(zhì)。 　　Types of burns燒傷類型： 　　There are three types of burns.燒傷有三種類型。 Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, dependin

14、g on which layers of the skin are burned.燒傷被稱為一度燒傷、二度燒傷或三度燒傷取決于哪層皮膚被燒傷。【注釋：depending on which layers of the skin are burned是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示方式?！? 　　◎ First degree burns：一度燒傷： These affect only the top layer of the skin.這只影響到皮膚的表層。 These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.這種

15、燒傷不嚴(yán)重，一兩天就好。 Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.這類病例包括輕度的太陽曬傷以及由于一不小心碰到了熱鍋、爐子或電熨斗而造成的燒傷?！咀⑨專孩賔or a moment一會(huì)兒；片刻 eg. She hesitated for just a moment/ an instant. 她只躊躇了片刻。②caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment是過去分詞短語作定語

16、，修飾前面的名詞短語sunburn and burns,與所修飾的名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系?！? 　　◎ Second degree burns 二度燒傷：These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.這影響到表皮和二層皮膚?！咀⑨專篴ffect vt.影響；感動(dòng)； （疾?。┣忠u；喜愛; effect n.影響；效果 have effect on/upon對…有影響；bring/ pu sth. into effect開始使用（生效）；come into effect實(shí)行；實(shí)施。 Eg. 1) She w

17、as deeply affected by the news of her father’s death. 2) Her kidneys had become affected. 3) It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect. 4) The new tax rates come into effect from April. 5) Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy. 】 These burns are serious and take a f

18、ew weeks to heal.這種燒傷嚴(yán)重，需要幾個(gè)星期才能愈合?！咀⑨專篢hese burns take a few weeks to heal. = It takes a few weeks to heal these burns.】 Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.這種病例包括嚴(yán)重的太陽灼傷以及有滾燙的液體造成的燒傷。 ◎ Third degree burns三度燒傷： These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue an

19、d organs under the skin.這種燒傷影響到三層皮膚以及皮膚下面的組織和器官。 Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.這種病例包括由觸電、燃燒的衣服、或嚴(yán)重的汽油火造成的燒傷?！咀⑨專篿nclude vt. included, including包括；包含 eg. 1) Price $14.90, postage included.價(jià)格14.90美元，郵資包括在內(nèi)。2) He had included a large num

20、ber of funny stories in the speech.他在講話中加進(jìn)了許多引人發(fā)笑的故事。3) The United kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.聯(lián)合王國包括北愛爾蘭和威爾士。】 These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.這種燒傷造成非常嚴(yán)重的傷害，受害者必須立刻到醫(yī)院治療?！咀⑨專篿njury n.傷害；損害； injure v.受傷 injured adj.受傷的 injure on

21、e’s pride/ self-esteem傷害某人的自尊心 eg. 1) I hope I didn’t injure her feelings. 2) His back was injured. 3) He escaped from the train wreck without injury. 辨析：injury, wound, hurt, damage, harm (1)injury平時(shí)的大、小創(chuàng)傷或傷害，也可用于無生命物。如：an injury to the roof屋頂?shù)钠茡p (2)wound指戰(zhàn)斗中刀傷或槍傷。如：The soldier had

22、 a wound in his chest.這位戰(zhàn)士胸部受傷。 (3)damage指損失、損害（不表示傷痛），主要用于物。如：Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. (4)harm指精神上和肉體上的極大損害，不但可以用于生物也可以用于抽象事物。如：Too much drinking will do you great harm/ do great harm to you. 試題： Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had _____

23、 his leg. A. damaged B. hurt C.hit D. struck 】 　　Characteristics of burns燒傷的特點(diǎn)： 　　First degree burns一度燒傷 　　◎ dry, red and mildly swollen皮膚干燥、發(fā)紅以及伴有輕微腫脹 　　◎ mildly painful輕微地疼痛 　　◎ turn white when pressed擠壓時(shí)會(huì)變白 　　Second degree burns二度燒傷 　　◎ rough, red and swollen皮膚粗糙、發(fā)紅以及

24、腫脹 　　◎ blisters起水泡 　　◎ watery surface表面有水樣物 　　◎ extremely painful及其疼痛 　　Third degree burns三度燒傷 　　◎ black and white and charred發(fā)黑、發(fā)白、燒焦 　　◎ swollen; often tissue under them can be seen腫脹；通常皮膚下面的組織能看得見 ◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area.如果神經(jīng)組織被破壞，

25、很少或沒有痛感；也許在燒傷區(qū)域周圍會(huì)痛?！咀⑨專篸amage vt. & n.傷害；損害；損傷 damage one’s health損害健康； damage one’s good name毀壞名聲；cause/ do damage to…使…受到損害；suffer (great) damage (from…)受到（…的）損害；costs for damages損害賠償費(fèi) eg. 1) The earthquake caused great damage. 2) A torrent(急流、洪流) of rain came down and damaged the crops.

26、 3) Many factories suffered great damage. 辨析：damage, destroy, ruin (1) damage指價(jià)值、用途降低或外表損壞等，不一定全部破壞；或表示可以修復(fù)的損壞。如：The heavy rain damaged many houses. (2) destroy指嚴(yán)重毀壞以致不能或很難修復(fù)的損壞。如：That town was destroyed in a big fire. (3) ruin指“毀壞”而使某物失去優(yōu)良的特性或特征。如：He knocked over a bottle of ink and

27、ruined the table cloth. 試題： 1．Millions of pounds’ worth of ____ has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. damage B. injury C. hurting D. wound 2. Much damage has been ____ to the car; you’d better get it repaired. A. made B. acted

28、 C. done D. found 】 First aid treatment急救處理【注釋：treatment n.治療；處理；對待；治療方法 be under treatment在治療中；in the treatment of (illness)治療某種疾??； treat vt. & n.治療；對待；請客；享受愉快的事 be one’s treat由…請客；treat …as …把…看作…; treat （sb.） to (sth.)招待（吃……），請客吃…… eg. 1) The prisoners complained of ill

29、 treatment by their guards. 2) The girl is still under treatment in hospital. 3) He treats me to an ice cream. 4) The police treated his death as a case of murder. 辨析：treat, cure, heal (1)treat“治療”，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的過程。如：Which doctors are treating her for her illness? (2)cure“治愈”強(qiáng)調(diào)治療的結(jié)果。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語可以

30、是人或物，賓語可以是人也可以是疾病。如：We could use cloning to cure illness. (3) heal“愈合、長好”強(qiáng)調(diào)慢慢的恢復(fù)過程，也可以指傷口的愈合（指結(jié)果）。如：His wound has healed. Heal sb. of a disease. 試題： 1) Treat ____ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. A. one B. oneself C. you D. yourself 2) There have

31、been great advances in the ______ of cancer. A. process B. treatment C. instruction D. influence 3) —Let's go Dutch for this supper，OK? —No，______this time，as a reward for all your help. A．It's up to you B．It's my treat C．Let's talk about it D．it doesn’t matter [

32、解析：選B。句意：“這頓晚飯讓我們AA制吧。”“不，這次由我請客，作為對你的幫助的回報(bào)。”A項(xiàng)意為“由你做決定”；B項(xiàng)意為“由我請客”；C項(xiàng)意為“讓我們討論一下”；D項(xiàng)意為“沒關(guān)系”。Go Dutch AA制，各付各的錢。] 】 1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服緊貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀.【注釋：unless conj.除非，如果不 eg. 1) “Exceptional talent does not always w

33、in its reward unless favored by exceptional circumstances” “除非得到特殊的情況的護(hù)佑，否則有特殊才能的人并不總能贏得對其才能的回報(bào). 2) My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry.我剛出生的妹妹除非餓了，她是從來不哭的。 3) I shall go there tomorrow unless I'm too busy.如果我不太忙，明天將到那兒去。 4) Unless you go at once you will be late.如果你不馬上走，就會(huì)遲到的。考題匯集

34、： 1. (09全I(xiàn)I-10) All the dishes in this menu, ___ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless 2. (09川-12) Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____ he cooked it himself. A. until B. since C. unless D. while 3. (08全I(xiàn)I-7) A small car is

35、big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless 4. (08津-1) We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ___ it rains or it’s very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until 5. (08浙-16) Don’t promise anythin

36、g ___ you are one hundred percent sure. A. whether B. after C. how D. unless 6. (07全I(xiàn)-26) I won’t call you, ____ something unexpected happens. A. because B. whether C. unless D. while 7. (06京-33) _____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless

37、 B. Because C. Although D. When 8. (06浙-2) We won’t keep winning games ____ we keep playing well. A. because B. unless C. when D. while 1-8 DCDCD CAB 】 Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.去掉燒傷附近的其它衣物和首飾。 　　2. Cool burns immediately with cool but not

38、icy water.立刻用冷水但不是冰水冷卻燒傷。 It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.最好將燒傷放在緩慢流淌的自來水下面，大約10分鐘 (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) （冷水阻止燒傷繼續(xù)，避免疼痛變得不可忍受，并能減輕腫脹） Do not put cold water on third degree burn

39、s.不要將三度燒傷放在冷水下沖洗。 　　3. For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.對于一度燒傷，將涼的、干凈的、濕布放在傷口上，直到不那么疼痛。 For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and

40、over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.對于二度燒傷，把布放在一盆冷水里浸涼，擰干后放在燒傷處，一遍又一遍地這樣做，直到不那么疼痛。【注釋：squeeze out榨出；擠出 eg. The wound will heal itself if you squeeze out the purulence/ pus(膿)?！? 　　4. Dry the burned area gently.輕輕地弄干燒傷處， Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound

41、 may get infected.不要擦，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)擦破水泡，造成傷口感染。 　　5. Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.用一個(gè)干凈的繃帶附在傷口上，但不要貼著皮膚。 Hold the bandage in place with tape.用帶子將繃帶固牢， Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.千萬不

42、要在傷口上涂抹黃油、油脂或藥膏，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)將熱留在燒傷處，從而造成感染。 　　6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果燒傷是在胳臂上或在腿上，如果可能的話，將它們置于高過心臟。 If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.如果燒傷在臉上，那么受害者應(yīng)當(dāng)坐直。 　　7. If the injuries are second or third degree bums,如果燒傷是二度燒傷或三度燒傷， it is vit

43、al to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.至關(guān)重要的是將患者立刻看醫(yī)生或送到醫(yī)院去?！咀⑨專篿t is vital to do sth.（= Sth. is vital to (do) . 或sth. is vital to sth.）做某事至關(guān)重要。如：Irrigation was vital to early civilization灌溉對早期文明至關(guān)重要。】 　 重點(diǎn)句型： 1．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the

44、 burn. 【精提取】　unless是連詞，意為“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)肯定條件狀語從句。 【巧應(yīng)用】　如果我不被邀請，我將呆在家里。 I will stay at home________ ________ ________. 答案：unless I’m invited 2．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 【精提取】　此句中when為并列連詞，意為“正在這時(shí)(突然)”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：be doing...when...正在……這時(shí)……；be about to do...when...正打算

45、做……這時(shí)……；be just going to do...when...正要……這時(shí)……；had just done...when...剛做了……這時(shí)……; be on the point of doing...when...正要……這時(shí)…… 。 【巧應(yīng)用】　我正在看書，這時(shí)燈突然滅了。 I was reading _____ _____ _____ ______ _____. 答案：when the light went out 3.There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skill

46、s he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.【精提取】　There's no doubt that...毫無疑問……。 【巧應(yīng)用】　毫無疑問他不稱職。 ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____the job. 答案：There is no doubt that he isn’t fit for 4．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 【精提取】　make a(some，no，etc.) dif

47、ference有(一些，沒有什么)區(qū)別; 有意義；起重要作用；有影響。 【巧應(yīng)用】　我喜不喜歡對你來說沒什么區(qū)別，因?yàn)槟銖膩砭筒宦犖业摹? ____ ___ _____ ____ _____ _____ _____I like it or not，because you never listen to me. 答案：It makes no difference to you whether 課堂補(bǔ)充： apply vt.　涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用　vi.申請；請求；使用；有效； apply(to...)for(向……)申請；apply to 運(yùn)用； 致力于； 涂抹；apply...t

48、o...把……運(yùn)用于……；apply oneself to...專心于…; adapt to為固定短語，意為“適應(yīng)”。 1. (2009浙)The good thing about children is that they _____very easily to new environments. A．a(chǎn)dapt B．a(chǎn)ppeal C．a(chǎn)ttach D．Apply 2. Now a lot of new technologies can________problems in industry. A．be applied to solv

49、e B．be applied to solving C．a(chǎn)pply to solve D．a(chǎn)pply to solving 3. I have been out of work for half a year，so I want to________a job in this company. A．prepare for B．a(chǎn)pply for C．wait for D．care for 4. Don’t take anything away.Father likes everything to be________. A．in place B．in the place C．out of place D．out of the place 5. They are now in great need of help.So your support will certainly make a________. A．deal B．decision C．point D．difference 5 版權(quán)所有，翻印必究 如有所需，敬請聯(lián)系 QQ771053303 13819507153