及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結.doc

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及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結 (1) 2010/09/27 23:03 [專四語法] 及物動詞后接動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語小結 動詞是英語中最活躍的詞性之一，其主要作用是在句中作謂語。在謂語動詞后接動詞作賓語時， 主要分為兩種情況： Ⅰ動詞加動詞不定式 能以不定式做賓語的動詞很多， 常見的有：want， hope，wonder， wish， agree， try， manager， offer， decide， fail，refuse， ask， pretend， intend， attempt， teach， discuss 等。例如： 1． I have learned to drive the car. 2． They refused to accept my suggestion. 3． He promised to come. Ⅱ動詞加動名詞 在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等這些動詞之后要求用動名詞作賓語。 例如： 1. Have you finished repairing your car? 2. She suggested spending another week in the country. 3. Do you feel like taking a walk. 通常要后接動名詞作賓語的動詞 英語中有些動詞后接另一個動詞作賓語時，通常要用不定式，不用動名詞，這類動詞主要admit(承認), advise(建議), allow(允許), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考慮), delay(推遲), discuss(討論), dislike(不喜歡), enjoy(喜愛), escape(逃脫), excuse(原諒), fancy(沒想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgive(原諒), give up(放棄), imagine(想像), keep(保持), mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(沒趕上), pardon(原諒), permit(允許), practise(練習), prevent(阻止), put off(推遲), report(報告), resist(忍住), risk(冒險), stop(停止), suggest(建議), understand(理解)等。如： I admit breaking the window. 我承認打破了窗玻璃。 I advise waiting till proper time. 我建議等到適當時機。 They avoided mentioning that name. 他們避免提到那個名字。 He considered going to see Paul in person. 他考慮親自去找保羅。 They discussed selling the house. 他們商量過賣房子的事。 She dislikes doing housework. 她不喜歡干家務活。 Would you mind speaking less quickly? 你可否講得慢一點? He forbids smoking during office hours. 辦公時間他禁止吸煙。 Try to imagine being on the moon. 設想你在月球上。 He mentioned seeing her often. 他提到過經(jīng)常見到她。 I can’t understand treating children like that. 那樣對待孩子，我不能理解。 引用地址: http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/201008/1650.html 需要我們注意的是， 有些動詞既可用動詞不定式也可用動名詞作賓語。 這兩種結構在意義上有時差別不大， 有時差別較明顯。下面分別說一下這兩種情況： Ⅲ 這兩種情況在意義上差別不大的詞有：love, like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, need, intend, attempt等。 例如： 1. Do you like playing(to play) chess? 2. When did you begin learning(to learn) French? 隨著語言的發(fā)展， 這些區(qū)別也在逐漸縮小，但需要注意的是： 在like, love, prefer等動詞后， 若表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的動作，多用動名詞作賓語；若指特定的或具體的行動， 則用不定式更多一些。例如： 1. I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today. 2. She prefers walking to cycling. 3. I prefer to stay at home today. 在begin, start等詞的后面， 在下面三種情況下， 后接動詞不定式較好: 主語是物而不是人時：Ice begins to melt. 本身是v-ing 形式時: We are starting to clean the classroom. 其后的動詞與想法，感情有關時：I begin to realize that he is wrong. Ⅳ 在兩種結構在意義上差別較明顯的動詞有： remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等。例如： 1． remember后接動名詞通常表示：記得干過某事的，跟動詞不定式通常表示：別忘了， 要記得干， 動作并未發(fā)生： l I remembered posting the letter today. 我記得今天把信寄走了。 l Please remember to post the letter today. 請別忘了今天把信寄走。 2．regret 后接動名詞， 通常表示:對已發(fā)生的情況表示后悔，跟不定式通常表示:對將來的情況表示抱歉 l I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class. 我們遺憾地通知你們， 你們將不能參加這個班。 l I regretted having done such a thing. 我后悔做了這樣一件事。 3．mean后接動名詞， 通常表示:意味著， 不定式通常表示:打算干什么。 l Failing this exam means waiting for a year. 這次考式不通過意味著要等上一年。 l I didn’t mean to argue with you. 我不想和你爭辯。 4．try 后接動名詞， 通常表示:式一式做某事，跟不定式通常表示:設法去做某事： l Let’s trying doing the work in this way. 這項工作咱們這樣式式看。 l I’ will work hard, and try to improve. 我將努力工作， 并設法改進。 及物動詞后接動詞不定式／動名詞作賓語用法小結（２） 2010/09/27 23:17 [專四語法] ⒈不定式作賓語 ①以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean, long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導的從句。如： I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. ②當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定 式置于補語之后，即：主語＋動 詞＋it＋補語＋to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③介詞but,except,besides+to do(do) 在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do， 則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. ⒉ 動名詞作賓語 ①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如： admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dont mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如： I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. ②動名詞作介詞的賓語 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。 ⒊ 部分動詞后面，既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如： begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但 要用被動形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的 活動或一般的行為。 在下列情況下，一般要用不定式： ①hate, like, love前有would(should)時，如：Id like to have a cup of coffee. ②當謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. ③begin, continue, start與know, understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. ⒋ advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或 帶不定式作賓語補足語。如： Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. ⒌ 部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應根據(jù)句子語境選擇使 用。 ①forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名 詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如： Dont forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味著…… I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. ③try to do 設法盡力做某事 doing 試著做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. ④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語） doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. ⑤cant help doing 禁不住…… to do不能幫助干…… They couldnt help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I cant help to make up the room for you. ⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事 doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動作的繼續(xù) He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢。 Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. ⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么（目的狀語） doing停下某事 Its time to leave off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing.