英語(yǔ)十二 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 分析近3年甘肅中考真題可以看出，動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)跟動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一樣，屬于每年中考的重點(diǎn)。涉及題型主要在語(yǔ)法與情景對(duì)話、完形填空和詞匯考查中。一般會(huì)和時(shí)態(tài)合在一起考查，考生在做題時(shí)，可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)態(tài)排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，最后再細(xì)讀題干，判斷哪種時(shí)態(tài)，最終確定答案。時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（2017省卷78題）am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打掃。一般過(guò)去時(shí)（2016省卷38題）was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The dumplings were made yesterday. 餃子是昨天包的。1.中考需掌握的各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表：中考需掌握的各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句例句一般將來(lái)時(shí)（2015蘭州36題）will/shall be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一個(gè)新的醫(yī)院將被建立。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞The work must be finished on time. 這項(xiàng)工作必須按時(shí)完成。2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊情況被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊情況（1）make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須還原to。如：I often see the old man run in the morning. 我經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)這位老人在早上跑步。The old man is often seen to run in the morning. 這位老人常被看見(jiàn)在早上跑步。（2）一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：The little dog must be looked after well. 這只小狗必須被好好照顧。4.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況（1）不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。如：The books sell well. 這些書銷售得很好。（2）系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The apples taste nice. 蘋果嘗起來(lái)很好吃。（3）不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：The question is difficult to answer. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。（4）“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。如：Ill have the bike repaired soon. 我將盡快請(qǐng)人修理這輛自行車。（5）在need后面，接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思。如：Your vegetables need watering. 你的蔬菜需要澆水了。2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些新電腦被偷了。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：The homework must be handed in on time. 家庭作業(yè)必須按時(shí)交上來(lái)。考點(diǎn)小練1.You (give) another day to make your own decision.2.During the Spring Festival, paper cuttings (put) on windows, doors and walls.3.Chinese New Year (call) the Spring Festival. People often eat dumplings.will be givenare putis called3.說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用句型：It is said that據(jù)說(shuō)；It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道；It is hoped that希望；It is believed that人們相信；It is (well) known that眾所周知7.We to start at once, or we will miss the train. A. tell B. have told C. are told D. told8.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. shouldnt be thrown C. neednt throw D. shouldnt throw 9.A wonderful English speech contest in the school hall next Monday. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will giveCBC4.Sorry, you cant take this seat. It (take).5.You should try your best to make sure that the plant (water) once a day if you want it to grow well.6.Many houses by the earthquake and thousands of people became homeless. A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damagedwas takenis wateredB