兩種自言自語的方式

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1、兩種自言自語的方式 Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. 自言自語似乎顯得有點丟人。 If you ' vever been overheard *berating yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you ' ll have felt the social *injunction against communing withrysoeulf in words. 如果你曾經(jīng)被人聽到在斥責(zé)自己犯了一個愚蠢的錯誤， 或

2、是在預(yù)演一篇有挑戰(zhàn)的演講， 你就 會感受到社會對這種自言自語的行為側(cè)目而視。 According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. 用人們熟知的話來說，自言自語是變瘋的第一跡象。 But there ' s no need for embarrassment. 但你不必感到尷尬。 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.

3、 自言自語——無論是大聲說出還是在心中默念——都很有價值，是思考的一種工具。 Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience. 自言自語非但不代表精神失常， 而且恰恰相反， 它有助于我們規(guī)劃要做的事情和管控自己的 各種活動和情緒，甚至還能創(chuàng)作一段關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷的故事。 Take a tr

4、ip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. 你可以去任何一家幼兒園，觀察一個小孩子自己玩玩具的情景。 You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her *frustrations. 你極有可能會聽到她在自說自話：或是告訴自己要做什么，或是表達(dá)自己的沮喪之情。 Psychologists refer to this as private speec

5、h Ta nguage that is spoke n out loud but directed at the self. 心理學(xué)家將這種行為稱作私下話語：大聲說出來但卻是對著自己說的語言。 We do a lot of it whe n we are young -perhaps one reas on for our shyn ess about continuing with it as adults. 我們小時候經(jīng)常這樣做——或許這就是為什么我們成年后會羞于繼續(xù)這樣做的一個原因。 As children, according to the Russian psychologi

6、st Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. 根據(jù)俄羅斯心理學(xué)家利維 .維果斯基的說法，作為孩子，我們用私下話語來規(guī)范自己的行為， 就像我們用公眾話語來規(guī)范他人的行為一樣。 As we grow older, we don ' t abandon this systSriternaliz—it. 隨著我們年齡的增長，我們并沒有放棄這個體系——我們把它內(nèi)化了。

7、Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. 心理學(xué)實驗已經(jīng)表明， 這種所謂的內(nèi)在言語可以提高我們處理一些事情的能力， 比如從判斷 別人在想什么，到把圖片分門別類。 The distancing effect of our words can give

8、us a valuable perspective on our actions. 我們的言詞所產(chǎn)生的疏離效果能給我們提供一個審視自己行為的難得視角。 One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as you rather than I. 最近一項研究表明，當(dāng)我們用第二人稱你而不是我來稱呼自己時，自我對話會最有效。 We internalize the private speech we use as children

9、 -but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 我們內(nèi)化了在孩童時期使用的私下話語——但我們卻從未完全放棄大聲說出的方式。 If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. 如果你需要證據(jù)，那就打開體育頻道， You' rebound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. 你一定會看到有那么一兩個運動員在對

10、自己說著鼓勁兒話， 或是在沒投中球后狠狠地責(zé)備自 己。 Con duct ing a dialogue with ourselves -ask ing questi ons of the self and providi ng an swers -seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. 與自己進(jìn)行對話—自問自答—似乎是一種很好的解決問題和理清想法的方式。 The to-and-fro between different points of view means ou

11、r thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. 在不同的觀點之間來來回回好幾遍可以讓我們就像同別人對話一樣讓想法著落在正確的地 方，并且這可能也是促進(jìn)我們?nèi)祟悇?chuàng)造力的關(guān)鍵之一。 Both kinds of self-talk -the silent and the vocal-seem to bring a range of benefits to our think

12、ing. 兩種自言自語的方式——默念和出聲——似乎都給我們的思考帶來很多好處。 Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than *idle chatter. 自我對話——無論是心中默念還是大聲說出——都比閑聊有意義得多。 A Russian military aircraft crashed into the Black Sea on its way to Syria on Sunday, and none of the 92 people on board were expected to

13、have survived, according to the Russian defence ministry. 俄羅斯國防部表示，俄羅斯一架軍用飛機周日在飛往敘利亞途中墜入黑海，機上搭載的 92 人已經(jīng)全部遇難。 Among those on board the Tupolev-154 were members of the well-known Alexandrov Choir, who were to perform at Hmeymim air base. From that base, in Latakia province, Russia has flown most of t

14、he air strikes that ultimately helped turn the Syrian civil war in favour of president Bashar al-Assad. 搭乘這架圖波列夫— 154(Tupolev-154 ，簡稱圖 -154)飛機的乘客包括著名的亞歷山德羅夫 紅旗歌舞團(tuán)合唱團(tuán) (Alexandrov Choir) 的成員，他們此行是為了前往赫邁米姆 (Hmeymim) 的空 軍基地表演。從這個位于敘利亞拉塔基亞省 (Latakia) 的基地起飛的俄軍戰(zhàn)機，執(zhí)行了絕大部 分空襲任務(wù)，最終推動敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)向著有利于巴沙爾 .阿薩德 (Basha

15、r al-Assad) 總統(tǒng)的方向發(fā) 展。 The aircraft, which had come from Moscow, departed from Sochi at 5.30am local time after a refuelling stop and disappeared from the radar within minutes. By mid-morning the defence ministry said a search mission had spotted the wreckage and some bodies off the Black Sea coast

16、. 這架飛機從莫斯科起飛，在索契停留加油后于當(dāng)?shù)貢r間清晨 5時 30 分再次起飛，幾分鐘后 從雷達(dá)上消失。 當(dāng)天上午， 俄羅斯國防部稱， 搜索小組在黑海岸邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了飛機殘骸和一些遇 難者的遺體。 Coming only days after Russia 's ambassador Andrei Karlov wdaesasdhoint the Turkish capital of Ankara by a gunman who invoked the Syrian city of Aleppo, the crash could again draw attention to Moscow'

17、smilitary campaign in Syria — not a big topic for public opinion in the country so far. 僅僅幾天前， 俄羅斯大使安德烈 .卡洛夫 (Andrei Karlov) 在俄羅斯首都安卡拉遭到一名呼喊了 與阿勒頗 (Aleppo) 相關(guān)口號的襲擊者槍擊身亡，此次墜機事件可能再次把人們的注意力吸引 到俄羅斯在敘利亞的軍事行動上——迄今這并非俄羅斯公眾輿論的重要話題。 According to a passenger list published by the defence ministry, the aircr

18、aft carried 64 members of the choir, nine journalists, eight soldiers, two other government officials, one aid worker and a crew of eight. 據(jù)俄羅斯國防部公布的乘客名單顯示，這架飛機上共搭載了 64 名合唱隊成員、 9 名記者、 8 名軍人、另外 2 名政府官員、 1 名援助工作者和 8名機組成員。 On the list was Elizaveta Glinka, a prominent aid worker widely known as “ Dr

19、Liza ” , who w bring medicines to the university hos pital in Latakia. “ We hoped for a miracle until the end. She herself was a miracle, a heavenly messenger of virtue, ” Mikhail Fedotov, head of the presidential human rights council, said in an obituary. 名單上包括被廣泛稱為“麗莎醫(yī)生” (Dr Liza) 的著名援助工作者伊麗莎白

20、 .格林卡 (Elizaveta Glinka) ，她此行的目的是給拉塔基亞省的大學(xué)醫(yī)院送藥。 “我們曾希望最后會有奇跡出現(xiàn)。 她本人就是奇跡，是來自天上的美德使者， ”總統(tǒng)人權(quán)理事會的負(fù)責(zé)人米哈伊爾 .費多托夫 (Mikhail Fedotov) 在訃告中表示。 Russian media quoted anonymous sources as saying investigators were focusing on a technical malfunction as a potential cause of the crash. But the Kremlin said it w

21、as too early to speculate about the cause. 俄羅斯媒體援引匿名消息來源稱，調(diào)查人員目前對墜機可能原因的調(diào)查重點放在機械故障 上。但是克里姆林宮表示，現(xiàn)在推斷事故原因為時過早。 The Tupolev 154, designed in the 1960s, was the standard aircraft model in civil aviation during the later Soviet years and the period after the collapse of the USSR. While Russian state ca

22、rrier Aeroflot has since replaced most Tupolevs with new imported Boeing or Airbus aircraft, the Russian military continues to use many ageing Tupolevs. 圖-154 機型于上世紀(jì) 60 年代設(shè)計，是蘇聯(lián)末期和解體后一段時間內(nèi)民航使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機型。 盡管自那之后國有的俄羅斯國際航空公司 (Aeroflot) 已經(jīng)以新引進(jìn)的波音 (Boeing) 或空客 (Airbus) 飛機替換了絕大部分圖波列夫飛機，但是俄羅斯軍方繼續(xù)使用很多老舊的圖波列夫 飛

23、機。 The age of the aircraft could not immediately be confirmed. The defence ministry said it was flown by an experienced pilot. The Tupolev was last repaired in 2014 and had undergone a maintenance check this year. 這架飛機的機齡無法得到立即證實。 俄羅斯國防部稱， 該機的駕駛員經(jīng)驗豐富。 這架圖波列 夫上一次維修是在 2014 年，今年也進(jìn)行了維修檢查。 The Investi

24、gative Committee, the federal government body that probes large and severe criminal cases, opened a criminal investigation into the crash — a routine measure. 俄羅斯調(diào)查大型和嚴(yán)重刑事案件的聯(lián)邦政府機構(gòu)——偵查委員會 (Investigative Committee) 對 此次墜機事件啟動了刑事調(diào)查，這是一種例行措施。 President Vladimir Putin sent condolences to the families o

25、f the victims and ordered Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev to personally oversee a government investigation into the crash. 俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾 .普京 (Vladimir Putin) 向遇難者家屬表達(dá)了哀悼， 并且命令總理德米特 里 . 梅德韋杰夫 (Dmitry Medvedev) 親自掛帥政府調(diào)查。 HONG KONG — The Japanese public pays careful attention to the words and deeds of Car

26、oline Kennedy, the United States am bassador to Japan and one of the State Department -known' s best diplomats. 香港——對于美國駐日大使、國務(wù)院最為人所熟知的外交官之一卡洛琳 ?肯尼迪 (Caroline Kenn edy)的一言一行，日本民眾都十分關(guān)注。 But Ms Kennedy generated an unusual buzz in Tokyo this week by doing something that is almost certainly not in h

27、er job description: wearing a Santa suit and dancing in a quirky video. 但本周， 肯尼迪做了一件在她職責(zé)之外的事情： 在一段古怪的視頻中穿著圣誕老人的衣服跳 舞，這在東京引起了一陣不同尋常的轟動。 The 93-second video, uploaded to on Tuesday, features United States Embassy employees and consular officials across Japan mimicking dance moves from We Married as

28、a Job!, a popular Japanese television series. 這個時長93秒的視頻是在周二被上傳到 上的，展示了來自日本各地的美國大使館 職員和領(lǐng)事官員模仿熱門日本電視劇《逃避雖可恥但有用》中的舞蹈。 By Friday afternoon, the video had been viewed more than 3.5 million times on . 到了周五下午，這段視頻在 上的播放量已達(dá) 350 萬。 Some social media users said the timing of the video 's release, 有社交媒體

29、用戶說這段視頻的發(fā)布時間有欠考慮。 one week after an American military Osprey aircraft crash-landed off Okinawa, setting off anti-American protests, was indelicate. 此前一周，一架美國軍用魚鷹 (Osprey)飛機在沖繩墜毀，引發(fā)了反美抗議。 But many others welcomed it as pure entertainment or as a sign of warm ties between the two countries. 但也有不少人

30、對該視頻表示歡迎， 認(rèn)為它純屬娛樂， 也有人將其視作兩國間友好關(guān)系的表現(xiàn)。 Wow, this is great, one person wrote in Japanese on . 哇，這不錯，有人在 上寫道。 Americans are really good at getting carried away. 美國人很容易被帶動， A boring Japanese government would never do this. 無趣的日本政府永遠(yuǎn)都不會這樣做。 The television series premiered in October and stars a love

31、lorn information technology worker who hires an unemployed woman to pretend to be his wife and do chores around his Tokyo apartment. 這部于十月首播的電視劇講述了一個從事信息技術(shù)工作的人雇傭了一名失業(yè)女子為其東京 的公寓做家務(wù)，后者假扮為他的妻子。 They end up falling in love. 二人最后相愛了。 The show 's closing dance features five characters performing goofy

32、, choreographed moves in the man' s living room, to the sounds of a peppy song titled Koi, '' or Love. 這部電視劇結(jié)尾的舞蹈，是五名劇中人在男子的客廳中伴隨著活潑的歌曲，表演著傻乎乎、 經(jīng)過編排的舞蹈動作，歌曲名為 Koi (愛)。 It became a sensation on Japanesesocial media, and people around the country — including a group of famous figure skaters — have u

33、ploaded their own versions of the Koi Dance. 這段舞在日本社交媒體上引發(fā)了轟動， 來自日本各地的人們都上傳了自己表演這段愛之舞的 視頻。 In the embassy 's version, MesnKnedy performs the opening move, which looks vaguely like a yoga pose, to the song from the show. 在大使館的版本中， 伴隨著電視劇中的歌曲， 肯尼迪表演了看起來像是瑜伽姿勢的開場動作， Other scenes show members of her s

34、taff dancing around their offices in Christmas hats and sweaters, as one official lip syncs the lyrics. 其他的場景則是她的工作人員戴著圣誕帽、 穿著圣誕毛衣， 在辦公室里跳舞， 還有一名官員 對口型唱著歌詞。 The video also includes a cameo by a person dressed as the bear Kumamon, the rosy-cheeked mascot for the southern prefecture of Kumamoto, who

35、dances beside a team of fake reindeer. 視頻里還有一個人身穿熊本熊服裝，在一群假馴鹿旁跳舞。 Asked to comment on the video, Jonas D. Stewart, 當(dāng)被要求對這段視頻置評時，日本大使館發(fā)言人喬納斯 ？D?斯圖爾特(Jonas D. Stewart) an embassy spokesman in Tokyo, said that quite a few of the embassy 's Japanese and American staff members were fans of the televi

36、sion show, and that they had been inspired to interpret the Koi Dance after watching others on social media. 說大使館不少日本和美國工作人員都是這部劇的粉絲，在看到別人在社交媒體上的視頻后， 萌生了模仿愛之舞的想法。 He also expressed gratitude to Kumamon for agreeing to dance in the embassy ' s video. 他還對熊本熊愿意在視頻中跳舞表達(dá)了感謝之情。 We thought people would

37、 enjoy it, he said, but we had no idea how popular it would become. 我們覺得人們會喜歡，他說，但完全沒想到會有多受歡迎。 ll along, the Memphis Grizzlies could offer Mike Conley things that no other suitor could: 一直以來，孟菲斯灰熊隊都能給康利其他追求者所不能媲美的條件： More money and security through a five-year deal; the chance to build on a career

38、— long investment in Memphis; 一份長達(dá)五年的合同，且合同的金額最高 (鳥權(quán)) 以及穩(wěn)固的球隊地位；可以在一支球隊從 一而終； Friendships and equity throughout the Grizzlies organization and a competitive atmosphere enriched by both the familiar and the potential for growth. 遍布球隊上上下下數(shù)不盡的友誼和權(quán)益； 一個既熟悉又具有成長潛力， 充滿競爭力的球隊環(huán) 境。 The intersection of th

39、ose factors made a return to Memphis likely but an agreement on the opening day of free agency confirmed the premise Conley will continue his career with the Grizzlies on a five-year, $153 million deal—— a true max for his experience bracket and the richest overall contract in NBA history. 所有這些因素的交

40、集都預(yù)示著康利將在交易期與灰熊隊完成續(xù)約， 但是直到自由市場開啟的 第一天，這個決定才最終證實了之前的猜測。康利與灰熊隊簽訂了一份為期 5 年高達(dá) 1.53 億的合同， 因此他將在孟菲斯繼續(xù)自己的職業(yè)生涯——在現(xiàn)有勞資協(xié)議架構(gòu)下， 以康利的資 歷能拿到的最大合同，也是 NBA 歷史上單筆最昂貴的合同。 The specifics of Conley 's contract are understandably shocking. 康利合同的細(xì)節(jié)雖然容易理解，但還是令人驚嘆。 Conley is a few tiers removed from the best players at

41、 his position and otherwise bears little resemblance to a conventional superstar. 康利是除去這個位置那幾個最強的家伙以外最強的控球后衛(wèi)之一了， 在其他方面他和傳統(tǒng)的 超級巨星并無相似之處。 Yet he ' ll be compensated above and beyond any of the league ' s greats due to the intersection of his free agency and the NBA's greatest financial boom. 然而這一

42、次，由于他進(jìn)入自由市場，以及 NBA 的工資帽飛漲，他將得到遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于聯(lián)盟其他 巨星的補償。 Do not see that as a reason to punish him or take his deal, in itself, as some indictment. 不要以此為理由來懲罰他，或者以此來控訴他這份超大的合同。 Prized free agents can only be paid what the Prized free agents can only be paid what their market allows. 被認(rèn)為最有價值的自由球員也只能得到市場規(guī)則允許的

43、報價。 Conley just happened to step into the richest, most uninhibited market the NBA has ever seen at a time when his game warranted the investment of a max contract. 康利只是恰好來到了這個聯(lián)盟中前所未有的最為富有， 最不受約束的交易期， 而他的比賽表 現(xiàn)又確保他值得這樣一份頂薪合同而已。 Memphis was ultimately the team to pay it but not the only team to off

44、er, Dallas, for example, very much wanted Conley but didn 'htave enough to motivate his signing. Other teams, San Antonio among them, looked into what it might take to add Conley and just how interested he might be in moving. 孟菲斯是最終為康利買單的一支球隊， 可它并不是唯一一支愿意為他開出頂薪的球隊。 比如 說，達(dá)拉斯小牛隊也非常想簽下康利， 但是他們沒有什么促使康利

45、簽約的強烈動機。 其他球 隊，包括圣安東尼奧馬刺隊， 他們仔細(xì)研究過簽下康利所需付出的代價以及他到底有多大的 出走意愿。 Nothing that Conley heard in his meetings with other teams or through his representation was enough to sway him. 然而在與諸多球隊的會晤中， 康利并沒有聽到什么令他動心的條件， 從他的言談中我們也沒 有什么聽到什么動搖的跡象。 Memphis began as the frontrunner and ended as a closer. 于是孟菲斯既是最初的

46、領(lǐng)跑者，也成了終結(jié)了這樁交易的最終買家。 Conley ' s return cements this as the biggest and most expensive -osfef ason in Grizzlies history. 康利的回歸促成了灰熊迎來隊史上最聲勢浩大，也是最所費不貲的一個夏天。 Chandler Parsons will join Conley in Memphis on another, smaller max deal — the third max that this notoriously cost-conscious organization has

47、 agreed to in the past year or so. 錢德勒 -帕森斯也將以一份稍小的頂薪合同加盟灰熊，和康利并肩作戰(zhàn)。這已經(jīng)是這支以成 本控制著稱的球隊去年以來開出的第三份頂薪合同了。 康利 Memphis will still need to figure out how to invigorate its offense and activate its dormant defense while learning how to operate under a new coaching staff, though the fact that players like

48、 Conley and Parsons will be a central part of those efforts is reason for optimism. 灰熊還需要搞清楚應(yīng)該怎樣在新的教練體系下盤活他們的進(jìn)攻， 并如何激活他們處在沉睡狀 態(tài)中的防守，盡管康利和帕森斯參與其中可以給他們樂觀的理由。 Change is a function of capability. 變革會導(dǎo)致能力的變化。 Conley ' s return preserves much of it and enticed Parsons to add more, reinvigorating a franc

49、hise that was at risk of drifting from the league ' s more competitive ranks. 康利的回歸讓球隊元氣未傷， 為球隊招攬帕森斯可以讓球隊實力增強， 灰熊在競爭日益激烈 的西部有掉隊危險，康利和帕森斯將會幫助他們走向復(fù)興。 Paying to keep Conley was both an act of preservation and a very necessary move for a franchise without much reasonable alternative. 花大價錢挽留康利不僅僅是保存實

50、力的一種舉動， 更是在球隊沒有更多可行辦法的情況下的 一步必要之舉。 Just last summer Conley helped entice Marc Gasol to return, as their partnership had become the functional centerpiece of Grizzlies basketball. 就在去年夏天，康利還幫助球隊成功地留住了馬克 -加索爾，二人的組合也成為了目前灰熊 籃球體系的功能核心。 For Memphis to turn around a year later and short Conley in a co

51、mpetitive market would compromise that foundational arrangement. 對孟菲斯而言， 在大概一年之后， 如果沒能在火爆的自由球員市場中拿下康利， 當(dāng)前球隊的 建隊基石也將隨之動搖。 It 's natural to worry about the final years of Conley ' lsmdaekael, uinpwahricdhs hoef $30 'l million as a 31-, 32-, and 33-year-old. 很自然的， 人們會擔(dān)心康利最后幾年合同的價值， 因為那個時候他將會以 31，32

52、 和 33 歲的 “高齡”每年領(lǐng)到超過 3000 萬美元的薪水。 It 'usnderstandable to worry about what Conley 'rescent injury history (a combination of freak accidents and more concerning ailments) might mean for this team as he ages and his salary climbs, all alongside two other highly-paid teammates who have missed time of la

53、te. 考慮到康利近期的傷病史可能會對球隊造成影響(一次較大的意外以及接連不斷的小傷小 病)，尤其是當(dāng)他的年齡和薪酬都在日漸增長的時候，隊中另外兩位高薪球員也都因傷錯過 大量的比賽，所以這種擔(dān)心也并非不無道理。 Yet we can 't tperned as if the Grizzlies could opt for half-measure replacements or a refusal of Conley ' s contract on principle without it amounting to a franchise reset. 然而我們也不能假裝灰熊會找個半吊子的替

54、代品或者在不重建的前提下拒絕康利的合同吧。 That ' s how much even a s-usbuperstar guard can mean in the right context. 康利的成功表明， 對于一個準(zhǔn)巨星級別的球員而言， 如果能處在正確的位置上也能獲得大額 的頂薪合同。 The clever, jitterbug improvisations of Conley 'osff -the-dribble work make the most of even simple basketball actions. 康利聰明，像舞步般的即興運球表演能夠讓簡單的籃球動作發(fā)揮它最

55、大的價值。 Few can match the diversity of his in-between game. 很少有人能夠匹敵康利在中距離的豐富進(jìn)攻手段。 Defensively, Conley walks the fine line between pestering opponents and keeping good guarding position. 在防守端，康利能夠很好地掌控好防守的分寸，既能騷擾對手又能保持住自己的防守位置。 Never does Conley need to be prompted to give up the ball, nor is he r

56、eluctant to shoot when the opportunity calls for it. Some aspects of Conley ' s game will fade with age, as happens with all players and smaller guards in particular. 而且他從不獨占球權(quán)， 也不會在其他隊友出現(xiàn)機會時選擇勉強出手。 康利的一些特質(zhì)會隨著 歲月逐漸消退，這對所有的球員都適用，尤其是小個子的控球后衛(wèi)尤為如此。 Yet as much as anything, the Grizzlies are paying for Conley as a leader, an intelligent operator on the floor, and a franchise institution. 也是球隊 然而，灰熊所付出的薪水更多則是因為康利是球隊的領(lǐng)袖， 是明智的球場指揮官, 的象征。