高考英語外研版選修7Module4《Music Born in America》知識(shí)與要點(diǎn)

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,,1．decline v．&n.衰退，下降，減少；謝絕，拒絕 歸納拓展 (1)fall into (a) decline開始衰退 be in decline處于下降、衰退中 on the decline在下坡路上；在衰退(減少) (2)decline by下降了…… decline to do sth.拒絕做某事 (3)(反)increase n．&v.增加 on the increase在增加,例句：His interest in computer games is now in decline. 他對(duì)電腦游戲的興趣開始減退。 The number of tourists to the resort declined by 30% because of the terrorist attack last year. 去年由于恐怖襲擊，到這個(gè)旅游勝地旅游的人數(shù)減少了30%。 Their spokesman declined to comment on the allegations.他們的發(fā)言人拒絕對(duì)這些指控加以評(píng)論。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The number of the tourists to the resort ________ 10%. A．declined by B．declined to C．decline by D．decline to 【解析】 decline by“下降了……”。句意為：到這個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)的游客數(shù)量下降了10%。decline to“下降到……”，不合題意。 【答案】 A,2．harmony n．協(xié)調(diào)，融洽 歸納拓展 (1)in harmony with sb./sth.與……協(xié)調(diào)；與……相配 out of harmony with sb./sth.與……不協(xié)調(diào) live/work in harmony一起生活/工作得融洽 (2)harmonious adj.和諧的，協(xié)調(diào)的，和睦的 例句：His suggestions are in harmony with the aims of this project.他的建議和本項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)相符。,What you did yesterday was out of harmony with our plan. 你昨天的所作所為與我們的計(jì)劃不一致。 Everyone wishes to have a harmonious family. 每個(gè)人都希望有一個(gè)和睦的家庭。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 We had to rely on our own intelligence to creat______and balance with the environment during development. A．importance B．a(chǎn)greement C．effect D．harmony 【解析】 句意為：在發(fā)展期間，我們要依靠自己的智慧去創(chuàng)造環(huán)境的和諧與平衡。harmony“和諧，協(xié)調(diào)”，符合題意。 【答案】 D,3．devote vt.把(時(shí)間、精力等)貢獻(xiàn)給……，致力于…… 歸納拓展 (1)devote oneself/one's life/time/energy to sth./doing sth.把生命/時(shí)間/精力投入到……，專心致力于…… (2)devoted adj.疼愛的；忠實(shí)的 be devoted to獻(xiàn)身于，專心致志于(to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，不接動(dòng)詞原形) devotion n．深愛，忠誠(chéng)；奉獻(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)身,例句：Net chat may be interesting，but you should not devote all your time to it. 網(wǎng)上聊天或許很有趣，但你不應(yīng)該把所有的時(shí)間都用在這上面。 The doctor is determined to devote his whole life to his career. 那位醫(yī)生下決心一生都致力于自己的事業(yè)。 He was at one time so devoted to playing the piano. 他曾經(jīng)那么沉迷于彈鋼琴。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 A brilliant idea occurred to him，________to his research in the lab. A．while devoting B．while devoting himself C．while he was devoted D．while devoted 【解析】 句意為：他有了一個(gè)絕妙的想法，那就是致力于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究。sb. be devoted to sth.或sb. devoted oneself to sth.意為“專心致志于，獻(xiàn)身于”。 【答案】 C,4．quit v．(quit—quit—quit—quitting；quit—quitted—quitted—quitting)離開，離去；停止做某事；擺脫某人/某物 歸納拓展 (1)quit office/school辭職/退學(xué) (2)be quit of sb./sth.擺脫某人/某事物 quit doing sth.停止做某事 例句：If I don't get more money，I'll quit. 如果不給我加薪我就辭職。 Quit smoking in this room，please.室內(nèi)請(qǐng)勿吸煙。 You're well quit of him.你可擺脫他了。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 He decided to ________ the job after he quarrelled with the manager. A．stop B．block C．loosen D．quit 【解析】 句意為：他與經(jīng)理爭(zhēng)吵過后決定辭去工作。quit意為“辭職，放棄”，符合題意。 【答案】 D,1．take advantage of利用 歸納拓展 (1)have/gain/win/get an advantage over比……有優(yōu)勢(shì)，勝過，優(yōu)于 to sb.’s advantage＝to the advantage of sb.對(duì)某人有利，有利于某人 have the advantage of具有……的有利條件 (2)類似的表達(dá)還有： make use of利用，使用 make full use of sth.充分利用某物,make good use of sth.很好地利用某物 make the best use of sth.最好地利用某物 make very little use of sth.很少利用某物 例句：I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of. 我希望這座圖書館能被充分利用。 He had the advantage over other boys of being born into a rich family. 他出生于有錢人家，所以比其他男孩子條件優(yōu)越。 This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel.這個(gè)方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 This agreement is to their advantage，in my opinion. 依我看，這項(xiàng)協(xié)議對(duì)他們有利。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①He ________ Tom's ignorance to sell him a worthless car. A．took advantage of B．took care of C．took delight in D．took charge of 【解析】 考查take的相關(guān)短語。句意為：他利用湯姆的無知賣給了他一輛廢車。take advantage of“利用”；take care of“照顧”；take delight in“喜歡，以……為樂”；take charge of“掌管”，由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 A,②We should pay much attention to the use we ________ our spare time，so that we can make rapid progress in our studies. A．make from B．make up C．make up of D．make of 【解析】 題中we make of our spare time為定語從句，其先行詞為use，即與從句中的make of構(gòu)成make use of短語。 【答案】 D,2．rather than而不是 歸納拓展 (1)rather than連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 (2)or rather與其說……不如說……；更確切地說 other than除……之外(常用于否定句中) 例句：I prefer to go there on foot rather than take a bus. 我寧愿步行去那里而不愿坐車去。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。 He，rather than you，is to blame. 是他，而不是你應(yīng)受責(zé)備。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①________，Mary is sleepy, she insists on finishing her homework rather than________to sleep. A．While；going B．Though；goes C．As；going D．Despite；go 【解析】 空一考查while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法；空二考查rather than前后一致的用法，由finishing可知應(yīng)選going。句意為：盡管瑪麗很困了，但是她堅(jiān)持要完成作業(yè)才去睡覺。 【答案】 A,②Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings ________ harm them. A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．or rather 【解析】 考查短語意義辨析。句意為：大多數(shù)人一致認(rèn)為核實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該被發(fā)展為造福人類而不是禍害人類。rather than而不是；other than“除了”；more than“比……多”；or rather“更確切地說”，由題意可知A項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 A,1．As well as attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home，Cantopop has spread offshore，and its stars are known in Beijing，London and New York. 粵語流行音樂不僅僅吸引了香港本地的大量聽眾，而且傳到海外的其他國(guó)家，香港的歌星在北京、倫敦和紐約都很有名。 as well as用于肯定句中，起連接作用，意為“既……又……，不僅……而且……”。,歸納拓展 (1)as well as作“和，同”講，具有連詞性質(zhì)，常用來連接兩個(gè)并列成分。如果連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與as well as前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。若連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)as后常用動(dòng)名詞形式。 (2)在表達(dá)“不但……而且……”之意時(shí)，as well as側(cè)重前者，而not only.but also.側(cè)重后者。連接并列主語時(shí)，not only.but also.按照就近原則確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。 例句：They own a house in Jinan as well as a villa in Qingdao. 他們不僅在濟(jì)南有一棟房子，而且在青島還有一座別墅。,She is lively as well as healthy.她既健康又活潑。 Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海倫和我一樣急于要看演出。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①Tom as well as his classmates often ________ in the library. A．reads B．read C．to read D．reading 【解析】 as well as連接兩個(gè)并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與其前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 【答案】 A,②________ does he do his own work well，________ he helps others with their work. A．Either；or B．Not only；but also C．Neither；nor D．Both；and 【解析】 句意為：他不但把自己的工作做好，而且還幫助其他人。not only.but also.“不但……，而且……”，且當(dāng)not only放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，符合題意。 【答案】 B,2．“My message is that it doesn’t matter if you’re black，white，fat，thin，old and young—we’re all the same，it’s a great world and you can do something with your life.” “我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人，肥胖還是瘦小，年長(zhǎng)還是年幼，這些都不重要——我們都是一樣的，這是一個(gè)美妙的世界，你可以在有生之年做些事情?！?It doesn’t matter (＋從句)/It won’t matter(＋從句)……沒關(guān)系，不要緊,歸納拓展 (1)It doesn't matter (to sb.)＋從句……(對(duì)某人來說)沒關(guān)系，不要緊 It matters a lot/a great deal(＋從句)……非常重要 what matters is.唯一要緊的是…… (2)no matter who/why/what.無論誰/為什么/什么(引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句) as a matter of fact實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 It doesn't matter.沒關(guān)系，無所謂。 to make matters (the matter) worse更糟的是 What's the matter with.？……怎么了？,例句：It doesn’t matter what you wear，as long as you look neat and tidy. 只要看起來干凈整潔，你穿什么都可以。 It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.其他人怎么看她對(duì)她來說極為重要。 As a matter of fact，she was responsible for the accident.實(shí)際上，她應(yīng)對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①－Oh，sorry，Jane.I took your dictionary by mistake. －________. A．That’s right B．It doesn’t matter C．You’re welcome D．Never think about it 【解析】 此題考查情景交際。“It doesn’t matter.”是用來回答別人的道歉的，意思是“沒關(guān)系”。 【答案】 B,②I couldn't understand ________ with me. A．the matter was what B．what was the matter C．what the matter was D．that was the matter 【解析】 what was the matter with me意為“我怎么了”，what作主語。 【答案】 B,1．時(shí)間狀語從句 (1)定義：在句子中起時(shí)間狀語作用的句子稱為時(shí)間狀語從句，可放在句首，句中和句尾。 (2)引導(dǎo)詞 歸納拓展 常用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：when，while，as，after，before，since，ever since，till，until，once，whenever，every time，each time，by the time，the first time，the next time，as soon as.，no sooner.than.，hardly.when，the moment等。,(3)具體用法 ①when，while，as的用法 歸納拓展 (1)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞，除此之外，when還有“那時(shí)(突然)，這時(shí)(突然)”之意，常用于下列句式：was/were doing.when.“正……突然……”；was/were about to do.when.“正要……突然……”；had just done.when.“剛……突然就……”，此時(shí)when為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句。,(2)while和as都可譯為“在……期間；正當(dāng)……時(shí)”，表示主句中的動(dòng)作和從句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。但while從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而as從句的謂語動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可是瞬間動(dòng)詞。 (3)as還可譯為“隨著”，表示事態(tài)或狀況的變化或發(fā)展過程；just as是固定搭配，意為“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”。 ②before除意為“在……之前”外，還有“還未……就……”；“不到……就……”；“……才……”；“趁著還沒……就……”；“還沒來得及……就……”等意思。 例句：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。,Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量了尺寸。 ③before和since的用法 before可構(gòu)成句型；It will (not) be.before和It was (not)．before.，意為“多久之后才……”/“不久……就……”。 例句：It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后我才回來。 It won’t be long before we meet again. 不久我們會(huì)再相見的。,since可構(gòu)成句型：It is/has been.since.，意為“做某事已有多久了”，這時(shí)since從句的謂語為瞬間動(dòng)詞；意為“已有多久沒做某事了”時(shí)，since從句的謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞。 例句：It’s three years since the war broke out. 自從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)，到現(xiàn)在已有三年了。 It’s one year since she was in our class. 她不在我們班有一年了。,主句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句和從句都用肯定句式，意為“一直到”，表示主句動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才終止；主句謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用否定式，從句用肯定式，意思是“直到……才”，表示主句動(dòng)作到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才開始。 例句：He studied until/till it was 9：00. 他一直學(xué)到九點(diǎn)。 He didn’t study until/till it was 9：00. 他到九點(diǎn)才學(xué)習(xí)。 注意：until可置于句首，而till則不可放在句首；另外，not until位于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序。,例句：Until you told me I had no idea of it. ＝Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。 歸納拓展 表達(dá)“一……就……”的短語有no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.等。 例句：No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. →I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.我還未來得及講話，他就掛斷了電話。 Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening. →I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening.我還沒來得及告訴他我的名字，他就不聽了。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①You'd better voice your opinion publicly ________ you feel it the best time for it at the meeting. A．that B．until C．when D．where 【解析】 when you feel it the best time for it at the meeting是時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“在會(huì)議上當(dāng)你覺得是最合適的時(shí)候”。 【答案】 C,②The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort ______ he returned to his office. A．until B．while C．by the time D．the moment 【解析】 句意為：公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)許諾說一回到辦公室就會(huì)解決這種問題。the moment意為“一……就……”，表時(shí)間，在句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選D。 【答案】 D,③____ time went on，he proved he was suitable for the job. A．As B．With C．When D．While 【解析】 句意為：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他證明了他能勝任這份工作。由句意可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)是介詞，其后不能接句子，故A項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 A,④It is 3 years ________ he left，so he is eager to know what his hometown is like. A．before B．since C．when D．a(chǎn)s 【解析】 句意為：自從他離開家鄉(xiāng)已有3年了，所以他是如此熱切的想知道他的家鄉(xiāng)是什么樣子了。具有干擾性的是A項(xiàng)，試比較：It will be 3 years before he leaves.三年后，他要離開。故B項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 B,2．省略 為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。從句法的角度分析，省略句常有以下三種類型： (1)簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 ①人稱(有時(shí)包括謂語)的省略。 例句：—How is your mother today? 你母親今天感覺怎么樣？ —(She is) Much better.她好多了。 —(Are you)tired？你累了嗎？ —Yes，I am(tired)．是的，我很累。,②感嘆句根據(jù)上下文的省略。 例句：How beautiful (it is)！真漂亮！ How hard (they are working)！真辛苦??！ ③名詞所有格后的名詞，如果是表示在住宅、店鋪、教室或上下文已經(jīng)暗示或明確指出過的事物時(shí)，常省略。 例句：At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days. 在她母親房間里，她度過了許多愉快的日子。 I’m going to the doctor’s (clinic)． 我去診所。,④表示年齡的years old和表示鐘表的o’clock等常省略。 例句：I am thirteen (years old)．我十三歲。 ⑤介詞的省略。在waste，spend，have trouble/difficulty等跟v.-ing時(shí)，介詞in常省略，在prevent，stop等后的from常省略。 例句：Don’t waste time (in) quarrelling with him. 不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和他爭(zhēng)吵。 Ways must be found to stop them (from) polluting our environment. 必須找到讓他們停止污染環(huán)境的方法。,⑥不定式的省略。保留不定式符號(hào)to，省略動(dòng)詞。有些動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，如have，ought，want，be going，wish，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，expect，be about，be sure，be certain，be likely，be ready，be supposed，be obliged，be bound等的后面，為避免重復(fù)，只用不定式符號(hào)to表示不定式。 例句：—Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation？暑假期間你要去上課嗎？ —Yes，I have to(take a course) though I don’t want to (take a course)． 是的，盡管不愿意但必須去。,—Have you ever been to the seaside? 你去過海邊嗎？ —No，we can’t afford to (go to the seaside)． 沒有，我們支付不起(去海邊的費(fèi)用)。 注意：如承前省略的不定式內(nèi)容中含有be或作助動(dòng)詞用的have，to后要保留be或have。 例句：—Are you a teacher？你是教師嗎？ —No，but I used to be.不是，但我過去是。 John didn’t come，but he ought to have. 約翰沒來，但他本該來的。,(2)并列句中的省略 在不影響句意的情況下，并列句中后邊分句與前邊分句相同的部分都可以省略。 例句：I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues (take some exercise)． 周末我做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我的同事也做。 She was poor but (she was) honest. 盡管她貧窮但她很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 (3)復(fù)合句中的省略 ①主句中的省略。常見于句首或回答問題時(shí)，只用從句。,例句：—Why are you late？你為什么遲到了？ —(I’m late)Because my watch doesn’t work. 因?yàn)槲业氖直硗Ａ恕?②從句中的省略 a．賓語從句 主句、從句的謂語相同時(shí)，可以省略從句中的全部謂語甚至主語。 例句：She didn’t attend the concert，but I wonder why (she didn’t attend the concert)． 她沒有去聽音樂會(huì)，但我想知道為什么。,在賓語從句中常省略連詞，但當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可以省略。 例句：She said (that) I should spend more time with children and that it was a must if I wanted to be a good parent. 她說我應(yīng)該多陪陪孩子并且說如果我想成為一個(gè)好的家長(zhǎng)這是必須的。 b．定語從句 可以省略作定語的關(guān)系代詞that，which或whom，當(dāng)它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中作賓語時(shí)。 例句：Please show me the coat (that) you bought yesterday.請(qǐng)給我看一下你昨天買的外套。,在非正式文體中，關(guān)系副詞when，why，way后面的that，as后面的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可以省略。 例句：The way (that) he conducted his class impressed me deeply.他管理班級(jí)的方式給我留下很深的印象。 He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.他給了我同先前一模一樣的答案。 c．狀語從句 在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果主句、從句的主語一致或從句主語是it，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞又包含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。,例句：When (they were) first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success. 當(dāng)首批產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)后，它們收到了良好的效果。 I’ll lend you one if (it is) necessary. 如果有必要，我可以借給你一個(gè)。 在由than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中，在不造成誤解的前提下，任何成分都可能省略。,例句：I love you better than he (loves you)．我比他愛你。 You hate him as much as I (hate him)． 我同你一樣討厭他。 d．在think，expect，hope，believe，guess，imagine，be afraid，suppose后，常用so或not代替從句，作簡(jiǎn)略的肯定或否定回答。 例句：—Is it going to rain？天要下雨嗎？ —I guess so./I hope not. 我想是這樣。/我不希望下。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①I really don't think Tony will be upset，but I will go and see him in case he ________. A．is B．has been C．will be D．does 【解析】 該題不但考查句子的省略，而且還考查了句子中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。in case連接的從句，表示條件，必須使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，故首先排除選項(xiàng)B、C。根據(jù)句意，從句部分省略了is upset，故用is來代替與前面相同的內(nèi)容。 【答案】 A,②—What's the matter with John? —He didn't pass the test but he still ________. A．hopes so B．hopes to C．hopes it D．hopes that 【解析】 該題后一分句中用作賓語的不定式的內(nèi)容與前一分句相同，這時(shí)，常用不定式符號(hào)to來代替。該題完整句子應(yīng)為．but he still hopes to pass the test.。 【答案】 B,③—How are you getting on with your English? —Oh，great.Things are going as well as________. A．plans B．planning C．planned D．to plan 【解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。as well as planned意思是“如計(jì)劃的那樣”，相當(dāng)于as well as they are planned。 【答案】 C,④When ________ the street，please be careful. A．cross B．crossed C．crossing D．to cross 【解析】 考查狀語從句中的省略，補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)為When you are crossing the street.，故C項(xiàng)正確。 【答案】 C,,Loading… …,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,