0053-工藝夾具-差速器殼工藝規(guī)程和鉆端面12個(gè)12.5mm孔鉆床夾具設(shè)計(jì)
0053-工藝夾具-差速器殼工藝規(guī)程和鉆端面12個(gè)12.5mm孔鉆床夾具設(shè)計(jì),工藝,夾具,差速器,規(guī)程,以及,端面,12,十二,mm,妹妹,鉆床,設(shè)計(jì)
附錄
Automobile differential device
The motor car engine power after the coupling, the transmission gearbox, the drive shaft, the final biography delivers driving axle about to assign again for semi axis actuates the wheel, in this transmission of power way, driving axle is last always becomes, its major component is the reduction gear and the differential device. The reduction gear function is decelerates increases rectangular, this function depends entirely on between the gear and the gear meshes completes, compared with is easy to understand. But the differential device quite is difficult to understand that, what is called the differential device, why wants "the difference fast"?
The automobile differential device is actuation host. Its function is while to two side semi axis transmissions powers, allows nearby two semi axis to revolve by the different rotational speed, satisfies two side wheels to the form which purely rolls not to make same lengge the travel as far as possible, reduces the tire and the ground friction.automobile when the corner the wheel trajectoryis a circular arc, if the automobile ten left is curved, the circular arc central point in left side, in the same time, the arc which right flank the wheel walks compared to a left side turn of Zichang, in order to balance this difference left side, wants wheel slow, right side wheel quick, makes up the distance with the different rotational speed the difference.
If back wheel makes a whole, is unable to achieve two sides wheels the rotational speed difference, also is cannot achieve the automatic control. In order to solve this problem, as early as in 100 years ago, French Reynold car company's founder Louis Reynold designed the differential device this gadget ordinary differential device by the planet gear, planetary gear, components and so on rear axle shaft gear has been composed. The engine power classics and commentaries moving axis enters the differential device, the direct drive planetary gear frame, leads left, right two again by the planetary gear semi axis, separately actuates left, the right wheel. The differential device design request satisfies: (leftsemi axis rotational speed) (rightsemi axis rotational speed) =2 (planetary gear rotational speed). When automobile go alone, is left, the right wheel and a planetary gear three rotational speed equally is at the state of equilibrium, but when automobile curve three states of equilibrium are destroyed, cause an inside turn of rotational speed to reduce, a flank turn of rotational speed increases.
This kind of adjustment is automatic, here involves "the smallest energy consumption principle", also is on the Earth all objects all favors to consumes energy the smallest condition. For example admits a grain of bean in a bowl, the bean can automatically pause in the bowl bottom but cannot pause in the bowl wall, because the bowl bottom is the energy lowest position (potential energy), its automatic selection static (kinetic energy is smallest) but cannot the unceasing movement. Similar truth, wheel when curve also can automatically tend to the energy consumption lowest condition about, when automatically adjusts a turn of rotational speed.
works as the curve according to the radius of turn, because outside side wheel has the phenomenon which slippery tows, in side wheel has wheelspin the phenomenon, two driving gears this time can opposite have two directions to attach the thrust augmentation, because "the smallest energy consumption principle", inevitably causes two side wheels the rotational speeds to be different, thus destroyed three balances relations, and through semi axis reflected to the rear axle shaft gear on, forces the planet gear to have the rotation, makes the flank semi axis rotational speed to speed up, the inside semi axis rotational speed reduces speed, Thus realizes two sidecars turn of rotational speeds difference.
On the automobile uses the gear drive the part to have driving axle, the transmission gearbox, the engine, the azimuth training gear and so on always becomes, the different part uses a form different size not gear. In all kinds of gear, some one name named "the hyperbolic curve" the gear, matches in the market in the steam also to have specially uses in its lubricating oil to be called "the hyperbolic curve gear oil". This kind of gear uses on the driving axle main gear box.
On the passenger vehicle main gear box generally uses the hyperbolic curve gear. This is because the hyperbolic curve gear compares with the spiral bevel gear, former revolution noise few, work steadier, turns the tooth intensity to be higher, moreover also has the drive gear spool thread to be allowed the relative driven gear disalignment characteristic, this point regarding the，automobile technical performance count for much, engineer to be allowed in not to change the engine the position size to be allowed directly to change driving axle the ground clearance, also is changes the entire vehicle the ground clearance.
Some automobiles produce the passenger vehicle and the movement leisure vehicle on the identical frame, its chassis parameter transformation also has used hyperbolic curve gear this characteristic. Because has these merits, at present automobile driving axle already tended to uses the hyperbolic curve gear, in fact recent years imported the automobile basically was uses the hyperbolic curve gear, the domestically produced automobile also has many vehicle types to use the hyperbolic curve gear, and already more and more many in center, on the heavy freight vehicle obtained uses.when the hyperbolic curve gear worked, between the tooth face can have in a big way relatively skids, also the tooth face pressure was very big, the tooth face lubricant film is easily destroyed. In order to reduce the friction, enhances the efficiency, must have to use includes guards against blows the wound chemical additive special-purpose hyperbolic curve gear oil, cannot use other gear oil to replace, otherwise will cause the tooth face rapid attrition and the abrasion, seriously will affect the automobile the running status.
汽車(chē)的差速器
汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)離合器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸，最后傳送到驅(qū)動(dòng)橋再左右分配給半軸驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪，在這條動(dòng)力傳送途徑上，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是最后一個(gè)總成，它的主要部件是減速器和差速器。減速器的作用就是減速增矩，這個(gè)功能完全靠齒輪與齒輪之間的嚙合完成，比較容易理解。而差速器就比較難理解，什么叫差速器，為什么要“差速”？
汽車(chē)差速器是驅(qū)動(dòng)轎的主件。它的作用就是在向兩邊半軸傳遞動(dòng)力的同時(shí)，允許兩邊半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，滿(mǎn)足兩邊車(chē)輪盡可能以純滾動(dòng)的形式作不等距行駛，減少輪胎與地面的摩擦。
汽車(chē)在拐彎時(shí)車(chē)輪的軌線(xiàn)是圓弧，如果汽車(chē)向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，圓弧的中心點(diǎn)在左側(cè)，在相同的時(shí)間里，右側(cè)輪子走的弧線(xiàn)比左側(cè)輪子長(zhǎng)，為了平衡這個(gè)差異，就要左邊輪子慢一點(diǎn)，右邊輪子快一點(diǎn)，用不同的轉(zhuǎn)速來(lái)彌補(bǔ)距離的差異。
如果后輪軸做成一個(gè)整體，就無(wú)法做到兩側(cè)輪子的轉(zhuǎn)速差異，也就是做不到自動(dòng)調(diào)整。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，早在一百年前，法國(guó)雷諾汽車(chē)公司的創(chuàng)始人路易斯.雷諾就設(shè)計(jì)出了差速器這個(gè)玩意。
普通差速器由行星齒輪、行星輪架（差速器殼）、半軸齒輪等零件組成。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)入差速器，直接驅(qū)動(dòng)行星輪架，再由行星輪帶動(dòng)左、右兩條半軸，分別驅(qū)動(dòng)左、右車(chē)輪。差速器的設(shè)計(jì)要求滿(mǎn)足：（左半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）+（右半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）=2（行星輪架轉(zhuǎn)速）。當(dāng)汽車(chē)直行時(shí)，左、右車(chē)輪與行星輪架三者的轉(zhuǎn)速相等處于平衡狀態(tài)，而在汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)三者平衡狀態(tài)被破壞，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速減小，外側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速增加。
這種調(diào)整是自動(dòng)的，這里涉及到“最小能耗原理”，也就是地球上所有物體都傾向于耗能最小的狀態(tài)。例如把一粒豆子放進(jìn)一個(gè)碗內(nèi)，豆子會(huì)自動(dòng)停留在碗底而絕不會(huì)停留在碗壁，因?yàn)橥氲资悄芰孔畹偷奈恢茫ㄎ荒埽?，它自?dòng)選擇靜止（動(dòng)能最?。┒粫?huì)不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)。同樣的道理，車(chē)輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)也會(huì)自動(dòng)趨向能耗最低的狀態(tài)，自動(dòng)地按照轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑調(diào)整左右輪的轉(zhuǎn)速。
當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，由于外側(cè)輪有滑拖的現(xiàn)象，內(nèi)側(cè)輪有滑轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象，兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪此時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)方向相反的附加力，由于“最小能耗原理”，必然導(dǎo)致兩邊車(chē)輪的轉(zhuǎn)速不同，從而破壞了三者的平衡關(guān)系，并通過(guò)半軸反映到半軸齒輪上，迫使行星齒輪產(chǎn)生自轉(zhuǎn)，使外側(cè)半軸轉(zhuǎn)速加快，內(nèi)側(cè)半軸轉(zhuǎn)速減慢，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)兩邊車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)速的差異。汽車(chē)上用到齒輪傳動(dòng)的部件有驅(qū)動(dòng)橋、變速器、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、方向機(jī)等總成，不同的部件采用形式不同大小不一的齒輪。在各式各樣的齒輪中，有一種名叫“雙曲線(xiàn)”的齒輪，在汽配市場(chǎng)上還有專(zhuān)門(mén)用于它的潤(rùn)滑油叫做“雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪油”。這種齒輪用在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的主減速器上。
轎車(chē)上的主減速器一般采用雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪。這是因?yàn)殡p曲線(xiàn)齒輪與螺旋錐齒輪比較，前者運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)噪音少，工作更平穩(wěn)，輪齒強(qiáng)度較高，而且還具有主動(dòng)齒輪軸線(xiàn)可以相對(duì)從動(dòng)齒輪軸線(xiàn)偏移的特點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于汽車(chē)的技術(shù)性能非常重要，工程師可以在不改變發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的位置尺寸就可以直接改變驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的離地間隙，也就是改變整部車(chē)的離地間隙。
有些汽車(chē)在同一車(chē)架上生產(chǎn)轎車(chē)和運(yùn)動(dòng)休閑車(chē)，其底盤(pán)的參數(shù)變換也是利用了雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪這一特性。由于有這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，目前汽車(chē)的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋已經(jīng)趨向于用雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪，實(shí)際上近年進(jìn)口汽車(chē)基本上是采用雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪，國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)也有許多車(chē)型采用雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪，并已經(jīng)越來(lái)越多地在中、重型貨車(chē)上得到采用。
但雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪工作時(shí)，齒面間會(huì)有較大的相對(duì)滑動(dòng)，且齒面壓力很大，齒面油膜容易被破壞。為減少摩擦，提高效率，必須要采用含有防刮傷添加劑的專(zhuān)用雙曲線(xiàn)齒輪油，絕不能用其它的齒輪油代替，否則將使齒面迅速磨損和擦傷，嚴(yán)重影響汽車(chē)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。
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