0194-托板零件成形工藝及落料沖孔復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)【全套8張CAD圖】
0194-托板零件成形工藝及落料沖孔復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)【全套8張CAD圖】,全套8張CAD圖,零件,成形,工藝,沖孔,復(fù)合,設(shè)計(jì),全套,cad
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
題目 托板沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)
一、 選題的依據(jù)及意義:
(1)及時(shí)了解模具技術(shù)發(fā)展的動(dòng)向,查閱相關(guān)資料,作好設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)備工作,充分發(fā)揮自己的主動(dòng)能動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性.
(2)綜合運(yùn)用和鞏固沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)理論和專業(yè)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)我們從事沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)的能力,為以后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ).
(3)培養(yǎng)我們分析和解決問題的能力.經(jīng)過畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié),我們能全面理解和掌握沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法和步驟,裝配工藝制定;解決在制定沖壓工藝規(guī)程,設(shè)計(jì)沖模結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)的問題;會(huì)查閱技術(shù)文獻(xiàn),以完成從事沖壓技術(shù)工作人員在模具設(shè)計(jì)方面所必須具備的基本能力訓(xùn)練.
(4)樹立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想,盡量結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,綜合考慮技術(shù)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性、可靠性、安全及先進(jìn)性等方面的要求,嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì).
二、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)（含文獻(xiàn)綜述）:
我國(guó)具工業(yè)從起步到飛躍發(fā)展，歷經(jīng)了半個(gè)多世紀(jì)，近幾年來，我國(guó)模具技術(shù)有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。大型、精密、復(fù)雜、高效和長(zhǎng)壽命模具又上了新臺(tái)階。按照中國(guó)模具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的劃分,我國(guó)模具基本分為10大類，其中,沖壓模和塑料成型模兩大類占主要部分。目前,我國(guó)以汽車覆蓋件模具為代表的大型沖壓模具的制造技術(shù)已取得很大進(jìn)步。幾大汽車模具廠由于采用了國(guó)際上先進(jìn)的模具加工廠設(shè)備、制造技術(shù)和軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了CAD(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì))/CAE(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助實(shí)驗(yàn))/CAM(計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造)一體化,提高了沖壓模具的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)和制造能力,縮短了模具的生產(chǎn)周期。國(guó)內(nèi)的模具企業(yè)也在充分抓住汽車工業(yè)所帶來的發(fā)展契機(jī),加大設(shè)備、產(chǎn)品、生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的升級(jí)步伐,積極開拓國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)。
然而，我國(guó)模具制造技術(shù)與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距還很大，沖壓模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的開發(fā)手段比較落后、技術(shù)的普及率不高,應(yīng)用不夠廣泛，僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計(jì)中采用了CAD技術(shù),距拋開繪圖板還有漫長(zhǎng)的一段路要走；在應(yīng)用CAE進(jìn)行模具方案設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算方面,也才剛剛起步,在應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面,由于缺乏先進(jìn)適用的制造裝備和工藝設(shè)備,只有5%左右的模具制造設(shè)備被應(yīng)用于這項(xiàng)工作。精密加工設(shè)備在模具加工設(shè)備中所占比重較低,工藝設(shè)備落后,直接影響國(guó)產(chǎn)模具質(zhì)量的提高。
我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)能力只能滿足需求量的60%左右,大部分模具廠的模具加工設(shè)備陳舊,在役期長(zhǎng)、精度差、效率低,還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。生產(chǎn)沖壓模具的專用技術(shù)尚未成熟,大多仍還處于試驗(yàn)摸索階段，如模具的表面涂層、表面熱處理技術(shù)、導(dǎo)向副潤(rùn)滑技術(shù)、型腔傳感及潤(rùn)滑技術(shù)、去應(yīng)力技術(shù)、抗疲勞及防腐技術(shù)等未完全形成生產(chǎn)能力,走向商品化。一些關(guān)鍵、重要的技術(shù)缺少知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度及使用覆蓋率較低，在汽車制造業(yè)中被大量使用的模具是沖壓模。近5年來,汽車模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的使用覆蓋率盡管有了較大增長(zhǎng),已從20世紀(jì)末的25%～30%提高到目前的45%左右。但這種增長(zhǎng)距國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平(一般在70%以上,中小模具在80%以上)差距還很大。這是汽車模具交貨期長(zhǎng),也是我國(guó)成為模具進(jìn)口大國(guó)的重要原因之一。
目前模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 模具CAD/ CAE/ CAM正向集成化、三維化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展；模具檢測(cè)、加工設(shè)備向精密、高效和多功能方向發(fā)展；快速經(jīng)濟(jì)制模技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用；模具材料及表面處理技術(shù)的研究；模具研磨拋光將向自動(dòng)化、智能化方向發(fā)展；模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用將日漸廣泛；壓鑄模、擠壓模及粉末鍛模比例增加；模具工業(yè)新工藝、新理念和新模式。 還有模具工業(yè)新工藝、新理念和新模式，在成型工藝方面，主要是沖壓模具功能復(fù)合化，模具加工系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化等。另一方面，隨著先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和整體制造水平的提高,在模具行業(yè)提出新的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、管理理念與模式。主要有：適應(yīng)模具單件生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)的柔性制造技術(shù)；創(chuàng)造最佳管理和效益的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神；提高快速應(yīng)變能力的并行工程、虛擬制造及全球敏捷制造、網(wǎng)絡(luò)制造等新的生產(chǎn)哲理；廣泛采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件通用件的分工協(xié)作生產(chǎn)模式；適應(yīng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)保要求的綠色設(shè)計(jì)與制造等。
三、研究?jī)?nèi)容及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:
研究?jī)?nèi)容:1工藝分折
2、確定加工方案;
3 排樣圖的設(shè)計(jì)及材料利用率計(jì)算;
4、沖裁壓力和壓力中心計(jì)算;
5、凸凹模設(shè)計(jì);
6、凸凹模刃口尺寸的確定;
7、其它零件的設(shè)計(jì);
8、壓力機(jī)的選擇;
9、后附翻譯和實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告
實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:
1) 設(shè)計(jì)前的準(zhǔn)備： 豐富模具設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，熟悉托板結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)過程熟悉沖壓成形原理及整個(gè)流程。
2) 零件二維平面圖紙： 利用CAD軟件畫出工件二維工程圖紙。
3) 模具設(shè)計(jì) ： 1. 對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)模具之產(chǎn)品(托板)進(jìn)行可行性分析 。
2．確定模具結(jié)構(gòu)（本課題采用沖壓）。
3．排樣圖的設(shè)計(jì)及材料利用率計(jì)算
4．沖裁壓力和壓力中心計(jì)算
5．凸、凹模設(shè)計(jì)
6．凸、凹模刃口尺寸的確定。
7．其它零件的設(shè)計(jì)
8．壓力機(jī)的選擇
9．結(jié)束語
4) 設(shè)計(jì)說明書 ： 闡述托板零件圖的繪制過程工程及整個(gè)模具設(shè)計(jì)過程。
四、 目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度:
進(jìn)度安排：
1. 查閱相關(guān)資料，外文資料翻譯（6000字符以上），撰寫開題報(bào)告。
第1周—第2周
2.繪制托板沖件圖，分析沖件成形工藝及坯料展開 第3周—第6周
3.編制托板沖壓成形工藝規(guī)程； 第7周—第8周
4.繪制托板沖?？傃b圖及零件圖； 第9周—第13周
5.撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（論文） 第14周—第16周
6.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)審查，畢業(yè)答辯。 第17周
五、 參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]黨根茂,駱志斌,李集仁．模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造[M].西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2001．
[2]彭建聲.冷沖壓技術(shù)問答[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1984
[3]彭建聲,王新華，張敬國(guó).冷沖模制造與修理[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版,1985.
[4]梁炳文,胡世光.板料成型塑性理論[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1987.
[5]周科年.汽車縱梁沖孔落料復(fù)合模[J].模具工業(yè),1999,(6).14-17
[6]肖景容.沖壓工藝學(xué)[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999
[7]翟德梅,李鐵明.機(jī)架復(fù)合沖裁模具的研制[J].電加工與模具,2004,(6):26-29
[8]模具實(shí)用技術(shù)叢書編委會(huì).沖模設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用實(shí)例[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004,4
[9]姜奎華.沖壓工藝與模具技術(shù)[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005,8
[10]鄭家賢.沖壓工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用技術(shù)[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005,8
[11]中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)教育協(xié)會(huì).冷沖模設(shè)計(jì)及制造[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005,1
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（外文翻譯）
模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造
模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ)，在我國(guó)，模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國(guó)雖然很早就開始制造模具和使用模具，但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車道。近年，不僅國(guó)有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展，三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（個(gè)體）模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。
雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但與需求相比，顯然供不應(yīng)求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面，中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。
中國(guó)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力，今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展，向進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn)，中高檔汽車覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。
近年，模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大，主要表現(xiàn)在，大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品；塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大；專業(yè)模具廠數(shù)量及其生產(chǎn)能力增加；“三資”及私營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展迅速；股份制改造步伐加快等。從地區(qū)分布來看，以珠江三角洲和長(zhǎng)江三角洲為中心的東南沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展快于中西部地區(qū)，南方的發(fā)展快于北方。目前發(fā)展最快、模具生產(chǎn)最為集中的省份是廣東和浙江，江蘇、上海、安徽和山東等地近幾年也有較大發(fā)展。
雖然我國(guó)模具總量目前已達(dá)到相當(dāng)規(guī)模，模具水平也有很大提高，但設(shè)計(jì)制造水平總體上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家許多。當(dāng)前存在的問題和差距主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：
（1）總量供不應(yīng)求
國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低檔模具供過于求，中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。
（2）企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理
我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車間（分廠），自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右，而國(guó)外模具超過70%屬商品模具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式，而國(guó)外大多是“小而專”、“小而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%，而國(guó)外在50%以上。2004年，模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7:1，進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。
（3）模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平，生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平
產(chǎn)品水平低主要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。
（4）開發(fā)能力較差，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳
我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低，水平較低，且不重視產(chǎn)品開發(fā)，在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合1萬美元，國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大多是15～20萬美元，有的高達(dá)25～30萬美元，與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過去作坊式管理，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。
造成上述差距的原因很多，除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視，以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外，還有下列幾個(gè)原因：
（1）國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠
雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，但配套政策少，執(zhí)行力度弱。目前享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有185家，大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅金，影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步，而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。
（2）人才嚴(yán)重不足，科研開發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少
模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè)，隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺，高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠，科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收，導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少，致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大，進(jìn)展不快。
（3）工藝裝備水平低，且配套性不好，利用率低
近年來我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快，已能提供比較成套的高精度加工設(shè)備，但與國(guó)外裝備相比，仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備，但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因，引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套，設(shè)備與附件不配套現(xiàn)象十分普遍，設(shè)備利用率低的問題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。
（4）專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低，協(xié)作能力差
由于長(zhǎng)期以來受“大而全”“小而全”影響，模具專業(yè)化水平低，專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致，商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具，商品模具只占40%左右，其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢，難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù)。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響，特別是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。
（5）模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后
模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本，國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑料、板材、設(shè)備性能差，也直接影響模具水平的提高。
目前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段，國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯，這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面，國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展，另一方面，模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購趨向也十分明顯。因此，放眼未來，國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好，預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展，我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó)，而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)。“十一五”期間，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高，而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。
模具技術(shù)集合了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科，是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展，模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高，模具制造周期不斷縮短，模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展，模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。我國(guó)模具行業(yè)今后仍需提高的共性技術(shù)有：
（1）建立在CAD/CAE平臺(tái)上的先進(jìn)模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)，提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化、信息化、智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平。
（2）建立在CAM/CAPP基礎(chǔ)上的先進(jìn)模具加工技術(shù)與先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)相結(jié)合，提高模具加工的自動(dòng)化水平與生產(chǎn)效率。
（3）模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息化管理技術(shù)。例如PDM（產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理）、ERP（企業(yè)資源管理）、MIS（模具制造管理信息系統(tǒng)）及INTERMET平臺(tái)等信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用、推廣及發(fā)展。
（4）高速、高精、復(fù)合模具加工技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用。例如超精沖壓模具制造技術(shù)、精密塑料和壓鑄模具制造技術(shù)等。
（5）提高模具生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本和縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期的各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具制造技術(shù)。
（6）先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開發(fā)、加工過程中的應(yīng)用
（7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。
（8）先進(jìn)的模具加工和專有設(shè)備的研究與開發(fā)。
（9）模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、重要輔件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)。
（10）模具及其制品的檢測(cè)技術(shù)。
（11）優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。
（12）模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化管理技術(shù)。
模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破。
隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來越大，技術(shù)要求也越來越高。雖然模具種類繁多，但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要，又有較高技術(shù)含量，特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給，需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此，一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展，而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度，這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平，從而提高模具質(zhì)量，縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期，降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品，而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來的產(chǎn)品。
根據(jù)“十一五”模具行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，“十一五”期間模具產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點(diǎn)主要有如下幾類：
（1）汽車覆蓋件模具
沖壓模具占模具總量的40%以上。汽車覆蓋件模具主要為汽車配套，也包括為農(nóng)用車、工程機(jī)械和農(nóng)機(jī)配套的覆蓋件模具，它在沖壓模具中具有很大的代表性，模具大都是大中型，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，技術(shù)要求高。尤其是為轎車配套的覆蓋件模具，要求更高，可以代表沖壓模具的水平。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，已為中檔轎車配套，但水平還不高，能力不足，目前滿足率只有一半左右。中高檔轎車覆蓋件模具主要依靠進(jìn)口，已成為汽車發(fā)展的瓶頸，極大的影響著車型開發(fā)。
（2）精密沖壓模具
多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模代表了沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向，精度要求壽命要求極高，主要為電子工業(yè)、汽車、儀器儀表、電機(jī)電器等配套。這兩種模具，國(guó)內(nèi)已有相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，并已引進(jìn)了國(guó)外技術(shù)及設(shè)備，個(gè)別企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到世界水平，但大部分企業(yè)仍有較大差距，供應(yīng)總量不足，進(jìn)口很多。
（3）大型精密塑料模具
塑料模具占模具總量近40%，而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。塑料模具中為汽車和家電配套的大型注塑模具，為集成電路配套的塑封模，為電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和機(jī)械及包裝配套的多層、多腔、多材質(zhì)、多色精密注塑模，為新型建材及節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)配套的塑料異型材擠出模及管路和噴頭模具等，目前雖然已有相當(dāng)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)并正在快速發(fā)展，但技術(shù)水平與國(guó)外仍有較大差距，總量供不應(yīng)求，每年的進(jìn)口額達(dá)幾億美元。
（4）主要模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件
目前國(guó)內(nèi)已有較大產(chǎn)量的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是模架、導(dǎo)向件、推桿推管、彈性元件等。這些產(chǎn)品不但國(guó)內(nèi)配套大量需要，出口前景也很好，應(yīng)繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口，應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)?；a(chǎn)。
（5）其他高技術(shù)含量的模具
占模具總量給8%的壓鑄模具中，大型薄壁精密壓鑄技術(shù)含量高，難度大。鎂合金壓鑄模具目前雖然剛起步，但發(fā)展前景好，有代表性。子午線橡膠輪胎模具也是發(fā)展方向，其中活絡(luò)模技術(shù)難度最大。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具具有很好的發(fā)展前景。這些高技術(shù)含量的模具在“十一五”期間也應(yīng)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展。
6
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
題目： 托板沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)
托板沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)
摘要:沖壓模具在實(shí)際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用廣泛。在傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工人生產(chǎn)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、勞動(dòng)量大，嚴(yán)重影響生產(chǎn)效率的提高。隨著當(dāng)今科技的發(fā)展， 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中模具的使用已經(jīng)越來越引起人們的重視，而被大量應(yīng)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中來。沖壓模具的自動(dòng)送料技術(shù)也投入到實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)中，沖壓模具可以大大的提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率，減輕工人負(fù)擔(dān)，具有重要的技術(shù)進(jìn)步意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
本文提出采用模具來生產(chǎn)沖壓件的新工藝，并針對(duì)某規(guī)格夾具沖壓件設(shè)計(jì)了復(fù)合模。該模具設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)主要是如何解決好零件中的孔沖裁、確定模具結(jié)構(gòu)、如何進(jìn)行模具的制造及沖裁方案選定等。本文結(jié)合沖壓件的特點(diǎn)，具體解決了壓力機(jī)的選擇與校核、凸模和凹模刃口尺寸計(jì)算及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、定位方案設(shè)計(jì)、卸料方式的設(shè)計(jì)、主要模具零件的加工工藝、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件的選用、模具的裝配等一系列的設(shè)計(jì)工作，這些設(shè)計(jì)可為類似的零件模具設(shè)計(jì)提供現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義。此次模具設(shè)計(jì)的突出特點(diǎn)是嘗試使用復(fù)雜的復(fù)合模具，解決常規(guī)沖壓工藝模具套數(shù)多、工藝路線長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)成本高、效率低等缺點(diǎn)，并為以后此類零件沖壓工藝的編制及模具設(shè)計(jì)提供了可靠的依據(jù)。
本文介紹的模具實(shí)例結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用，使用方便可靠，對(duì)類似工件的大批量生產(chǎn)具有一定的參考作用。
關(guān)鍵詞: 沖模；復(fù)合模；沖裁力；沖裁間隙
Tray stamping mould design
Abstract :Punching die has been widely used in industrial production. In the traditional industrial production, the worker work very hard, and there are too much work, so the efficiency is low. With the development of the science and technology nowadays, the use of punching die in the industial production gain more attention, and be used in the industrial production more and more. Self-acting feed technology of punching die is also used in production, punching die could increase the efficience of production and could alleviate the work burden，so it has significant meaning in technologic progress and economic value.
This Article proposes using mold to produce retainer of the new technology, And against a standard fixture retainer design of the compound dies. The main problems of this mold design is how to solve retainer of punching holes, determine mold structure, how to manufacturing the mold and selected blanking programs and so on. This Article Combine the characteristics of retainer, concretely solve the choice and verify check of the press machine, the numeration and structure design of the point dimension of punch and matrix, the locating project design, the method of stripper, the main mold parts processing, the choice of standard parts, the design of the model assemble. These designs can provide realistic guiding significance for similar mold design. But the characteristics of the design is to try to using the complicate dies. To solve the problem of original process, such as large numbers of die, long process of technology, high production cost, low efficiency, difficulty in keeping symmetry of working parts are solved, and a reliable evidence for the workout of stamping process and die design of these parts is provided.
The dies here discussed can be easily made, conveniently used, and safely operated. And it could be used as the reference in the large scale production of similar workpieces.
key words: dies; compound dies; blanking force; blanking dearance
目錄
1 緒論 1
1.1 模具行業(yè) 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外模具發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及趨勢(shì) 1
1.3 本次設(shè)計(jì)的主要方向、內(nèi)容及目的 2
2 沖裁件的工藝分析 3
2.1 沖裁件的材料及結(jié)構(gòu)的工藝性 3
2.2 批量生產(chǎn) 3
2.3 沖壓件工藝分析 4
2.4 沖裁件工藝設(shè)計(jì) 4
3 沖壓設(shè)計(jì) 4
3.1 計(jì)算搭邊值 4
3.2 條料寬度 4
3. 3 排樣圖 5
3.4 沖裁力的計(jì)算 5
3.6 壓力機(jī)噸位的選用 6
4 沖裁模具相關(guān)參數(shù)計(jì)算 6
4.1 計(jì)算 6
4.2 經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定一些經(jīng)驗(yàn) 6
5 沖裁模刃口的計(jì)算 7
5.1 確定模具磨損系數(shù) 7
5.2 凸凹模的加工 7
6 其余模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件 8
6.1 固定擋料銷及導(dǎo)料銷 8
6.2 推桿 9
6.3 防轉(zhuǎn)銷 9
6.4 圓柱銷 10
6.5 卸料螺釘 11
6.6 內(nèi)六角圓柱頭螺釘 11
6.7 模柄 12
6.8 卸料彈簧 13
6.9 導(dǎo)柱導(dǎo)套 14
6.10 模座 14
7 模具裝配與調(diào)試 15
7.1 模具裝配特點(diǎn) 15
7.2 裝配技術(shù)要求 15
7.3 裝配過程 16
7.3.1 常用的裝模工具 16
7.3.2 模具的裝配 16
7.4 裝模與試模 17
7.4.1 模具的安裝 17
7.5 檢驗(yàn)和驗(yàn)收技術(shù)條件 20
7.6 使用規(guī)定 20
7.7 沖模設(shè)計(jì)的審核項(xiàng)目 21
結(jié)論 24
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 25
致謝 26
Mold design and manufacture
The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprise's development also quite rapid .
Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .
The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .
The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years .
Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:
(1) the total quantity falls short of demand
domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .
(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather
in our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is "large and complete", "small and entire" organization form, but overseas mostly is "small but", "is specially small and fine". Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .
(3) the mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard
the production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .
(4) develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low
the level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few
To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .
(1) country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently
although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .
(2) talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine
mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .
(3) the craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low
recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .
(4) specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability
because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .
(5) to the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls
the mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .
At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. "15" period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprise's system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .
The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :
(1) to establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .
(2) establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .
(3) the mold production enterprise's information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .
(4) are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .
(5) enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .
(6) the advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .
(7) the raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .
(8) the advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .
(9) the mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .
(10) the mold and its the product examination technology.
(11) high quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .
(12) the mold production enterprise's modern management technology □
Mold profession in "十15" period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough
Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.
Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .
According to "十15" the mold profession development plan, "十15" the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold
(1) ramming mold to occupy
the mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. This kind of mold our country had the certain technology base, already for middle-grade passenger vehicle necessary, but the level is not high, the ability is insufficient, at present satisfying rate only has one about the half. Center the upscale passenger vehicle cover mold main dependence import, has become the bottleneck which the automobile develops, enormous influence vehicle type development .
(2)the precise ramming mold
multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics industry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the product has achieved the world level, but the majority of enterprises still had a bigger disparity, the supply total quantity insufficient, the import were very many
(3) the large-scale precise plastic mold
plastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity 10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plastic different molding for the new building materials to squeeze out the mold and the pipeline and the nozzle mold and so on, at present although had the suitable technology base and fast is developing, but the technical level and overseas still had a bigger disparity, the total quantity falls short of demand, Every year import amount reaches several hundred million US dollar.
(4) the main mold standard to imitatee
at present domestically to have an greater output the mold standard letter mainly is the mold frame, the guidance, the throwout lever pushes the tube, the elastic part and so on. These products not only the domestic necessary massive need, the exportation prospect very is also good, should continue vigorously to develop. The nitrogen cylinder and the hot flow channel part main dependence import, should raise the level in the existing foundation, forms the standard and organization scale production.
(5) the other high-tech content molds
occupiesin the mold total quantity green 8% compression casting mold, large-scale thin wall precise compression casting technology content high, the difficulty is big. The magnesium alloy compression casting mold at present although just started, but the prospects for development were good, have the representation. The meridian rubber tire mold also is the development direction, detachable mold technology difficulty is biggest. With fast takes shape some fast pattern making technologies and the corresponding fast economical mold which the technology unifies has the very good prospects for development. These high-tech content molds in "十15" period also should the prioritize .
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