山東省濟(jì)寧市2019年中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 題型二 閱讀理解課件.ppt

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濟(jì)寧題型二閱讀理解,一、閱讀理解“三步”定位法第一步看題干，快速定位關(guān)鍵詞先看問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。第二步讀文章，快速定位找原文帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。,第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。,二、具體解題技巧1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題該題型多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計(jì)題目，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占的比例最大，一般占總分值的60%～85%。其命題方式有用what,where,which,why,who,how等疑問詞進(jìn)行提問；用accordingto開頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)、系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式。,解答該類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)若問題的答案是文中的原句，直接作答即可；(2)若問題的答案涉及的是總結(jié)性的句子，要特別注意對(duì)原文中與答案相關(guān)句子的總結(jié)。,【例】IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfather’swordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,FairtimeandWinter！”Atthattime,aweeklongfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.,Q:Thousandsofpeoplecametothetowntoatthefair.A．enjoyGrandma’sfoodB．sellandbuythingsC．learntocookD．haveabigparty,【解析】B由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來到小鎮(zhèn)上是為了在集市上買賣東西，故選B。,2．推理判斷題該題型的命題方式主要有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷、對(duì)某個(gè)問題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫作意圖的推理判斷。常見的提問方式有：,(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...(2)Wecanlearnfromthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...(6)Attheendofthepassagethewritersuggests...(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...,【例】Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing？”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallthewaythroughtheearth！”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.,Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis.A．sillyB．strictC．friendlyD．strongminded,【解析】A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺得小男孩很愚蠢，故選A。,3．詞義猜測(cè)題該題型要求學(xué)生充分理解文章，有時(shí)還要結(jié)合英語構(gòu)詞法、語法及相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。,【例】Aserioussandstorm(沙塵暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.Q:Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A．信封B．遮蓋C．刮走D．灰塵,【解析】B由前文可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法知識(shí)可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除A、D；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷envelop在此處表示“遮蓋”之意，故選B。,4．主旨大意題該題型文章考查考生對(duì)文章整體的理解及對(duì)主旨大意的概括能力。常見的提問方式有(1)Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage？(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?,解答該類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)注意文章標(biāo)題、開頭、結(jié)尾、中間的主題句；(2)以原文為依據(jù)，只選最適合原文的，不要摻雜個(gè)人意見；(3)注意絕對(duì)化的單詞，如all,must等；(4)避免以偏概全的干擾項(xiàng)答案。,【例】Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudents’library,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheckhomeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudents’parentsthroughemail.,Q:What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．Computerswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudents’parentsthroughemail.,【解析】A第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其進(jìn)行的擴(kuò)展和論述，故選A。,5．?dāng)?shù)字計(jì)算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡單的計(jì)算和推斷。,【例】IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIleftschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafulltimepainter.Q:Whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout．A．14B．16C．18D．21,【解析】D作者14歲因繪畫獲獎(jiǎng)，18歲進(jìn)入美術(shù)學(xué)校，畢業(yè)時(shí)一定在18歲以上，故選D。,