高三英語二輪復習 第1部分 專題5 短文改錯 考法1 詞法錯誤

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考法1| 詞法錯誤 錯誤1——冠詞有誤 1. (2015全國卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. countryside前加the　[in the countryside為固定短語，意為“在鄉(xiāng)下”，故在countryside之前加the。] 2. (2015浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. hurry前加a　[in a hurry為固定詞組，意為“匆忙”，故在hurry之前加a。] 3. (2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. kitchen前加the　[此處應指我們家的廚房，故在kitchen之前加the。] 【導學號：90892026】 4．(2014全國卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 去掉flowers前面的the　[表示“各種各樣的花和樹”時flowers and trees應為泛指，前面不能加定冠詞。] 5．(2016哈爾濱市第三中學模擬)As we know, TV plays important part in our daily life. plays后加an　[play an important part in為固定短語，意為“在……中起著重要作用”，important以元音音素開頭，故在plays之后加an。] 6．(2016長春外國語學校質檢)When I suddenly fell ill, you carried me to nearest hospital. nearest前加the　[在形容詞最高級之前加定冠詞，故在nearest之前加the。] 7. (2016東北師大附中模擬)During the holiday, I realized English was of great importance and made up my mind to make a progress. 去掉progress前面的a　[make progress取得進步，progress為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不能加不定冠詞。] 8．(2016長春市十一高中仿真模擬)First, you should take a active part in the discussions and show your own opinions about the matters. a→an　[active以元音音素開頭，故active之前的不定冠詞為an。take an active part in意為“積極參加”。] 9．(2016吉林省實驗中學模擬)This is a third year that I have been in this school. a→the　[此處特指第三年，故把a改為the。] 10．(2016濰坊市模擬)As long as you form regular habits and keep them, youll have a strong body and live the healthy life. the→a　[live a ...life意為“過著……的生活”，故把the改為不定冠詞a。] 感悟與反思 冠詞錯誤主要有四種情況：①不定冠詞a與an錯用：元音音素前用an，輔音音素前用a。②不定冠詞與定冠詞錯用：泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。③冠詞的缺失：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前缺少不定冠詞或定冠詞。④冠詞的多余：不可數(shù)名詞前有多余的不定冠詞，表泛指的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前有多余的定冠詞。特別提示：需注意固定搭配中冠詞的應用。 錯誤2——名詞有誤 1. (2016全國乙卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. honest→honesty　[考查詞性誤用。主語是key，與表語構成同位關系，并非對主語的描述，故用名詞。] 2．(2016全國丙卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. year→years　[13至19歲的那幾年，year當然要用復數(shù)形式。] 3．(2015全國卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. airs→air　[air為不可數(shù)名詞，故應把airs改為air。] 4．(2015浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass. side→sides　[side為可數(shù)名詞，在three之后當然應用復數(shù)。] 5．(2015陜西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking. step→steps　[表示“一些基本步驟”，step應用復數(shù)形式。] 6．(2016張家口市考前模擬)My favorite sport is badminton, which brings me much happy. happy→happiness　[羽毛球能夠帶給我很多幸福，作及物動詞bring的賓語應用名詞形式。] 7．(2016陜西師大附中模擬)We talked happily, and one of my new friend showed us the pictures of the places he had been visited. friend→friends　[通過one of可知friend應用復數(shù)形式。] 8．(2016長春市十一高中仿真模擬)But I think you can make it if you follow the advices below. advices→advice　[advice為不可數(shù)名詞，故應把advices改為advice。] 9．(2016齊齊哈爾市模擬)Friendship is one of the greatest pleasure that people can enjoy. pleasure→pleasures　[根據(jù)one of可知pleasure為可數(shù)名詞，應用復數(shù)形式。] 10．(2016天水一中模擬)But the problem is that there are not enough sports facilities to meet the public growing demand. public→publics　[此處表示“公眾的日益增長的需求”，應用所有格。] 感悟與反思 名詞錯誤有三種情況：①名詞數(shù)的錯用：誤把復數(shù)用作單數(shù)；誤把不可數(shù)名詞用作復數(shù)。②名詞格的錯用：該用所有格時錯用普通格。③詞性錯用：該用名詞時錯用形容詞。 錯誤3——介詞有誤 1．(2015全國卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. on→with　[表示“隨著……的發(fā)展”應用with the development of，with表示“隨著”。] 2．(2015四川高考)Please help with me and give me some advice. 去掉with　[help為及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語。] 3．(2015陜西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week. 去掉in　[當用作時間狀語的詞前有l(wèi)ast，next時，其前不用介詞。] 4．(2014遼寧高考)Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. 去掉bother后面的to　[bother為及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語。] 5．(2014四川高考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. wait后加for　[wait為不及物動詞，后跟賓語時應加for。] 6．(2014浙江高考)If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. on→in　[in need為固定搭配，意為“需要幫助的；貧困中的”。] 【導學號：90892027】 7．(2016長春市十一高中仿真模擬)Second, you should learn your classmates likes and dislikes. learn后加of　[learn表示“學習，學會”時為及物動詞，表示“了解，得知”時為不及物動詞，后需跟介詞of。] 8．(2016吉林省實驗中學模擬)In an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm where we learned to plant potatoes. In→On　[籠統(tǒng)地說“在下午”用in the afternoon，但表示在“某一個下午”應用介詞on。] 9．(2016哈爾濱市第三中學模擬)Sitting in front of TV all day does harm for our eyes and wastes our time. for→to　[do harm to為固定搭配，意為“對……造成危害”。] 10．(2016哈爾濱市第三中學模擬)So we should take a correct attitude students watching TV. attitude后加towards或to　[表示“……的態(tài)度”應用attitude towards/to。] 感悟與反思 介詞錯誤主要有三種情況：①介詞的多余：及物動詞后不能再加介詞。②介詞的缺失：不及物動詞后跟賓語時需加介詞。③介詞的錯用：介詞的基本用法以及介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞構成的搭配。需特別注意固定搭配中介詞的使用，包括介詞的缺失與多余。 錯誤4——形容詞、副詞有誤 1．(2016全國丙卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. worse→worst　[and之前用了best，與之并列也應用最高級，故把worse改為worst。] 2．(2016全國丙卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. freely→free　[be free from擺脫。] 3．(2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritiest. favoritiest→favorite　[favorite沒有比較級和最高級。] 【導學號：90892028】 4．(2015全國卷Ⅰ)Much rare animals are dying out. Much→Many　[much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，rare animals為復數(shù)形式，故應把Much改為Many。] 5. (2015全國卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried. terrible→terribly　[修飾形容詞worried應用副詞。] 6．(2015陜西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. well→good　[此處應用形容詞作表語，well作形容詞時通常指健康狀況，而此處指的是食物很好，應用good。] 7．(2014全國卷Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. taste→tasty　[juicy為形容詞，與之并列也應用形容詞，tasty表示“美味的，可口的”。] 8．(2016山東師大附中模擬)Anyway, Ill get used to living here and hope everything will be more better soon. 去掉more　[better為比較級，前面再加more就是比較級重復。故應去掉more。] 9．(2016玉溪一中模擬)At school, all the teachers work very hardly, encouraging us to build up our confidence. hardly→hard　[所有老師工作都很努力，應用hard，而hardly意為“幾乎不”。] 10．(2016哈爾濱市第六中學模擬)Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balance diet is essential for us. balance→balanced　[表示“均衡的飲食”應用a balanced diet。] 感悟與反思 形容詞、副詞錯誤主要有四種情況：①形容詞之間或副詞之間的錯用：由于詞形或詞義的接近而引起的錯誤。②比較等級的錯用：特別是比較級與最高級的錯用，還要注意比較級的重復。③形容詞與副詞錯用：作定語、表語時應用形容詞，作狀語時一般用副詞(伴隨狀語用形容詞)。④形容詞與名詞的錯用：該用形容詞時錯用名詞。 錯誤5——代詞有誤 1．(2015陜西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. anything→something　[表示“我想為他做一些特別的事情”，應用something，而anything表示“任何事情”。] 2．(2016淄博淄川一中模擬)Mine own experience can serve as a case in point. Mine→My　[此處表示“我的親身經歷”，應用形容詞性物主代詞my。] 3．(2016長春市十一高中仿真模擬)As time goes on, people will know yourself better and be willing to make friends with you. yourself→you　[表示“人們會更了解你”，應用you而非yourself。] 4．(2016昆明一中模擬)The passengers got off one after others. others→another　[one after another表示“一個接著一個”。] 5．(2016東北師大附中模擬)I think I can improve me a lot in this way, because where there is a will, there is a way. me→myself　[表示“提高自己”用improve myself。] 6．(2016山東師大附中模擬)Through these activities, we can broaden us horizons and learn about western culture. us→our　[名詞前面應該用形容詞性物主代詞，我們能夠開拓“我們的視野”，應用our horizons。] 7．(2016太原五中模擬)To my relief, there was something seriously wrong with me. something→nothing　[感到寬慰是因為沒有什么嚴重的問題，應用nothing。] 8．(2016太原五中模擬)I need to take some exercise every day and find ways to relax me. me→myself　[我需要每天鍛煉，想法放松自己，應用relax myself。] 9．(2016濰坊市模擬)Without a healthy body, you cannot do everything even if you are a millionaire. everything→anything　[句意：沒有健康的身體，即使你是百萬富翁也是什么也做不了。anything與not連用表示全部否定，而everything與not連用為部分否定。] 10．(2016樂山市調查研究考試)When I have a better idea, I will choose to stick to them. them→it　[句意：當我有好主意時，通常會選擇堅持。后面的代詞應指代前面的a better idea，為單數(shù)，故用it。] 感悟與反思 代詞錯誤主要有三種情況：①人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞本身的單復數(shù)錯用。②人稱代詞與物主代詞、人稱代詞與反身代詞錯用。③不定代詞錯用。